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Shepersky L, Marin M, Zhang J, Pham H, Marlow MA. Mumps in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents: 2007-2019. Pediatrics 2021; 148:183441. [PMID: 34814181 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a >99% reduction in US mumps cases after the introduction of mumps vaccine in 1967, outbreaks have occurred in schools and other settings involving vaccinated children and adolescents since 2006. METHODS We analyzed mumps cases reported by US health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We present the incidence and vaccination status of pediatric cases (age <18 years) during 2007-2019 and describe demographic, clinical, and vaccination characteristics of pediatric cases reported during the most recent resurgence in 2015-2019. RESULTS During 2007-2019, 9172 pediatric cases were reported, accounting for a median of 32% of all cases reported each year (range: 13%-59%). A median of 87% (range: 81%-94%) of pediatric patients each year had previously received ≥1 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose. During 2015-2019, of 5461 pediatric cases reported, only 2% of those with known import status (74%) were associated with international travel. One percent of patients had complications and 2% were hospitalized. Among patients aged ≥1 year with known vaccination status (72%), 74% of 1- to 4-year-olds had received ≥1 MMR dose and 86% of 5- to 17-year-olds had received ≥2 MMR doses. Since 2016, pediatric mumps cases have been reported in most US states each year (range: 38-45 states). CONCLUSIONS Since 2007, one-third of US reported mumps cases occurred in children and adolescents, the majority of whom were vaccinated. Clinicians should suspect mumps in patients with parotitis or mumps complications, regardless of age, travel history, and vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Shepersky
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mona Marin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John Zhang
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Huong Pham
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mariel A Marlow
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D. Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:582946. [PMID: 33815357 PMCID: PMC8013702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully swollen parotid salivary glands (parotitis) in mumps virus (MuV)-infected men, orchitis is the most common form of extra-salivary gland inflammation. Mumps orchitis frequently occurs in young adult men, and leads to pain and swelling of the testis. The administration of MuV vaccines in children has been proven highly effective in reducing the incidence of mumps. However, a recent global outbreak of mumps and the high rate of orchitis have recently been considered as threats to male fertility. The pathogenesis of mumps orchitis remains largely unclear due to lack of systematic clinical data analysis and animal models studies. The alarming increase in the incidence of mumps orchitis and the high risk of the male fertility have thus become a major health concern. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms by which MuV-host cells interact and MuV infection induces inflammatory responses in testicular cells. In this mini-review, we highlight advances in our knowledge of the clinical aspects and possible mechanisms of mumps orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have been well established, but pancreatic involvement is under debate. Our aims were to evaluate the presence of acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patients and to assess the frequency of pancreatic hyperenzymemia. METHODS From April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, 110 consecutive patients (69 males, 41 females; mean age, 63.0 years; range, 24-93 years) met these criteria and were enrolled in the study. The clinical data and serum activity of pancreatic amylase and lipase were assayed in all patients using commercially available kits. RESULTS None of the patients studied developed clinical signs or morphological alterations compatible with acute pancreatitis. However, it was found that 24.5% of the patients had amylase values above 53 IU/L and 16.4% had lipase values above 300 IU/L. Only 1 patient (0.9%) had both amylase and lipase values in excess of 3-fold the upper normal limit without clinical signs of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of pancreatic hyperenzymemia in a patient with COVID-19 requires the management of these patients be guided by clinical evaluation and not merely by evaluation of the biochemical results.
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Wright WF, Pinto CN, Palisoc K, Baghli S. Viral (aseptic) meningitis: A review. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:176-183. [PMID: 30731305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges associated with acute onset of meningeal symptoms and fever, pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid, and no growth on routine bacterial culture. It is sometimes associated with viral encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Viruses reach the central nervous system (CNS) hematogenously or in a retrograde manner from nerve endings. The viral etiology varies according to age and country. Molecular diagnostics technology has helped improve the rate of pathogen detection reducing unnecessary antibiotic use and length of hospitalization. Most of the viral infections detailed in this article have no specific treatment other than supportive care. Many of the viruses discussed are preventable by vaccination and proper skin protection against transmitting vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pinnacle, United States.
| | - Casey N Pinto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pinnacle, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
| | - Kathryn Palisoc
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pinnacle, United States
| | - Salim Baghli
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pinnacle, United States
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McBride CA, Patel B. Acutely painful scrotum: Tips, traps, tricks and truths. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:1054-1059. [PMID: 29148188 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A McBride
- Surgical Team: Infants, Toddlers, Children (STITCh), Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhaveshkumar Patel
- Surgical Team: Infants, Toddlers, Children (STITCh), Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Xu Q, Li R, Liu Y, Luo C, Xu A, Xue F, Xu Q, Li X. Forecasting the Incidence of Mumps in Zibo City Based on a SARIMA Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080925. [PMID: 28817101 PMCID: PMC5580627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to predict the incidence of mumps using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, and provide theoretical evidence for early warning prevention and control in Zibo City, Shandong Province, China. Monthly mumps data from Zibo City gathered between 2005 and 2013 were used as a training set to construct a SARIMA model, and the monthly mumps in 2014 were defined as a test set for the model. From 2005 to 2014, a total of 8722 cases of mumps were reported in Zibo City; the male-to-female ratio of cases was 1.85:1, the age group of 1-20 years old accounted for 94.05% of all reported cases, and students made up the largest proportion (65.89%). The main serious endemic areas of mumps were located in Huantai County, Linzi District, and Boshan District of Zibo City. There were two epidemic peaks from April to July and from October to January in next year. The fitted model SARIMA (0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 was established (AIC = 157.528), which has high validity and reasonability. The SARIMA model fitted dynamic changes of mumps in Zibo City well. It can be used for short-term forecasting and early warning of mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Runzi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Aiqiang Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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