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Pieplow CA, Furze AR, Wessel GM. A case of hermaphroditism in the gonochoristic sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, reveals key mechanisms of sex determination†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:960-973. [PMID: 36943312 PMCID: PMC10266946 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins are usually gonochoristic, with all of their five gonads either testes or ovaries. Here, we report an unusual case of hermaphroditism in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The hermaphrodite is self-fertile, and one of the gonads is an ovotestis; it is largely an ovary with a small segment containing fully mature sperm. Molecular analysis demonstrated that each gonad producedviable gametes, and we identified for the first time a somatic sex-specific marker in this phylum: Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1). This finding also enabled us to analyze the somatic tissues of the hermaphrodite, and we found that the oral tissues (including gut) were out of register with the aboral tissues (including tube feet) enabling a genetic lineage analysis. Results from this study support a genetic basis of sex determination in sea urchins, the viability of hermaphroditism, and distinguish gonad determination from somatic tissue organization in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo A Pieplow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aidan R Furze
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Casado-Navarro R, Serrano-Saiz E. DMRT Transcription Factors in the Control of Nervous System Sexual Differentiation. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:937596. [PMID: 35958734 PMCID: PMC9361473 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.937596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual phenotypic differences in the nervous system are one of the most prevalent features across the animal kingdom. The molecular mechanisms responsible for sexual dimorphism throughout metazoan nervous systems are extremely diverse, ranging from intrinsic cell autonomous mechanisms to gonad-dependent endocrine control of sexual traits, or even extrinsic environmental cues. In recent years, the DMRT ancient family of transcription factors has emerged as being central in the development of sex-specific differentiation in all animals in which they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of Dmrt genes in nervous system sexual regulation from an evolutionary perspective.
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Gatto KP, Timoshevskaya N, Smith JJ, Lourenço LB. Sequencing of laser captured Z and W chromosomes of the tocantins paradoxical frog (Pseudis tocantins) provides insights on repeatome and chromosomal homology. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1659-1674. [PMID: 35642451 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudis tocantins is the only frog species of the hylid genus Pseudis that possesses highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Z and W chromosomes of Ps. tocantins differ in size, morphology, position of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) and the amount and distribution of heterochromatin. A chromosomal inversion and heterochromatin amplification on the W chromosome were previously inferred to be involved in the evolution of this sex chromosome pair. Despite these findings, knowledge related to the molecular composition of the large heterochromatic band of this W chromosome is restricted to the PcP190 satellite DNA, and no data are available regarding the gene content of either the W or the Z chromosome of Ps. tocantins. Here, we sequenced microdissected Z and W chromosomes of this species to further resolve their molecular composition. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that Ps. tocantins sex chromosomes are likely homologous to chromosomes 4 and 10 of Xenopus tropicalis. Analyses of the repetitive DNA landscape in the Z and W assemblies allowed for the identification of several transposable elements and putative satellite DNA sequences. Finally, some transposable elements from the W assembly were found to be highly diverse and divergent from elements found elsewhere in the genome, suggesting a rapid amplification of these elements on the W chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb Pretto Gatto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Herpetology and Aquaculture Center, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Nataliya Timoshevskaya
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Shu Y, Zhang H, Cai Q, Tang D, Wang G, Liu T, Lv B, Wu H. Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of sex-biased miRNA-mRNA pairs in gonad tissues of the Chinese concave-eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:69-80. [PMID: 30964604 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese concave-eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota) is typically sexually dimorphic. Females are significantly less common than males in the wild. