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Liu S, Han C, Zhang Y. De novo assembly, characterization and comparative transcriptome analysis of gonads reveals sex-biased genes in Coreoperca whiteheadi. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101115. [PMID: 37579624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The wild Coreoperca whiteheadi is considered as the primordial species in sinipercine fish, which has valuable genetic information. Unfortunately, C. whiteheadi was listed as a near-threatened species because of the environmental pollution, over-exploitation and species invasion. Therefore, more genetic information is needed to have a better understanding of gonadal development in C. whiteheadi. Here, the first gonadal transcriptomes analysis of C. whiteheadi was conducted and 277.14 million clean reads were generated. A total of 96,753 unigenes were successfully annotated. By comparing ovary and testis transcriptomes, a total of 21,741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 12,057 were upregulated and 9684 were downregulated in testes. Among them, we also identified about 53 differentially expressed sex-biased genes. Subsequently, the expression of twenty-four DEGs were confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the histological analysis was conducted on ovaries and testes of one-year-old C. whiteheadi. Our results provided basic support for further studies on the function of sex-biased genes and the molecular mechanism of sex determination and reproduction in C. whiteheadi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China.
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Liu S, Lian Y, Song Y, Chen Q, Huang J. De Novo Assembly, Characterization and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Gonads of Jade Perch ( Scortum barcoo). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2254. [PMID: 37508032 PMCID: PMC10376888 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high meat yield and rich nutritional content, jade perch (Scortum barcoo) has become an important commercial aquaculture species in China. Jade perch has a slow growth rate, taking 3-4 years to reach sexual maturity, and has almost no difference in body size between males and females. However, the study of its gonad development and reproduction regulation is still blank, which limited the yield increase. Herein, the gonad transcriptomes of juvenile males and females of S. barcoo were identified for the first time. A total of 107,060 unigenes were successfully annotated. By comparing male and female gonad transcriptomes, a total of 23,849 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 9517 were downregulated, and 14,332 were upregulated in the testis. In addition, a large number of DEGs involved in sex differentiation, gonadal development and differentiation and gametogenesis were identified, and the differential expression patterns of some genes were further verified using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results of this study will provide a valuable resource for further studies on sex determination and gonadal development of S. barcoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingying Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Fine structure of micropylar regions of Cobitis hankugensis, Iksookimia longicorpa and their unisexual natural hybrids. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:516-521. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Iksookimia longicorpa and Cobitis hankugensis are two species of fish distributed only on the Korean Peninsula. They have a unique reproductive ecology that naturally hybridizes into three widely known unisexual types, maintaining populations of almost all females. In this study, the fine structure of the micropyles of I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and their hybrids was analyzed to find out how egg–sperm interaction, a common interspecies isolation mechanism, is possible between heterogeneous species. Analysis of 30 eggs from five females of each species revealed that all had one funnel-shaped micropylar region and a manhole-shaped micropyle canal. With the exception of C. hankugensis, which had no spiral grooves or ridges, the rest had counterclockwise spiral grooves and ridges on the micropylar region. All five species, however, showed identical groove patterns for the micropyle canal. The egg size was the largest in HL (one from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) and the smallest in C. hankugensis. In the hybrids, the HL type had the largest egg and HHL (two from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) type the smallest. For the diameter of the micropylar region and micropyle canal, the diploid I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and HL were smaller than those of the triploid. In addition, as the ratio of the canal diameter to the eggs was lower in I. longicorpa than in C. hankugensis, it was confirmed that I. longicorpa has a relatively small micropyle canal compared with C. hankugensis.
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Yamaguchi F, Fujimoto T, Suzuki H, Tanaka H, Murakami M, Yamaha E, Arai K. Diploid and aneuploid sperm in tetraploid ginbuna, Carassius auratus langsdorfii. Theriogenology 2021; 172:95-105. [PMID: 34147877 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfii (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)) occur in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid forms in wild populations. Diploid females reproduce bisexually, whereas polyploid (triploid and tetraploid) females reproduce gynogenetically with no contribution from sperm nuclei. However, tetraploid males produce diploid sperm. The mechanism responsible for the differences in egg and sperm ploidy has not been elucidated as tetraploid males are rare in wild populations. Here, we aimed to characterize the types of sperm and elucidate the mechanism of spermatogenesis in ginbuna. In the present study, we artificially produced tetraploid males by crossbreeding triploid ginbuna females with diploid goldfish (Carassius auratusauratus) males via accidental incorporation of sperm nuclei. We then examined spermatogenesis to reveal the process by which reduced diploid sperm are generated from tetraploid germ cells. DNA fingerprinting by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR indicated that the tetraploid progeny had a paternally derived genome. For the tetraploid male sperm, there were narrow (N-type) and broad (B-type) flow cytometrical histograms. The N-type were determined to be diploid with a low coefficient of variation (CV) by flow cytometry. The B-type were found to be aneuploid (hypodiploid to hexaploid) with a high CV. The head sizes of B-type sperm were variable, whereas those of the N-type sperm were uniform. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) revealed that both the haploid and diploid B-type sperm were weakly motile compared with the haploid sperm of goldfish and the diploid N-type sperm of tetraploid males. Bivalents and various multivalents were observed in the meiotic configurations of diploid spermatogenesis. In aneuploid spermatogenesis, most of the chromosomes were unpaired univalents and there were very few bivalents. Our findings provide empirical evidence for two different types of spermatogenesis in tetraploid C. a. langsdorfii males. Meiotic synapses might explain the observed differences in the ploidy status of the two sperm types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Yamaguchi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Fujimoto
