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Redjdal A, Sahnoune M, Moali A, De Biseau JC. High Divergence of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Hybridization Success in Two Allopatric Seven-Spot Ladybugs. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:103-115. [PMID: 36749496 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The seven-spotted ladybug is a widespread species in the Palearctic, and also acclimated in the Nearctic. It has been classified into different species on the basis of certain morphological characteristics, the geographical origin, and the genitalia structure of both sexes. The morphotypes of North Africa and the Canary Islands are separated, under the name of Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977, from the rest of the Palearctic and Nearctic populations of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758. In this study, we investigated, on one hand, whether potential reproductive barriers have been established during evolution between the geographically isolated North African and the European seven-spotted ladybugs by performing reciprocal crosses. On the other hand, we assessed their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) divergence by GC-MS. The 33 CHCs indentified are with a skeleton of 23 to 32 carbon atoms. These CHCs are linear alkanes (24.9 ± 3.6%) and methyl-branched alkanes (75.1 ± 3.6%) including monomethylalkanes (48.8 ± 2.4%), dimethylalkanes (24.6 ± 4.0%) and trimethylalkanes (2.0 ± 1.0%). Although all the CHC compounds identified are present in the two seven-spotted ladybugs and their F1 and F2 hybrids, their profiles diverged significantly. However, these chemical divergences have not altered the sexual communication to cause reproductive isolation. The two ladybugs interbreed and leave viable and fertile offspring, with even a heterosis effect on reproductive performances, without phenotypic degradation after the F1 generation. So, these chemical differences are just an intraspecific variability in response to heterogeneous environments. The two types of ladybugs can be considered as two different races of the same species with reduced genetic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahcene Redjdal
- Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Et Environnement, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie.
| | - Mohamed Sahnoune
- Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Et Environnement, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Aïssa Moali
- Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Et Environnement, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Jean-Christophe De Biseau
- UR. Evolution Biologique Et Ecologie, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus du Solbosch - CP 160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Calla-Quispe E, Martel C, Ibáñez AJ. Chemical Signals Associated With Gender and Sexual Experience Affect Mating and the Attractiveness of the Poultry Pest, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1156-1163. [PMID: 35796144 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alphitobius diaperinus is one of the most significant pests in the poultry industry. Identifying the role of self-produced chemical signals can help control it. Here, we exposed adults to the olfactory signals of other adults of similar and different genders (either males or females) and sexual experiences (i.e., virgin and experienced) to assess their long-range attractiveness and, at short-range, their mating behavior responses (i.e., touching, mounting, and copulation). In olfactometric experiments, our results indicate that adults are attracted to the olfactory signals of other male adults, independently of gender, or sexual condition, indicating the presence of generalized long-range attractive signals, in contrast to female signals, can be both factor-dependent. However, in mating experiments, virgin males developed more robust mating responses (i.e., they mount and copulate longer with females) compared to sexually experienced males, even though they both have similar precopulatory behavioral responses (i.e., time of antennal and leg touching). These results address the importance of short-range chemical signals in eliciting copulation. Furthermore, when virgins of both genders were tested, their mating responses were significantly longer than any other pair combination, indicating that sexual experience also affects mating behavior. Chemical analyses of adult extracts showed that sexual experience, but not gender, is linked to differences in chemical profiles of adults, primarily involved in short-range signaling. These findings provide new insights into the attractiveness and mating responses of A. diaperinus and the role of sexual experience in shaping the behavior and chemical profile of insects that mate multiple times during their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calla-Quispe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Martel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
- Trait Diversity and Function, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo J Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
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Fujiwara-Tsujii N, Yasui H, Yasuda T, Wakamura S, Akino T, Fukaya M, Suzuki T, Hoshi T, Hagiwara H, Ono H. Contact Sex Pheromone Activity of Synthetic Gomadalactones in Male White-Spotted Longhorn Beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:440-446. [PMID: 30941560 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The elytra of females of the white-spotted longhorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are coated with a contact sex pheromone, which was previously shown to be composed of at least three chemical groups. Individually, the chemical groups had little pheromonal activity, but a blend of all three exhibited activity equal to that of the crude female extract. Two groups are female-specific aliphatic hydrocarbons and ketones, which were previously synthesized and confirmed to elicit mating behavior. The third group consists of three lactones, gomadalactones A, B, and C, whose chemical structures were previously identified. These have now been synthesized, and the contact sex pheromone activities of synthetic gomadalactones A, B, and C, and the diastereomer of gomadalactone C, were tested in bioassays in this study. When tested in combination with synthetic hydrocarbons and ketones at the same doses as found in female elytra extract, the individual gomadalactones and a blend showed potent pheromonal activity equivalent to that of the crude extract of the elytra of female beetles. This completes the identification of the essential components of the contact sex pheromone of A. malasiaca. Redundancy of components in the hydrocarbon and ketone groups required to elicit mating behavior was observed previously, and this was also true for the gomadalactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Fujiwara-Tsujii
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan. .,Chemical Ecology Group, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan.
| | - Hiroe Yasui
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.,Chemical Ecology Group, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yasuda
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.,Chemical Ecology Group, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Sadao Wakamura
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.,Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Akino
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.,Applied Insect Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Saga-ippongi-cho 1, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, 616-8354, Japan
| | - Midori Fukaya
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.,Laboratory of Forest Zoology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshio Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 2-Nocho, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshi
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 2-Nocho, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-Nocho, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ono
- Bioactive Compounds Team, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
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Buellesbach J, Vetter SG, Schmitt T. Differences in the reliance on cuticular hydrocarbons as sexual signaling and species discrimination cues in parasitoid wasps. Front Zool 2018; 15:22. [PMID: 29760760 PMCID: PMC5946414 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) have been documented to play crucial roles as species- and sex-specific cues in the chemical communication systems of a wide variety of insects. However, whether they are sufficient by themselves as the sole cue triggering sexual behavior as well as preference of con- over heterospecific mating partners is rarely assessed. We conducted behavioral assays in three representative species of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to determine their reliance on CHC as species-specific sexual signaling cues. Results We found a surprising degree of either unspecific or insufficient sexual signaling when CHC are singled out as recognition cues. Most strikingly, the cosmopolitan species Nasonia vitripennis, expected to experience enhanced selection pressure to discriminate against other co-occurring parasitoids, did not discriminate against CHC of a partially sympatric species from another genus, Trichomalopsis sarcophagae. Focusing on the latter species, in turn, it became apparent that CHC are even insufficient as the sole cue triggering conspecific sexual behavior, hinting at the requirement of additional, synergistic sexual cues particularly important in this species. Finally, in the phylogenetically and chemically most divergent species Muscidifurax uniraptor, we intriguingly found both CHC-based sexual signaling as well as species discrimination behavior intact although this species is naturally parthenogenetic with sexual reproduction only occurring under laboratory conditions. Conclusions Our findings implicate a discrepancy in the reliance on and specificity of CHC as sexual cues in our tested parasitioid wasps. CHC profiles were not sufficient for unambiguous discrimination and preference behavior, as demonstrated by clear cross-attraction between some of our tested wasp genera. Moreover, we could show that only in T. sarcophagae, additional behavioral cues need to be present for triggering natural mating behavior, hinting at an interesting shift in signaling hierarchy in this particular species. This demonstrates the importance of integrating multiple, potentially complementary signaling modalities in future studies for a better understanding of their individual contributions to natural sexual communication behavior. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-018-0263-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buellesbach
- 1Department of Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA.,4Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,5Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstr. 19 A, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian G Vetter
- 2Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstr. 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.,4Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- 3Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,4Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,5Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstr. 19 A, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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