1
|
Okati-Aliabad H, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Kargar S, Jabbari N. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among Adults in the Middle East Countries from 2000 to 2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Obes 2022; 2022:8074837. [PMID: 35154826 PMCID: PMC8831052 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8074837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a significant public health issue worldwide, and it is a major risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Middle East region and different countries in this region. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases were searched from 2000-2020 to identify relevant studies in the Middle East area. The survey was carried out using combinations of Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) keywords like "body mass index", "obesity", "overweight", "prevalence", "Middle-East", and "Countries in the Middle East area". Analysis of the data was done using STATA-14, and a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. RESULTS A total of 101 studies with 698905 participants have been identified that met inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Middle East area were 21.17 (95% CI: 17.05-26.29) and 33.14 (95% CI: 26.87-40.87), respectively. The findings showed that obesity prevalence increased with age so that the highest prevalence of obesity and overweight was observed in people >40 years old. Obesity prevalence in the Middle East area remained steady between 2000-2006 and 2014-2020 (23%). During these time intervals, the prevalence of overweight decreased from 34.83 (95% CI: 32.40-37.45) to 32.85 (95% CI: 31.39-34.38). CONCLUSIONS Despite the relative stabilization of the overweight and obesity trend in the Middle East, current interventions to combat the overweight epidemic need to be maintained and strengthened because the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this region is still very high. The prevalence of obesity increases with age so that people over 40 have the highest percentage of obesity and overweight. Therefore, implementing intervention programs to prevent and control obesity and overweight in the Middle East is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Okati-Aliabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Kargar
- MSc of Epidemiology, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Neda Jabbari
- Department of Environment Health Engineering, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kite J, Grunseit A, Bohn-Goldbaum E, Bellew B, Carroll T, Bauman A. A Systematic Search and Review of Adult-Targeted Overweight and Obesity Prevention Mass Media Campaigns and Their Evaluation: 2000-2017. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:207-232. [PMID: 29336684 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1423651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass media campaigns are a commonly used strategy in public health. However, no review has assessed whether the design and evaluation of overweight and obesity campaigns meets best practice recommendations. This study aimed to fill this gap. We systematically searched five databases for peer-reviewed articles describing adult-targeted obesity mass media campaigns published between 2000 and 2017, complemented by reference list searches and contact with authors and agencies responsible for the campaigns. We extracted data on campaign design, implementation, and evaluation from eligible publications and conducted a qualitative review of 29 publications reporting on 14 campaigns. We found a need for formative research with target audiences to ensure campaigns focus on the most salient issues. Further, we noted that most campaigns targeted individual behaviors, despite calls for campaigns to also focus upstream and to address social determinants of obesity. Television was the dominant communication channel but, with the rapid advance of digital media, evaluation of other channels, such as social media, is increasingly important. Finally, although evaluation methods varied in quality, the evidence suggests that campaigns can have an impact on intermediate outcomes, such as knowledge and attitudes. However, evidence is still limited as to whether campaigns can influence behavior change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kite
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
- b The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, based at Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
| | - Erika Bohn-Goldbaum
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
- b The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, based at Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
| | - Bill Bellew
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
| | - Tom Carroll
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
- c Carroll Communications , Coogee , NSW , Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- a Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
- b The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, based at Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , NSW , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|