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Msekandiana A, Msuya L, Philemon R, M'mbaga B, Kinabo G. Seroprevalence, risk factors and comorbidities associated with Helicobacter pylori infection amongst children receiving care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:3208-3216. [PMID: 32127898 PMCID: PMC7040322 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected children are at risk of developing gastric carcinoma later in adulthood. METHODS This was a Hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 200 children aged 6 months to 14 years were enrolled. Study subjects were tested for H. pylori using a standard serology rapid test measuring immunoglobulin G for H. pylori. For risk factors, Chi-square tests were used to test for association and then, odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values were computed using logistic regression. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 11.5%. The following factors were associated with H. pylori infection: Age group above 10 years, keeping a dog and household size. The independent predictors of H. pylori were: Fathers' occupation, keeping a dog, indoor tap water, age group, household size and diabetes mellitus type 1.. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was lower compared to most developing countries. Keeping a dog, household size, indoor tap water, fathers' occupation and diabetes mellitus type 1 were found to be independent predictors of presence of H. pylori antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Msekandiana
- Mzuzu Central Hospital, Pediatrics; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Pediatrics
| | - Levina Msuya
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Pediatrics
| | - Rune Philemon
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Pediatrics
| | - Blandina M'mbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Pediatrics; Kilimanjaro Research Institute
| | - Grace Kinabo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Pediatrics
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Babatola AO, Akinbami FO, Adeodu OO, Ojo TO, Efere MO, Olatunya OS. Seroprevalence and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection among asymptomatic under-five children at a Tertiary Hospital in the South-Western region of Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2082-2090. [PMID: 31656492 PMCID: PMC6794498 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among under-five children in the South West Nigeria remains largely understudied. There is no data on the subject from the study area. Objectives This study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among under-five children at a tertiary hospital in the South Western, Nigeria and to determine its associated socio-demographic factors. Methods Sera of 360 children were analyzed for anti H. pylori Ig G using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test kit (BQ ELISA Ig G KIT) and H. pylori infection risk factors were determined. Determinants of H. pylori infection was determined using binary logistic regression analysis and p-values < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results H. pylori infection seroprevalence rate was 32.8% and increased with age. Living in one room accommodation, large families, playing with soil, family history of dyspepsia, practice of premastication, sharing of plates and cutlery, and water closet toilet were associated with H. pylori Ig G seropositivity (p<0.05) on binary regression analysis. Conclusion The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in under -five children is high, increasing as the age of the children increased. This may suggest that instituting preventive measures at young age, targeting identified factors may be effective in reducing the burden of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix O Akinbami
- Department of Paediatrics, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State
| | - Olugbenga O Adeodu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife/Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
| | - Temitope O Ojo
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife
| | - Martins O Efere
- Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.
| | - Oladele S Olatunya
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State
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Gutwerk A, Wex T, Stein K, Langner C, Canbay A, Malfertheiner P, Link A. Helicobacter Pylori Serology in Relation to Hepatitis C Virus Infection and IL28B Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E44. [PMID: 29510558 PMCID: PMC5867570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the serological rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and determine any correlations with liver damage and IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). One hundred eighty-nine patients with chronic HCV infection were included in the study, and H. pylori status was defined based on anti-H. pylori-IgG or anti-CagA-IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver damage was assessed using histology or transient elastography. IL28B C/T polymorphism (rs12979860) was evaluated in circulating blood cells using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Overall H. pylori serology was positive in 38.1% of our HCV-infected subjects. Among those, the anti-CagA-IgG positivity rate was 43.1% and was within the range of previously described populations of the same region. Highest prevalence of H. pylori was found in patients between 31 and 40 years compared to other age subgroups. The seropositivity rate was higher in the non-cirrhotic group than the cirrhotic one (45.4% vs. 20.0%, p < 0.05). No difference was found in IL28B genotype between H. pylori-positive and -negative cohorts. However, we observed a trend for the lower anti-CagA-IgG expression level in relation to the IL28B T-allele. Our