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation of frogs remain unclear. Here, we integrated mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles to reveal the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation in O. tormota. We identified 234 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 18,551 differentially expressed transcripts. Of these, 12,053 mRNAs and 64 miRNAs were upregulated in testes, and 6,498 mRNAs and 170 miRNAs were upregulated in ovaries. Integrated analysis of the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predicted 75,602 potential miRNA-mRNA interaction sites, with 42,065 negative miRNA-mRNA interactions. We found 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to reproduction and sex differentiation, of which 15 DEGs formed 92 negative miRNA-mRNA interactions with 34 known DEMs. Thus, miRNAs may play other important roles in O. tormota. Furthermore, Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed reproductive-related processes, such as the gonadotropinreleasing hormone signaling pathway and ovarian steroidogenesis. Based on functional annotation and the literature, the retinoic acid signaling pathway, the SOX9-AMH pathway, and the process of spermatogenesis may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation in O. tormota, and may be regulated by miRNAs. The miRNA-mRNA pairs described may provide further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms associated with reproduction and sex differentiation, and the molecular mechanism of reproduction in O. tormota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Qijia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Bihua Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Robledo D, Ribas L, Cal R, Sánchez L, Piferrer F, Martínez P, Viñas A. Gene expression analysis at the onset of sex differentiation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:973. [PMID: 26581195 PMCID: PMC4652359 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling sex ratios is essential for the aquaculture industry, especially in those species with sex dimorphism for relevant productive traits, hence the importance of knowing how the sexual phenotype is established in fish. Turbot, a very important fish for the aquaculture industry in Europe, shows one of the largest sexual growth dimorphisms amongst marine cultured species, being all-female stocks a desirable goal for the industry. Although important knowledge has been achieved on the genetic basis of sex determination (SD) in this species, the master SD gene remains unknown and precise information on gene expression at the critical stage of sex differentiation is lacking. In the present work, we examined the expression profiles of 29 relevant genes related to sex differentiation, from 60 up to 135 days post fertilization (dpf), when gonads are differentiating. We also considered the influence of three temperature regimes on sex differentiation. RESULTS The first sex-related differences in molecular markers could be observed at 90 days post fertilization (dpf) and so we have called that time the onset of sex differentiation. Three genes were the first to show differential expression between males and females and also allowed us to sex turbot accurately at the onset of sex differentiation (90 dpf): cyp19a1a, amh and vasa. The expression of genes related to primordial germ cells (vasa, gsdf, tdrd1) started to increase between 75-90 dpf and vasa and tdrd1 later presented higher expression in females (90-105 dpf). Two genes placed on the SD region of turbot (sox2, fxr1) did not show any expression pattern suggestive of a sex determining function. We also detected changes in the expression levels of several genes (ctnnb1, cyp11a, dmrt2 or sox6) depending on culture temperature. CONCLUSION Our results enabled us to identify the first sex-associated genetic cues (cyp19a1a, vasa and amh) at the initial stages of gonad development in turbot (90 dpf) and to accurately sex turbot at this age, establishing the correspondence between gene expression profiles and histological sex. Furthermore, we profiled several genes involved in sex differentiation and found specific temperature effects on their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Robledo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Cal
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ana Viñas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hu Y, Deng L, Zhang J, Fang X, Mei P, Cao X, Lin J, Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu R. A Pooling Genome-Wide Association Study Combining a Pathway Analysis for Typical Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in the Han Population of Chinese Mainland. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4302-18. [PMID: 26227905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) are mainly conducted in European and American populations at present, and the Han populations of Chinese mainland (HPCM) almost have not been studied yet. Here, we conducted a pooling GWAS combining a pathway analysis with 862,198 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms of IlluminaHumanOmniZhongHua-8 in 250 sPD and 250 controls from HPCM precluded toxicant exposure, age, and heavy coffee drinking habit interference. We revealed that among the 22 potential loci implicated, PRDM2/KIAA1026 (kgp8090149), TSG1/MANEA (kgp154172), PDE10A (kgp8130520), MDGA2 (rs9323124), ATPBD4/LOC100288892 (kgp11333367), ZFP64/TSHZ2 (kgp4156164), PAQR3/ARD1B (kgp9482779), FLJ23172/FNDC3B (kgp760898), C18orf1 (kgp348599), FLJ43860/NCRNA00051 (kgp4105983), CYP1B1/C2orf58 (kgp11353523), WNT9A/LOC728728 (rs849898), ANXA1/LOC100130911 (rs10746953), FLJ35379/LOC100132423 (kgp9550589), PLEKHN1 (kgp7172368), DMRT2/SMARCA2 (kgp10769919), ZNF396/INO80C (rs1362858), C3orf67/LOC339902 (rs6783485), LOC285194/IGSF11 (rs1879553), FGF10/MRPS30 (rs13153459), BARX1/PTPDC1 (kgp6542803), and COL5 A2 (rs11186), the peak significance was at the kgp4105983 of FLJ43860 gene in chromosome 8, the first top strongest associated locus with sPD was PRDM2 (kgp8090149) in chromosome 1, and the 24 pathways including 100 significantly associated genes were strongly associated with sPD from HPCM. The 40 genes were shared by at least two pathways. The most possible associated pathways with sPD were axon guidance, ECM-receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, tight junction, focal adhesion, gap junction, long-term depression, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, adherens junction, endocytosis, and protein digestion and absorption. Our results indicated that these loci, pathways, and their related genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of sPD from HPCM and provided some novel evidences for further searching the genetic pathogenesis of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Libing Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Puming Mei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Huazhong Technological University, Wuhan, 430006, Hubei, China
