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Benita M, Menahem A, Rath A, Scharf I, Gottlieb D. Beyond adult models: Tribolium castaneum larval timekeeping reveals unexpected robustness and insights into circadian clock. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39126186 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are self-sustained endogenous oscillations that are found in all living organisms. In insects, circadian rhythms control a wide variety of behavioral and physiological processes, including feeding, locomotion, mating, and metabolism. While the role of circadian rhythms in adult insects is well-understood, it is largely unexplored in larvae. This study investigates the potential for larval synchronized activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a species exhibiting solitary and aggregation phases. We hypothesized that, similar to adults, larvae would exhibit a daily activity pattern governed by an endogenous circadian clock. We further predicted that the transition between the solitary and gregarious phases extends to unique temporal activity patterns. Our results revealed unique timekeeper gene expression in larvae, leading to a distinct daily rhythm characterized by nocturnal activity. Cues indicating on potential cannibalism did not change daily activity peak. However, the absence of these cues significantly reduced the proportion of rhythmic larvae and led to higher variation in peak activity, highlighting the crucial role of social interactions in shaping their rhythmicity. This study sheds light on the evolution and function of larval synchronization in group-living insects, offering novel insights into this complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Benita
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Menahem
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Animesha Rath
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Gottlieb
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Niepoth N, Ke G, de Roode JC, Groot AT. Comparing Behavior and Clock Gene Expression between Caterpillars, Butterflies, and Moths. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 33:52-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730417746458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Niepoth
- *Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gao Ke
- *Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C. de Roode
- *Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- *Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Hänniger S, Dumas P, Schöfl G, Gebauer-Jung S, Vogel H, Unbehend M, Heckel DG, Groot AT. Genetic basis of allochronic differentiation in the fall armyworm. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28264650 PMCID: PMC5339952 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known on how changes in circadian rhythms evolve. The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) consists of two strains that exhibit allochronic differentiation in their mating time, which acts as a premating isolation barrier between the strains. We investigated the genetic basis of the strain-specific timing differences to identify the molecular mechanisms of differentiation in circadian rhythms. RESULTS Through QTL analyses we identified one major Quantitative trait chromosome (QTC) underlying differentiation in circadian timing of mating activity. Using RADtags, we identified this QTC to be homologous to Bombyx mori C27, on which the clock gene vrille is located, which thus became the major candidate gene. In S. frugiperda, vrille showed strain-specific polymorphisms. Also, vrille expression differed significantly between the strains, with the rice-strain showing higher expression levels than the corn-strain. In addition, RT-qPCR experiments with the other main clock genes showed that pdp1, antagonist of vrille in the modulatory feedback loop of the circadian clock, showed higher expression levels in the rice-strain than in the corn-strain. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that the allochronic differentiation in the two strains of S. frugiperda is associated with differential transcription of vrille or a cis-acting gene close to vrille, which contributes to the evolution of prezygotic isolation in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Pascaline Dumas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Schöfl
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Fiedlerstr, 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffi Gebauer-Jung
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Unbehend
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Entomology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Fiedlerstr, 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Bernatowicz PP, Kotwica-Rolinska J, Joachimiak E, Sikora A, Polanska MA, Pijanowska J, Bębas P. Temporal Expression of the Clock Genes in the Water FleaDaphnia pulex(Crustacea: Cladocera). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 325:233-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr P. Bernatowicz
- Department of Paleobiology and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Kotwica-Rolinska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Department of Cell Biology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS; Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Sikora
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta A. Polanska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Pijanowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre; Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Bębas
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
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Tomioka K, Matsumoto A. Circadian molecular clockworks in non-model insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 7:58-64. [PMID: 32846680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of molecular genetic technology is promoting studies on the clock mechanism of various non-model insect species, revealing diversity and commonality of their molecular clock machinery. Like in Drosophila, their clocks generally consist of clock genes including period, timeless, Clock, and cycle, except for hymenopteran species which lack timeless in their genome. Unlike in Drosophila, however, some insects show vertebrate-like traits: The clock machinery involves mammalian type cryptochrome, cycle is rhythmically expressed, and Clock is constitutively expressed. Although the oscillatory mechanisms of the clock are still to be investigated in most insects, RNAi and genome editing technology should accelerate the study, leading toward understanding the origin of variable overt behavioral rhythms such as nocturnal, diurnal, and crepuscular activity rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tomioka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Biology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-1 Hiraga Gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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