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroko Suzuki
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaha
- Nanae Fresh-Water Laboratory, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kim HT, Park JY. Comparative morphology and morphometry of the micropyle of two Korean rice-fishes, Oryzias latipes and Oryzias sinensis (Pisces, Adrianichthyidae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun T. Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, e-mail: ,
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, e-mail: ,
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Abstract
All animal oocytes are surrounded by a glycoproteinaceous egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that serves both structural and species-specific roles during fertilization. Egg coat glycoproteins polymerize into the extracellular matrix of the egg coat using a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the zona pellucida (ZP) domain-common to both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that the basic structural features of egg coats have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Egg coat proteins, as with other proteins involved in reproduction, are frequently found to be rapidly evolving. Given that gamete compatibility must be maintained for the fitness of sexually reproducing organisms, this finding is somewhat paradoxical and suggests a role for adaptive diversification in reproductive protein evolution. Here we review the structure and function of metazoan egg coat proteins, with an emphasis on the potential role their evolution has played in the creation and maintenance of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Killingbeck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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Mendelson TC, Imhoff VE, Venditti JJ. The accumulation of reproductive barriers during speciation: postmating barriers in two behaviorally isolated species of darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Evolution 2007; 61:2596-606. [PMID: 17894811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the manner in which reproductive barriers accumulate during lineage divergence is central to establishing general principles of species formation. One outstanding question is which isolating mechanisms form the first complete barrier to gene flow in a given lineage or under a particular set of conditions. To identify these initial reproductive barriers requires examining lineages in very early stages of divergence, before multiple reproductive barriers have evolved to completion. We quantified the strength of three postmating barriers in a pair of darter species and compared these estimates to each other and to the strength of behavioral isolation (BI) reported in a previous study. Results reveal no evidence of gametic incompatibility but intermediate levels of conspecific sperm precedence and hybrid inviability. As BI is nearly complete, our analysis comparing the strength of multiple reproductive barriers implicates the evolution of mate choice as central to both the origin and maintenance of these species. Further examination of ecological isolation and hybrid sterility is necessary to determine the role of these barriers in darter speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra C Mendelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
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Holt WV, Van Look KJW. Concepts in sperm heterogeneity, sperm selection and sperm competition as biological foundations for laboratory tests of semen quality. Reproduction 2004; 127:527-35. [PMID: 15129008 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stringent selection mechanisms, in both internal and external fertilisation systems, reject all but a significant minority of the spermatozoa released at ejaculation. Sperm competition theory provides circumstantial evidence that the selection process involves mechanisms by which the quality of the fertilising spermatozoon is controlled, thereby ensuring that females and their offspring receive high quality genetic material. In this review we examine some of these selection processes to see whether they could be exploited for the improvement of laboratory tests of sperm quality. Such tests are not only required for clinical and agricultural purposes, but are increasingly needed in fields such as reproductive and environmental toxicology where the species requirement is much broader. Despite many years of research, sperm quality assessment methods continue to provide imprecise data about fertility; here we suggest that this may be a consequence of using tests that focus on the spermatozoa that would normally be unable to fertilise under natural conditions.To achieve fertilisation a spermatozoon must be capable of responding appropriately to external signalling stimuli; those involving protein kinase-regulated flagellar function seem especially influential in governing effects ranging from non-Mendelian inheritance in mammals to sperm chemotaxis in sea urchins. Examination of the elicited responses reveals considerable heterogeneity in all species. Here we propose that this level of heterogeneity is meaningful both in terms of understanding how spermatozoa from some individuals possess fertility advantages over spermatozoa from their rivals in sperm competition, and in that the heterogeneity should be exploitable in the development of more accurate laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Holt
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
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Inoue K, Takei Y. Asian medaka fishes offer new models for studying mechanisms of seawater adaptation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 136:635-45. [PMID: 14662290 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a freshwater (FW) teleost that is popular throughout the world for laboratory use. In this paper, we discuss the utility of Japanese medaka and related species for studying mechanisms of seawater (SW) adaptation. In addition to general advantages as an experimental animal such as their daily spawning activity, transparency of embryos, short generation time and established transgenic techniques, Japanese medaka have some adaptability to SW unlike the strictly stenohaline zebrafish (Danio rerio). Since other species in the genus Oryzias exhibit different degrees of adaptability to SW, comparative studies between Japanese medaka, where molecular-biological and genetic information is abundant, and other Oryzias species are expected to present varying approaches to solving the problems of SW adaptation. We introduce some examples of interspecies comparison for SW adaptabilities both in adult fish and in embryos. Oryzias species are good models for evolutionary, ecological and zoogeographical studies and a relationship between SW adaptability and geographic distribution has been suggested. Medaka fishes may thus deliver new insights into our understanding of how fish have expanded their distribution to a wide variety of osmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inoue
- Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Howard
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001; e-mail:
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