results do not support an association between HCV and H. pylori infection. Whether IL28B SNP has a functional role in modulation of serological response to H. pylori CagA needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutwerk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Medical Laboratories for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics, 39124 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Stein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Cosima Langner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Hajizadeh Y, Teiri H, Nazmara S, Parseh I. Environmental and biological monitoring of exposures to VOCs in a petrochemical complex in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6656-6667. [PMID: 29260472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can cause cancers in human. This study aimed to measure the concentration of four VOCs including benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and phenol in ambient air of a petrochemical complex in Iran. Also, their urinary metabolites including phenol, mandelic acid (MA), and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in the workers were monitored. Urine samples were collected before and after the 8-h workshift according to the NIOSH methods. They were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). High levels of the ambient VOCs were detected in the units of recovery and olefin. The levels of ethylbenzene and phenol were less than the guidelines suggested by NIOSH and ACGIH. However, in some cases, the amounts of benzene and styrene were higher than the guidelines. Excellent positive correlations were observed between VOCs exposure and their urinary metabolites (r 2 > 0.90), except for benzene (r 2 = 0.26). Our finding verified that urinary biomarkers can be applied as bioindicators for ambient exposure to VOCs. There is a risk of exposure to high levels of the pollutants in some of the sites, and it is necessary to adopt some preventive measures to reduce health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan, Iran.
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Zabala Torrres B, Lucero Y, Lagomarcino AJ, Orellana-Manzano A, George S, Torres JP, O'Ryan M. Review: Prevalence and dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection during childhood. Helicobacter 2017. [PMID: 28643393 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term persistent Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with ulceropeptic disease and gastric cancer. Although H. pylori is predominantly acquired early in life, a clear understanding of infection dynamics during childhood has been obfuscated by the diversity of populations evaluated, study designs, and methods used. AIM Update understanding of true prevalence of H. pylori infection during childhood, based on a critical analysis of the literature published in the past 5 years. METHODS Comprehensive review and meta-analysis of original studies published from 2011 to 2016. RESULTS A MEDLINE® /PubMed® search on May 1, 2016, using the terms pylori and children, and subsequent exclusion, based on abstract review using predefined criteria, resulted in 261 citations. An Embase® search with the same criteria added an additional 8 citations. In healthy children, meta-analysis estimated an overall seroprevalence rate of 33% (95% CI: 27%-38%). Seven healthy cohort studies using noninvasive direct detection methods showed infection prevalence estimates ranging from 20% to 50% in children ≤5 and 38% to 79% in children >5 years. The probability of infection persistence after a first positive sample ranged from 49% to 95%. Model estimates of cross-sectional direct detection studies in asymptomatic children indicated a prevalence of 37% (95% CI: 30%-44%). Seroprevalence, but not direct detection rates increased with age; both decreased with increasing income. The model estimate based on cross-sectional studies in symptomatic children was 39% (95% CI: 35%-43%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection varied widely in the studies included here; nevertheless, model estimates by detection type were similar, suggesting that overall, one-third of children worldwide are or have been infected. The few cohort and longitudinal studies available show variability, but most studies, show infection rates over 30%. Rather surprisingly, overall infection prevalence in symptomatic children was only slightly higher, around 40%. Studies including only one positive stool sample should be interpreted with caution as spontaneous clearance can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Zabala Torrres
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad de Aysén, Campus Rio Simpson, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perímetral, P. O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sergio George
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
During the period reviewed, prevalence studies were essentially performed in less economically advanced countries and a high prevalence was found. The traditional risk factors for Helicobacter pylori positivity were mostly found. Transmission studied by molecular typing showed a familial transmission. The eventual role of water transmission was explored in several studies with controversial results. Concerning diagnosis, most of the invasive and noninvasive methods used for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection are long standing with efficient performance. The most interesting recent improvements in H. pylori diagnosis include advances in endoscopy, developments in molecular methods, and the introduction of omics-based techniques. Interpretation of old or newer method should take into account the pretest probability and the prevalence of H. pylori in the population under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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