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Mazzella FM, Zhang Y, Bauer TW. Update on the role of pathology and laboratory medicine in diagnosing periprosthetic infection. Hum Pathol 2024; 147:5-14. [PMID: 38280657 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Technological and implant design advances have helped reduce the frequency of aseptic total joint arthroplasty failure, but periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remain a clinical important problem with high patient morbidity. Misinterpreting PJI as aseptic mechanical loosening commonly leads to unsatisfactory revision arthroplasty, persistent infection, and poor long-term results. While there is no single "gold standard" diagnostic test for PJI, recent collaborative efforts by Orthopaedic and Infectious Disease Societies have developed algorithms for diagnosing PJI. However, the efficacy of individual tests as well as diagnostic thresholds are controversial. We review the recommended thresholds for commonly used screening tests as well as tissue histopathology and confirmatory tests to diagnose periprosthetic infection. We also update lesser-known laboratory tests, and we briefly summarize rapidly evolving molecular tests to diagnose periprosthetic infection. Pathologists hold a critical role in assisting with PJI diagnosis, maintaining laboratory test quality and interpreting test results. Collaboration between clinicians and pathologists is essential to provide optimal patient care and reduce the burden of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermina M Mazzella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
| | - Yaxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sprecial Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, USA
| | - Thomas W Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Johns B, Dewar D, Loewenthal M, Manning L, Atrey A, Atri N, Campbell D, Dunbar M, Kandel C, Khoshbin A, Jones C, Lora-Tamayo J, McDougall C, Moojen D, Mulford J, Paterson D, Peel T, Solomon M, Young S, Davis J. A desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) for periprosthetic joint infection - a Delphi analysis. J Bone Jt Infect 2022; 7:221-229. [PMID: 36420109 PMCID: PMC9677339 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-7-221-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment outcomes in studies on prosthetic joint infection are generally assessed using a dichotomous outcome relating to treatment success or failure. These outcome measures neither include patient-centred outcome measures including joint function and quality of life, nor do they account for adverse effects of treatment. A desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) measure can include these factors and has previously been proposed and validated for other serious infections. We aimed to develop a novel DOOR for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Methods: The Delphi method was used to develop a DOOR for PJI research. An international working group of 18 clinicians (orthopaedic surgeons and infectious disease specialists) completed the Delphi process. The final DOOR comprised the dimensions established to be most important by consensus with > 75 % of participant agreement. Results: The consensus DOOR comprised four main dimensions. The primary dimension was patient-reported joint function. The secondary dimensions were infection cure and mortality. The final dimension of quality of life was selected as a tie-breaker. Discussion: A desirability of outcome ranking for periprosthetic joint infection has been proposed. It focuses on patient-centric outcome measures of joint function, cure and quality of life. This DOOR provides a multidimensional assessment to comprehensively rank outcomes when comparing treatments for prosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton P. Johns
- The Bone and Joint Institute, Royal Newcastle Centre, New Lambton
Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW,
Australia
| | - David C. Dewar
- The Bone and Joint Institute, Royal Newcastle Centre, New Lambton
Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW,
Australia
| | - Mark R. Loewenthal
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Newcastle
Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW,
Australia
| | - Laurens A. Manning
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amit Atrey
- Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, OT, Canada
| | - Nipun Atri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David G. Campbell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Dunbar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Halifax Infirmary & Dalhusie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christopher Kandel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir Khoshbin
- Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, OT, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation Western Australia and Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jaime Lora-Tamayo
- Instituto de investigación, imas12 (CIBERINFEC), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine McDougall
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dirk Jan F. Moojen
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Mulford
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - David L. Paterson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trisha Peel
- Department of Infectious Disease, Monash University and Alfred
Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon W. Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Auckland, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Newcastle
Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW,
Australia
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Otero JE, Brown TS, Courtney PM, Kamath AF, Nandi S, Fehring KA. What's New in Musculoskeletal Infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1228-1235. [PMID: 35700085 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Otero
- OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Timothy S Brown
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Atul F Kamath
- Orthopaedic & Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sumon Nandi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Keith A Fehring
- OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Sinagra ZP, Davis JS, Lorimer M, de Steiger RN, Graves SE, Yates P, Manning L. The accuracy of reporting of periprosthetic joint infection to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Bone Jt Open 2022; 3:367-373. [PMID: 35510423 PMCID: PMC9134838 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.35.bjo-2022-0011.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims National joint registries under-report revisions for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We aimed to validate PJI reporting to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Arthroplasty Registry (AOANJRR) and the factors associated with its accuracy. We then applied these data to refine estimates of the total national burden of PJI. Methods A total of 561 Australian cases of confirmed PJI were captured by a large, prospective observational study, and matched to data available for the same patients through the AOANJRR. Results In all, 501 (89.3%) cases of PJI recruited to the prospective observational study were successfully matched with the AOANJRR database. Of these, 376 (75.0%) were captured by the registry, while 125 (25.0%) did not have a revision or reoperation for PJI recorded. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, early (within 30 days of implantation) PJIs were less likely to be reported (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.93; p = 0.020), while two-stage revision procedures were more likely to be reported as a PJI to the registry (OR 5.3 (95% CI 2.37 to 14.0); p ≤ 0.001) than debridement and implant retention or other surgical procedures. Based on this data, the true estimate of the incidence of PJI in Australia is up to 3,900 cases per year. Conclusion In Australia, infection was not recorded as the indication for revision or reoperation in one-quarter of those with confirmed PJI. This is better than in other registries, but suggests that registry-captured estimates of the total national burden of PJI are underestimated by at least one-third. Inconsistent PJI reporting is multifactorial but could be improved by developing a nested PJI registry embedded within the national arthroplasty registry. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):367–373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Sinagra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Michelle Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Limited, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard N. de Steiger
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Limited, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen E. Graves
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Limited, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Piers Yates
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
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