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DeMarco MP, Cohn JD, Dubois J, Lapp T, Donze ML, Nyachogo M, Cronholm PF. US Maternal Mortality Solutions Must Include Addressing Intimate Partner Violence. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:782-784. [PMID: 38959462 PMCID: PMC11224624 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario P DeMarco
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer D Cohn
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica Dubois
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tony Lapp
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa L Donze
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcella Nyachogo
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter F Cronholm
- Mario P. DeMarco, Jennifer D. Cohn, Melissa L. Donze, and Peter F. Cronholm are with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Jessica Dubois and Marcella Nyachogo are with Lutheran Settlement House, Philadelphia, PA. Tony Lapp is with Cordea, Philadelphia, PA
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Bright M, Amendola A, Roussos-Ross D. Maternal Mortality Review Committees should take a closer look at homicide deaths. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:143-146. [PMID: 38565477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bright
- Center for Violence Prevention Research, Gainesville, FL.
| | | | - Dikea Roussos-Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Zhao X, Liu J, Brown MJ, Alston K. Intimate Partner Violence and Antenatal Depression Among Underserved Pregnant Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:1102-1110. [PMID: 38629622 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Few studies have examined the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure during pregnancy and types of IPV with antenatal depression among underserved pregnant women. Methods: Data came from participants from a Healthy Start program in South Carolina between 2015 and 2019 (n = 1,629). The first two questions in the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) were used to measure IPV exposure, that is, having a problematic relationship with their partner. Those who had IPV exposure were assessed with six additional questions of the WAST. Principal component analysis was conducted on the 8-item WAST data to identify underlying types of IPV exposure. Antenatal depression was defined as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scores ≥16. Results: Participants were racially diverse (71% black, 21% white) with 85% Medicaid recipients. Nearly 12% of participants reported IPV exposure and 30% reported antenatal depression. The odds of having IPV exposure were higher among unmarried women, those with less than a high school education, and those who lacked family support. The odds of having antenatal depression were 2.5 times higher (95% CI: 1.9-3.5) among women with IPV exposure. After controlling for covariates, a one-point increase in the scores for psychological IPV (Factor 1) or a problematic relationship (Factor 3) was associated with increased odds of antenatal depression. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies to estimate the prevalence of IPV exposure using a proxy measure (a problematic relationship) among underserved U.S. pregnant women. Its positive association with antenatal depression suggests the utility of screening for a problematic relationship using a two-item WAST and providing assistance to those with IPV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Monique J Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly Alston
- Prisma Health, Midlands Healthy Start, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Kozhimannil KB, Sheffield EC, Fritz AH, Interrante JD, Henning-Smith C, Lewis VA. Health insurance coverage and experiences of intimate partner violence and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents who gave birth 2016-2020. J Rural Health 2024. [PMID: 38733132 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is elevated among rural residents and contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum health insurance expansion efforts could address multiple causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, including IPV. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between perinatal health insurance, IPV, and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents. METHODS Using 2016-2020 data on rural residents from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we assessed self-report of experiencing physical violence by an intimate partner and rates of abuse screening at postpartum visits. Health insurance at childbirth and postpartum was categorized as private, Medicaid, or uninsured. We also measured insurance transitions from childbirth to postpartum (continuous private, continuous Medicaid, Medicaid to private, and Medicaid to uninsured). FINDINGS IPV rates varied by health insurance status at childbirth, with the highest rates among Medicaid beneficiaries (7.7%), compared to those who were uninsured (1.6%) or privately insured (1.6%). When measured by insurance transitions, the highest IPV rates were reported by those with continuous Medicaid coverage (8.6%), followed by those who transitioned from Medicaid at childbirth to private insurance (5.3%) or no insurance (5.9%) postpartum. Nearly half (48.1%) of rural residents lacked postpartum abuse screening, with the highest proportion among rural residents who were uninsured at childbirth (66.1%) or postpartum (52.1%). CONCLUSION Rural residents who are insured by Medicaid before or after childbirth are at elevated risk for IPV. Medicaid policy efforts to improve maternal health should focus on improving detection and screening for IPV among rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Backes Kozhimannil
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Rural Health Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily C Sheffield
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Rural Health Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alyssa H Fritz
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Rural Health Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia D Interrante
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Rural Health Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carrie Henning-Smith