| | - Jiari Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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The roles of Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes in sex determination and differentiation mechanisms: Ubiquity and diversity across the animal kingdom. C R Biol 2015; 338:451-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Böhne A, Sengstag T, Salzburger W. Comparative transcriptomics in East African cichlids reveals sex- and species-specific expression and new candidates for sex differentiation in fishes. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 6:2567-85. [PMID: 25364805 PMCID: PMC4202336 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females of the same species differ largely in gene expression, which accounts for most of the morphological and physiological differences and sex-specific phenotypes. Here, we analyzed sex-specific gene expression in the brain and the gonads of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika belonging to four different lineages, so-called tribes (Eretmodini, Ectodini, Haplochromini, and Lamprologini), using the outgroup Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as reference. The comparison between male and female brains revealed few differences between the sexes, consistent in all investigated species. The gonads, on the other hand, showed a large fraction of differentially expressed transcripts with the majority of them showing the same direction of expression in all four species. All here-studied cichlids, especially the three investigated mouth-breeding species, showed a trend toward more male- than female biased transcripts. Transcripts, which were female-biased in expression in all four species, were overrepresented on linkage group (LG)1 in the reference genome and common male-biased transcripts showed accumulation on LG23, the presumable sex chromosomes of the Nile tilapia. Sex-specific transcripts contained candidate genes for sex determination and differentiation in fishes,especially members of the transforming growth factor-b-superfamily and the Wnt-pathway and also prominent members of the sox-, dm-domain-, and high mobility group-box families. We further confirmed our previous finding on species/lineage-specific gene expression shifts in the sex steroid pathway, including synthesizing enzymes as the aromatase cyp19a1 and estrogen and androgen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Böhne
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Thierry Sengstag
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and sciCORE Computing Center, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Ma L, Wang W, Yang X, Jiang J, Song H, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Qi J. Characterization of the Dmrt1 gene in the black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli revealed a remarkable sex-dimorphic expression. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1263-1274. [PMID: 24566822 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Dmrt genes encode a large family of transcription factors with a conserved zinc finger-like DNA-binding DM domain. The function of Dmrt1, one of the family members, in sexual development has been well studied in invertebrates and vertebrates. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of Dmrt1 was isolated from the testis of Sebastes schlegeli. The full-length cDNA of S. schlegeli Dmrt1 (SsDmrt1) was 1,587 bp and contained a 189-bp 5' UTR, a 489-bp 3' UTR and a 909-bp open reading frame, which encoded 302 amino acids with a conserved DM domain and an male-specific motif domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed the evolutionary relationships of SsDmrt1 with other known Dmrt genes in fish and tetrapods. Several transcriptional factor-binding sites in the 5' promoter were identified that might regulate SsDmrt1 expression. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that SsDmrt1 was expressed in all of the inspected larval developmental stages from 1 to 35 days after birth and that the level of expression gradually decreased. The expression of SsDmrt1 in adult gonads was sexually dimorphic with extremely high expression in the testis, but very low expression in the ovary. No expression was detected in other tissues. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that SsDmrt1 was specifically expressed in the germ cells of both the testis and the ovary. Thus, our results suggest that SsDmrt1 may have an important role in the differentiation of both the testis and the ovary of S. schlegeli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
