Porterfield K, Hore P, Whittaker SG, Fellows KM, Mohllajee A, Azimi-Gaylon S, Watson B, Grant I, Fuller R. A Snapshot of Lead in Consumer Products Across Four US Jurisdictions.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024;
132:75002. [PMID:
39012763 PMCID:
PMC11251510 DOI:
10.1289/ehp14336]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Following the removal of lead from gasoline, paint and pipes were thought to be the main sources of lead exposure in the United States. However, consumer products, such as certain spices, ceramic and metal cookware, traditional health remedies, and cultural powders, are increasingly recognized as important sources of lead exposure across the United States.
OBJECTIVE
This paper reviews data from four US jurisdictions that conduct in-home investigations for children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) to examine the prevalence of lead exposures associated with consumer products, in comparison with housing-related sources.
METHODS
Authors reviewed investigation data (2010-2021) provided by California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, and compared the extent of lead exposures associated with housing-related vs. consumer products-related sources.
DISCUSSION
The proportion of investigations identifying consumer products-related sources of lead exposure varied by jurisdiction (range: 15%-38%). A review of US CDC and US FDA alerts and New York City data indicates that these types of lead-containing products are often sourced internationally, with many hand carried into the United States during travel. Based on surveillance data, we believe that US immigrant and refugee communities are at an increased risk for lead exposures associated with these products. To engage health authorities, there is a need for evidentiary data. We recommend implementing a national product surveillance database systematically tracking data on consumer products tested by childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. The data repository should be centralized and accessible to all global stakeholders, including researchers and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, who can use these data to inform investigations. Effectively identifying and addressing the availability of lead-containing consumer products at their source can focus resources on primary prevention, reducing lead exposures for users abroad and in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336.
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