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Fliniaux I, Marchand G, Molinaro C, Decloquement M, Martoriati A, Marin M, Bodart JF, Harduin-Lepers A, Cailliau K. Diversity of sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins in gametes and at fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982931. [PMID: 36340022 PMCID: PMC9630641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of 9-carbon monosaccharides with particular physicochemical properties. They modulate the biological functions of the molecules that carry them and are involved in several steps of the reproductive process. Sialoglycoproteins participate in the balance between species recognition and specificity, and the mechanisms of these aspects remain an issue in gametes formation and binding in metazoan reproduction. Sialoglycoproteins form a specific coat at the gametes surface and specific polysialylated chains are present on marine species oocytes. Spermatozoa are submitted to critical sialic acid changes in the female reproductive tract facilitating their migration, their survival through the modulation of the female innate immune response, and the final oocyte-binding event. To decipher the role of sialic acids in gametes and at fertilization, the dynamical changes of enzymes involved in their synthesis and removal have to be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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2
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Sato T, Arimura T, Murata K, Kawamura M, Obama W, Suzuki M, Nakauchi Y, Tominaga A, Morita M, Hiraoka K, Takayama-Watanabe E, Watanabe A. Differences of Extracellular Cues and Ca 2+ Permeable Channels in the Signaling Pathways for Inducing Amphibian Sperm Motility. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:343-351. [PMID: 34342955 DOI: 10.2108/zs200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low osmolality of freshwater and/or sperm motility-initiating substance (SMIS) induce amphibian sperm motility through increases in intracellular Ca2+. In the internally fertilizing newt Cynops pyrrhogaster, the sperm motility-initiating substance engages T type voltage-dependent Ca2 + channels and N-methyl D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors to initiate sperm motility and L type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to enhance motility. In the present study, differences in the usages of SMIS and Ca2+ permeable channels for sperm motility regulation were examined in amphibians that undergo different reproductive modes. Proteins of 14-17 kDa were detected by antibody against the active site peptide of SMIS in the oviduct secretion of internal fertilizers (C. pyrrhogaster, Cynops ensicauda, and Ambystoma mexicanum) and arboreal fertilizers (Rhacophorus arboreus and Rhacophorus schlegelii), but not in Buergeria japonica, an external fertilizer in freshwater. In the pharmacological study, a blocker of some transient receptor potential channels (RN1734) additionally suppressed enhancement of sperm motility in C. pyrrhogaster. In R. schlegelii, blockers of four types of channels differently suppressed sperm motility induced by low osmolality with or without the active site peptide of SMIS. Notably, blockers of L type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (nifedipine) and N-methyl D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (MK801) suppressed sperm motility in the presence and the absence of the peptide, respectively. Low osmolality-induced sperm motility was suppressed by RN1734 and MK801 in B. japonica, but not in Xenopus laevis. These results reveal complex differences in the signaling pathways for inducing sperm motility that may be partly related to reproductive modes in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sato
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arimura
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Center for Health & the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Maako Kawamura
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Wataru Obama
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Megumu Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuni Nakauchi
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tominaga
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Masaya Morita
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hiraoka
- Expo Memorial Tsukuba Advanced Technology Center, Fujikin Incorporated, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Faculty of Science, Biological Division, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan,
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Pitnick S, Wolfner MF, Dorus S. Post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:365-392. [PMID: 31737992 PMCID: PMC7643048 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must spend a minimum period of time within a female reproductive tract to achieve the capacity to fertilize oocytes. This phenomenon, termed sperm 'capacitation', was discovered nearly seven decades ago and opened a window into the complexities of sperm-female interaction. Capacitation is most commonly used to refer to a specific combination of processes that are believed to be widespread in mammals and includes modifications to the sperm plasma membrane, elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, hyperactivation of motility, and, eventually, the acrosome reaction. Capacitation is only one example of post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS) that are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Although PEMS are less well studied in non-mammalian taxa, they likely represent the rule rather than the exception in species with internal fertilization. These PEMS are diverse in form and collectively represent the outcome of selection fashioning complex maturational trajectories of sperm that include multiple, sequential phenotypes that are specialized for stage-specific functionality within the female. In many cases, PEMS are critical for sperm to migrate successfully through the female reproductive tract, survive a protracted period of storage, reach the site of fertilization and/or achieve the capacity to fertilize eggs. We predict that PEMS will exhibit widespread phenotypic plasticity mediated by sperm-female interactions. The successful execution of PEMS thus has important implications for variation in fitness and the operation of post-copulatory sexual selection. Furthermore, it may provide a widespread mechanism of reproductive isolation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Despite their possible ubiquity and importance, the investigation of PEMS has been largely descriptive, lacking any phylogenetic consideration with regard to divergence, and there have been no theoretical or empirical investigations of their evolutionary significance. Here, we (i) clarify PEMS-related nomenclature; (ii) address the evolutionary origin, maintenance and divergence in PEMS in the context of the protracted life history of sperm and the complex, selective environment of the female reproductive tract; (iii) describe taxonomically widespread types of PEMS: sperm activation, chemotaxis and the dissociation of sperm conjugates; (iv) review the occurence of PEMS throughout the animal kingdom; (v) consider alternative hypotheses for the adaptive value of PEMS; (vi) speculate on the evolutionary implications of PEMS for genomic architecture, sexual selection, and reproductive isolation; and (vii) suggest fruitful directions for future functional and evolutionary analyses of PEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mariana F. Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steve Dorus