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Gao J, Wang X, Zou Z, Jia X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Transcriptome analysis of the differences in gene expression between testis and ovary in green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:585. [PMID: 25015001 PMCID: PMC4124137 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is the most prevalent crustacean on the southeast coast of China. The molecular regulatory mechanism of sex determination and gonadal differentiation in this species has received considerable attention in recent years because of the huge differences—both biological and economic—between male and female crabs. In this study, next-generation sequencing technology was used to develop deep-coverage transcriptomic sequencing data for the testis and ovary of S. paramamosain. Results A total of 365,116 reads (testis 171,962, ovary 193,154) with an average sequence length of 285 bp were produced from testis and ovary cDNA libraries. After filtering out contaminating reads, the clean reads were assembled, producing a total of 21,791 isotigs and leaving 22,814 reads as singlets. Using the BLASTX program, 3,471 unique sequences (2,275 isotigs and 1,196 singletons) were annotated with known protein sequences from the NCBI non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence database. The Gene Ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses allowed the 224 unique sequences that were annotated with enzyme code (EC) numbers to be mapped into 174 KEGG pathways. After comparing the ovary and testis libraries, 4,021 gonad-differentially, 10,522 ovary-specifically, and 19,013 testis-specifically expressed genes were identified. Moreover, 33 ovary-specific, 14 testis-specific, and 34 gonad-differential transcripts were confirmed by semi-quantitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, 8,610 putative simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 23,879 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Conclusion This is the first large-scale RNA sequencing of S. paramamosain to be reported. We have identified many important functional genes and made a preliminary attempt to construct the regulatory network involved in the gonadal development of crustaceans. The annotated transcriptome data will provide fundamental support for future research into the reproduction biology of S. paramamosain. A large number of candidate SSRs and SNPs were detected, which could be used as genetic markers for population genetics and functional genomics in this species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-585) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, 361021 Xiamen, China.
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Duarte-Guterman P, Ryan MJ, Trudeau VL. Developmental expression of sex steroid- and thyroid hormone-related genes and their regulation by triiodothyronine in the gonad-mesonephros of a Neotropical frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:195-204. [PMID: 22487252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal differentiation in frogs is affected by sex steroids and thyroid hormones (THs); however, the genes controlling differentiation and the molecular effects of THs in the gonad are not clear and have only been investigated in a few anuran species. In this study, we established developmental profiles and TH regulation of sex steroid- and TH-related genes in the gonad-mesonephros complex (GMC) of the túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus), and compared the results to our previous research in another tropical frog, Silurana tropicalis. The developmental profiles allowed us to identify three genes as markers of ovarian development. During metamorphosis, aromatase (cyp19), estrogen receptor α, and steroid 5α-reductase 1 (srd5alpha1) were higher in the GMC of putative and morphological females. Acute exposure to triiodothyronine (T3) decreased GMC expression of srd5alpha1 and cyp19, while increasing TH-related genes in premetamorphic tadpoles. The regulation of sex steroid-related genes differed significantly from our previous study in S. tropicalis. P. pustulosus and S. tropicalis share ecological, developmental, and reproductive characteristics; however, they are not closely related. These results along with our previous research in the tadpole brain support the hypothesis that evolutionary convergence is not important in understanding differences in the effects of TH on sex steroid-related genes in frogs. Finally, we propose that T3 induces male gonadal development but this can be achieved through different mechanisms depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Zhang EF, Qiu GF. A novel Dmrt gene is specifically expressed in the testis of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Dev Genes Evol 2010; 220:151-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-010-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Sex chromosomes have evolved multiple times in many taxa. The recent explosion in the availability of whole genome sequences from a variety of organisms makes it possible to investigate sex chromosome evolution within and across genomes. Comparative genomic studies have shown that quite distant species may share fundamental properties of sex chromosome evolution, while very similar species can evolve unique sex chromosome systems. Furthermore, within-species genomic analyses can illuminate chromosome-wide sequence and expression polymorphisms. Here, we explore recent advances in the study of vertebrate sex chromosomes achieved using genomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Wilson
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Naimi A, Martinez AS, Specq ML, Mrac A, Diss B, Mathieu M, Sourdaine P. Identification and expression of a factor of the DM family in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hong CS, Park BY, Saint-Jeannet JP. The function of Dmrt genes in vertebrate development: It is not just about sex. Dev Biol 2007; 310:1-9. [PMID: 17720152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Dmrt genes encode a large family of transcription factors whose function in sexual development has been well studied in invertebrates and vertebrates. Their expression pattern is not restricted to the developing gonads, indicating that Dmrt genes might regulate other developmental processes. Here we review the expression pattern of several members of this family across species and summarize recent findings on the function of a subset of these genes in non-gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Hong
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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