Epidemiological Features of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). Communication 1: Modes of Implementation of Preventive and Anti-Epidemic Measures

Analysis of the Epidemiological Situation on the Pneumonia with Signs of Coronavirus Infection among the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan

New coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), as well as pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection, continues to spread around the world, but the epidemiological situation is not the same in different countries. The aim of the study: to analyze the epidemiological situation of coronavirus infection and pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Material and methods of the research: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of coronavirus infection and pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the republic according to official statistical reporting, as well as a statistical analysis of discharge records of patients diagnosed with coronavirus infection (no virus identified) in a small town of Karaganda region was carried out. Results: An increase in cases, sick persons, recovered persons and lethal cases in population with positive PCR for COVID-19, as well as pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan was registered for the period from 08/01/2020 to 12/31/2021. The number of cases of coronavirus increased in 10.93 time, those who recovered – in 15.78 times, deaths – in 16.4 time, respectively. The increase in the number of cases of pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection also increased in 16.24 time, the number of those who recovered at the beginning of the observation was not established, by the end the number of recovered was 76,989 people, the number of deaths increased in 173.83 time. Conclusion: An analysis of the discharge records of patients with pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection revealed that 54.2% of the patients were females and 45.8% were males. The disease was registered in 21.8% of patients older than 60 years in the presence of concomitant diseases. Concomitant diseases were represented in 42% by arterial hypertension, in 26% by ischemic heart disease, in 14% by pyelonephritis. The same percentage of cases (12%) were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and iron deficiency anemia, 11%

Epidemiological Situation on COVID-19 in Irkutsk Region and Forecast for its Spread

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.

Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.

Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).

Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks. 

Epidemiological Peculiarities of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-2019). Communication 2: Peculiarities of epidemic process development in conjunction with performed anti-epidemic measures around the world and in the Russian Federation

The review presents the analysis of the data on the spread of COVID-19 around the world and in Russia available as of June 15, 2020. Dynamics and geographical dissemination of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation is considered. The structure of incidence by gender and age is presented. Assessment of the key epidemiological parameters (morbidity rates and lethality) is provided. The effectiveness of the response measures conducted to control COVID-19 is discussed.