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Endo D, Kon S, Sato T, Toyama F, Katsura Y, Nakauchi Y, Takayama-Watanabe E, Watanabe A. NMDA-type glutamate receptors mediate the acrosome reaction and motility initiation in newt sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1106-1115. [PMID: 31215127 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl d-aspartate type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) is a ligand-gated cation channel that causes Ca2+ influx in nerve cells. An NMDAR agonist is effective to the sperm motility in fowls, although the actual role of NMDAR in sperm function is unknown. In the present study, RNA-seq of the spermatogenic testes suggested the presence of NMDAR in the sperm of the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. Glutamate of at least 0.7 ± 0.5 mM was detected in the egg-jelly substances along with acrosome reaction-inducing substance (ARIS) and sperm motility-initiating substance (SMIS). In the egg-jelly extract (JE) that included the ARIS and SMIS, the acrosome reaction was inhibited by a NMDAR antagonists, memantine and MK801. MK801 also inhibited the spontaneous acrosome reaction in Steinberg's salt solution (ST). Furthermore, memantine and MK801 suppressed the progressive motility of the sperm in JE and spontaneous waving of the undulating membrane, which is the tail structure giving thrust for forward motility, in ST. The spontaneous waving of the undulating membrane was promoted when Mg2+ , which blocks Ca2+ influx through gated NMDARs, was removed from the ST. In addition, the ARIS-induced acrosome reaction was inhibited by a selective antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, whose activation might result in the membrane depolarization to release Mg2+ from the NMDAR. These results suggest that NMDAR acts together with other cation channels in the induction of the acrosome reaction and motility of the sperm during the fertilization process of C. pyrrhogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Endo
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kon
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tae Sato
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fubito Toyama
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yohei Katsura
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuni Nakauchi
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Biological Division, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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5
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Abstract
All animal oocytes are surrounded by a glycoproteinaceous egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that serves both structural and species-specific roles during fertilization. Egg coat glycoproteins polymerize into the extracellular matrix of the egg coat using a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the zona pellucida (ZP) domain-common to both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that the basic structural features of egg coats have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Egg coat proteins, as with other proteins involved in reproduction, are frequently found to be rapidly evolving. Given that gamete compatibility must be maintained for the fitness of sexually reproducing organisms, this finding is somewhat paradoxical and suggests a role for adaptive diversification in reproductive protein evolution. Here we review the structure and function of metazoan egg coat proteins, with an emphasis on the potential role their evolution has played in the creation and maintenance of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Killingbeck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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6
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Postcopulatory Reproductive Strategies in Spermatozoa. DIVERSITY AND COMMONALITY IN ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Yanagimachi R, Cherr G, Matsubara T, Andoh T, Harumi T, Vines C, Pillai M, Griffin F, Matsubara H, Weatherby T, Kaneshiro K. Sperm Attractant in the Micropyle Region of Fish and Insect Eggs1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:47. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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8
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Watanabe A, Takayama-Watanabe E, Vines CA, Cherr GN. Sperm motility-initiating substance in newt egg-jelly induces differential initiation of sperm motility based on sperm intracellular calcium levels. Dev Growth Differ 2011; 53:9-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2010.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Mansour N, Lahnsteiner F, Patzner R. Collection of gametes from live axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, and standardization of in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2011; 75:354-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Ohta M, Kubo H, Nakauchi Y, Watanabe A. Sperm Motility-Initiating Activity in the Egg Jelly of the Externally-Fertilizing Urodele Amphibian,Hynobius lichenatus. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:875-9. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Watanabe A, Fukutomi K, Kubo H, Ohta M, Takayama-Watanabe E, Onitake K. Identification of egg-jelly substances triggering sperm acrosome reaction in the newt,Cynops pyrrhogaster. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:399-406. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Hirohashi N, Kamei N, Kubo H, Sawada H, Matsumoto M, Hoshi M. Egg and sperm recognition systems during fertilization. Dev Growth Differ 2008; 50 Suppl 1:S221-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2008.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Hiyoshi W, Sasaki T, Takayama-Watanabe E, Takai H, Watanabe A, Onitake K. Egg jelly of the newt,Cynops pyrrhogaster contains a factor essential for sperm binding to the vitelline envelope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 307:301-11. [PMID: 17366620 DOI: 10.1002/jez.