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Rural Health Research Center, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Valerie A Lewis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Beeler S, Gerrish O, Aldred BG, Asher BlackDeer A. Histories of violence among clients seeking substance use disorder treatment: a systematic mapping review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1307641. [PMID: 38505794 PMCID: PMC10948608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1307641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a limited literature base regarding the intersection of drug and alcohol treatment, violence, and trauma. While research substantiates that exposure to violence and trauma impacts the propensity to misuse substances, the conceptualization in clinical trials and practice has largely been narrow and gendered, referring only to intimate partner or domestic violence. Our systematic mapping review explored a more inclusive and expansive review of survivors of and perpetrators of violence and trauma (e.g., intimate partner violence, sexual assault, stalking, child abuse, political and community violence, criminal violence, micro violence, structural violence, and oppression) to establish: 1) the types of treatment settings included in intervention studies, 2) the common indicators of success or common outcomes recorded, and 3) understanding who is seeking treatment for drug and alcohol use with histories of violence. Methods A systematic mapping review was conducted to identify any peer-reviewed articles published from 2011 to 2022. The Web of Science database was searched using a broad set of Boolean search terms related to violence, substance use disorders, and treatment. Over 8,800 records were identified from the systematic review with a total of 48 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results Most studies in this review included populations reporting perpetration of violence (n=23, 48%) versus participants reporting survival of trauma/violence (n=17, 35%). Results also indicated female identifying populations (n=19; 40%) were predominantly served, were treated in the US (n=33; 69%) and seen in an outpatient setting (n=24; 50%). Authors also were attentive to studies that included sexual and gender minorities and discovered only three studies (6%) explicitly acknowledging inclusion of transgender participants or participants in relationship with partners of the same sex; three more studies (6%) were focused on participants with histories of or engaging in sex work. Discussion This review outlines treatment and research implications directly situated in the gap of service delivery found in this review. Specifically, the results elucidate the impact on minoritized and excluded identities based on gender, sexual preference, criminal legal status and directions for research and treatment to increase inclusion, representation, and equity across research and treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beeler
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olivia Gerrish
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - B. Grantham Aldred
- University Library, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sharps P, Bullock L, Perrin N, Campbell J, Hill K, Kanu I, Norling M, Russell NG. Comparison of different methods of screening to identify intimate partner violence: A randomized controlled trial. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:328-337. [PMID: 38265246 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for intimate partner violence in the home is often challenging due to the lack of privacy. The aim of this study was to compare two different screening methods (paper-pencil vs. tablet) for identifying intimate partner violence during perinatal home visits. DESIGN Randomized control trial. SAMPLE Pregnant women (N = 416) in perinatal home visiting programs were randomized to either paper-pencil or computer assisted, intimate partner violence screening. MEASUREMENTS The Abuse Assessment Screen was used to screen for physical and sexual IPV and Women's Experiences with Battering for emotional intimate partner violence. RESULTS No significant differences in prevalence were found between the screening methods. Intimate partner violence prevalence rates for the year before and/or during pregnancy using paper-pencil was 21.8% versus 24.5% using tablets (p = .507). There were significant differences in prevalence among the three race/ethnic groups (Caucasian, 36.9%; African American, 26.7%; Hispanics, 10.6%; p < .001) and significant differences in rates across three geographical areas: urban 16.0%; rural 27.6%, suburban women 32.3% (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that both methods are useful for identifying intimate partner violence during perinatal home visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Sharps
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Bullock
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Campbell
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Hill
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Iye Kanu
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meg Norling
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nancy G Russell
- Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Austin AE, Naumann RB, DiPrete BL, Geary S, Proescholdbell SK, Jones-Vessey K. Pregnancy-associated homicide, suicide and unintentional opioid-involved overdose deaths, North Carolina 2018-2019. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045112. [PMID: 38195655 PMCID: PMC11231051 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of death due to homicide, suicide and overdose during pregnancy and the first year postpartum have increased substantially in the USA in recent years. The aims of this study were to use 2018-2019 data on deaths identified for review by the North Carolina Maternal Mortality Review Committee (NC-MMRC), data from the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) and data from the Statewide Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (NC-SUDORS) to examine homicide, suicide and unintentional opioid-involved overdose deaths during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. METHODS We linked data from the 2018-2019 NC-MMRC to suicide and homicide deaths among women ages 10-50 years from the 2018-2019 NC-VDRS and to unintentional opioid-involved overdose deaths among women ages 10-50 years from the 2018-2019 NC-SUDORS. We conducted descriptive analyses to examine the prevalence of demographic characteristics and the circumstances surrounding each cause of death. RESULTS From 2018 to 2019 in North Carolina, there were 23 homicides, nine suicides and 36 unintentional opioid-involved overdose deaths (9.7, 3.8 and 15.1 per 100 000 live births, respectively) during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Most homicide deaths (87.0%) were by firearm, and more than half (52.5%) were related to intimate partner violence. More than two-thirds of women who died by suicide had a current mental health problem (77.8%). Less than one-fourth (22.2%) of those who died by unintentional opioid-involved overdose had a known history of substance use disorder treatment. CONCLUSION Our approach to quantifying and describing these causes of pregnancy-associated death can serve as a framework for other states to inform data-driven prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Austin
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany L DiPrete
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shana Geary
- Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott K Proescholdbell
- Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen Jones-Vessey
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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