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The acrosome reaction of newt sperm is induced at the surface of egg jelly and the acrosome-reacted sperm acquire the ability to bind to the vitelline envelope. However, because the substance that induces the acrosome reaction has not been identified, the mechanism by which the acrosome-reacted sperm bind to the vitelline envelope remains unclear. We found here that a Dolichos biforus agglutinin (DBA) specifically mimicked the acrosome reaction immediately upon its addition in the presence of milimolar level Ca(2+). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled DBA bound specifically to the acrosomal cap of the intact sperm in the presence of a Ca(2+)-chelating agent, EDTA, suggesting that binding of DBA to the native receptor for the egg jelly substance on the acrosomal region took the place of the egg jelly substance-induced acrosome reaction. In contrast, the sperm that had been acrosome reacted by DBA treatment did not bind to the vitelline envelope of the egg whose jelly layers were removed. Subsequent addition of jelly extract caused the sperm binding to vitelline envelope, indicating that the egg jelly of the newt contains substances that are involved in not only inducing the acrosome reaction but also binding to the vitelline envelope. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of egg jelly substance in the binding of acrosome-reacted sperm to the vitelline envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hiyoshi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Takahashi S, Nakazawa H, Watanabe A, Onitake K. The outermost layer of egg-jelly is crucial to successful fertilization in the newt,Cynops pyrrhogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 305:1010-7. [PMID: 17068800 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The significance of egg-jelly layers in internal fertilization was evaluated in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. In this species, six egg-jelly layers, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5 and the outermost J6 layers, are accumulated on the surface of the fertilizable eggs in pars convoluta of the oviduct. When a large number of sperm (about 6 x 10(5)) were placed on eggs having different numbers of jelly layers, all the eggs were fully fertilized, although many of the eggs developed abnormally. Upon insemination using about 600 sperm, only eggs with the full set of jelly layers were fertilized at a high rate with normal development. Since around 300 (the range of 48-1,192) sperm were observed on and in the egg-jelly in naturally spawned eggs, we conclude that the J6 layer must be present on the outermost surface of the egg-jelly for successful internal fertilization of the newt. Previous studies have suggested that the J6 layer is a prerequisite for the initiation of sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. In the present study, the fertilization rate decreased in eggs with a full set of jelly layers when inseminated using acrosome-reacted and motile sperm. However, the fertilization rate was high when motile sperm with intact acrosome was used. These results suggest that induction of the sperm acrosome reaction in the J6 layer is an important step in the internal fertilization of the newt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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Ueda Y, Kubo H, Iwao Y. Characterization of the acrosome reaction-inducing substance in Xenopus (ARISX) secreted from the oviductal pars recta onto the vitelline envelope. Dev Biol 2003; 264:289-98. [PMID: 14623249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Xenopus sperm undergo an acrosome reaction on the vitelline envelope (VE) in response to the materials secreted from the oviductal pars recta [Dev. Biol. 243 (2002), 55]. A monoclonal antibody against the acrosome reaction-inducing substance in Xenopus (ARISX) was obtained by immunizing mice with pars recta extract (PRE). The acrosome reaction by PRE or on the VE was effectively inhibited by the intact anti-ARISX antibody as well as its Fab fragment, indicating that the antibody recognizes the epitopes localized on the acrosome reaction-inducing substance. On Western blots, the anti-ARISX antibody recognized a molecule with an apparent molecular mass of 300 kDa in PRE and in the VE, but this molecule was not detected in the coelomic envelope. The amount of ARISX in PRE was increased by the treatment of females with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Periodate oxidation of PRE completely abolished the acrosome reaction-inducing activity, indicating the involvement of the carbohydrate moieties of ARISX in inducing the acrosome reaction. On immunofluorescence observation, ARISX was localized in the epithelial cells in the posterior region of the pars recta and on the VE as fibrous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ueda
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, 753-8512 Yamaguchi, Japan
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Watanabe T, Itoh T, Watanabe A, Onitake K. Characteristics of sperm motility induced on the egg-jelly in the internal fertilization of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Zoolog Sci 2003; 20:345-52. [PMID: 12692394 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.20.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most urodeles undergo internal fertilization and sperm are directly inseminated onto the surface of egg-jelly. Feature of sperm motility induced on the egg-jelly was examined in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. When sperm were directly inseminated onto an egg-jelly, sperm motility was immediately induced on its surface. The egg-jelly of C. pyrrhogaster was composed of six sublayers that were added by turns in oviduct. When the eggs with various sets of the sublayers were obtained and sperm were inseminated onto the egg-jelly, the immediate activity for the initiation of sperm motility was observed only on the outermost sublayer. Similarly, the immediate initiation of sperm motility was induced in the sperm suspended in the extract of the egg-jelly (JE). The initiation of sperm motility was affected by the external pH, and the motility was activated in the moving sperm. A K(+)-channel antagonist, charybdotoxin (CTX), or a Ca(2+)-channel antagonist, gallopamil inhibited the initiation of sperm motility in a dose dependent manner. These results demonstrated the feature of the mechanism regulating sperm motility under stable surroundings in the internal fertilization of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Watanabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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