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Wan Z, Wang J, Liu Q, Yang D, Li P, Wang L. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220720. [PMID: 37744456 PMCID: PMC10512446 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases and is considered as the most common type of cancer. DLX4 was originally identified as a β-globin gene suppressor in red blood cells, which plays critical roles in several types of cancers. However, the role and related mechanism of DLX4 in NSCLC are still unclear. The study aimed to uncover the expression of DLX4 in human NSCLC cells and tissues, reveal its possible role in NSCLC, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Immunoblot and TCGA database were used to detect the expression of DLX4 in human NSCLC cells and tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, and FCM assays were conducted to detect the effects of DLX4 on the viability and cell cycle of NCI-H2170 and A549 cells. Immunoblot assays were further performed to investigate the possible mechanism underlying DLX4 affecting the growth of NSCLC. We revealed that knockdown of DLX4 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation. We further revealed that DLX4 knockdown induced the NSCLC cell cycle arrest. Our results further showed that downregulation of DLX4 suppressed YB-1 expression, which further suppressed CKS2 expression, thereby suppressing tumor growth of NSCLC. In conclusion, DLX4 has the potential to serve as a promising drug for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongren Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
| | - Pengling Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai‘an City, Jiangsu Province, 223300, China
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Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment: Perspectives for immunotherapy of SCLC. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:273-285. [PMID: 35288298 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by dismal prognosis. Although SCLC may initially respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy, it ultimately relapses and is almost universally resistant to this treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as the first- and third-line therapeutic regimens for extensive-stage or relapsed SCLC, respectively. Despite this, only a minority of patients with SCLC respond to ICIs partly due to a lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Transforming the immune "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors that are more likely to respond to ICIs is the main challenge for SCLC therapy. Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis represent the newly discovered immunogenic cell death (ICD) forms. Promoting ICD may alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the influx of TILs, and combination of their inducers and ICIs plays a synergistical role in enhancing antitumor effects. Nevertheless, the combination of the above two modalities has not been systematically discussed in SCLC therapy. In the present review, we summarize the roles of distinct ICD mechanisms on antitumor immunity and recent advances of ferroptosis-, necroptosis- and pyroptosis-inducing agents, and present perspectives on these cell death mechanisms in immunotherapy of SCLC.
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Tai P, Wang Z, Chen X, Chen A, Gong L, Cheng Y, Cao K. Multi-omics analysis of the oncogenic value of copper Metabolism-Related protein COMMD2 in human cancers. Cancer Med 2022. [PMID: 36205192 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD) protein family is involved in tumorigenicity of malignant tumors. However, as the member of COMMD, the role of COMMD2 in human tumors remains unknown. METHODS We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) platform, univariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curve, cBioPortal, UALCAN database, Sangerbox online platform, GSCA database gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and GeneMANIA to analyze the expression of COMMD2, its prognostic values, genomic alteration patterns, and the correlation with tumor stemness, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune infiltrates, drug sensitivity, and gene function enrichment in pan-cancer. qRT-PCR, CCK-8, EdU, wound healing, and transwell migration assays were performed to confirm the function of COMMD2. RESULTS COMMD2 was strongly expressed in most cancer types. Elevated COMMD2 expression affects the prognosis, clinicopathological stage, and molecular or immune subtypes of various tumors. Moreover, promoter hypomethylation and mutations in the COMMD2 gene may be associated with its high expression and poor survival. Additionally, we discovered that COMMD2 expression was linked to tumor stemness, TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the COMMD2 gene co-expression network is constructed with GSEA analysis, displaying significant interaction of COMMD2 with E2F targets, G2-M checkpoint, and mitotic spindle in bladder cancer (BLCA). Finally, RNA interference data showed suppression of COMMD2 prevented proliferation and migration of BLCA and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) cells. CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on the COMMD2 functions in human cancers and demonstrate that it is a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tai
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liang J, Guan X, Bao G, Yao Y, Zhong X. Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:450-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Dong Y, Li J, Zhang B, Zhang C, Cui X. Successful Treatment of a Patient With Multiple-Line Relapsed Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Penpulimab Combined With Anlotinib: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846597. [PMID: 35321433 PMCID: PMC8937034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant, rapidly developing group of diseases with poor biological behavior. Most patients have extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) when they are first diagnosed. Standard chemotherapy is prone to relapse in a short period of time, and the patients’ median overall survival (OS) can reach only 13 months when chemotherapy is given in combination with PD-L1 inhibitors. To date, no studies have verified the efficacy and safety of the composite treatment of ES-SCLC with penpulimab and anlotinib despite some recognized data and advantages related to this regimen. Penpulimab, a novel PD-1 inhibitor with an IgG1 subtype, has a structural modification of the Fc segment which can prevent the immune cells from being phagocytosed or killed and can steadily avoid tumor immune escape. This case report describes a 71-year-old man who had ES-SCLC for 7 years which progressed after receiving standard systemic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. The third-line treatment of four cycles of anlotinib and carilizumab was discontinued because of grade 2 immune-related pneumonia despite the efficacy being evaluated as stable disease. After maintaining 22 months of progression-free survival, the patient relapsed and switched to a safer regimen of penpulimab combined with anlotinib to continue the treatment for four cycles. Partial response evaluation was confirmed twice, and the patient remained in good general condition. The combination of penpulimab and anlotinib can positively regulate the therapeutic effect by simultaneously acting on the tumor microenvironment and promoting blood vessel normalization. In general, this case provides support for the successful possibility of a rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the better clinical efficacy of cross-line therapy with anlotinib, and the drug safety of penpulimab, suggesting a beneficial therapy for the clinical treatment of ES-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaonan Cui
- *Correspondence: Xiaonan Cui, ; Chunxia Zhang,
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Wieleba I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P, Milanowski J. Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042261. [PMID: 35216378 PMCID: PMC8876687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous progress and development of modern therapies, lung cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among men and women. The key element in the development of new anti-cancer drugs is proper planning of the preclinical research phase. The most adequate basic research exemplary for cancer study are 3D tumor microenvironment in vitro models, which allow us to avoid the use of animal models and ensure replicable culture condition. However, the question tormenting the scientist is how to choose the best tool for tumor microenvironment research, especially for extremely heterogenous lung cancer cases. In the presented review we are focused to explain the key factors of lung cancer biology, its microenvironment, and clinical gaps related to different therapies. The review summarized the most important strategies for in vitro culture models mimicking the tumor–tumor microenvironmental interaction, as well as all advantages and disadvantages were depicted. This knowledge could facilitate the right decision to designate proper pre-clinical in vitro study, based on available analytical tools and technical capabilities, to obtain more reliable and personalized results for faster introduction them into the future clinical trials.
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Chen K, Shen D, Tan L, Lai D, Han Y, Gu Y, Lu C, Gu X. A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of ALKBH7. Front Genet 2022; 13:822261. [PMID: 35222541 PMCID: PMC8873580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified a role for ALKBH7 in the occurrence and progression of cancer, and this protein is related to cellular immunity and immune cell infiltration. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of ALKBH7 in different cancers have not been explored. In this study, we observed high ALKBH7 expression in 17 cancers and low expression in 5 cancers compared to paired normal tissues. Although ALKBH7 expression did not correlate relatively significantly with the clinical parameters of age (6/33), sex (3/33) and stage (3/27) in the cancers studied, the results of the survival analysis reflect the pan-cancer prognostic value of ALKBH7. In addition, ALKBH7 expression was significantly correlated with the TMB (7/33), MSI (13/33), mDNAsi (12/33) and mRNAsi (13/33) in human cancers. Moreover, ALKBH7 expression was associated and predominantly negatively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint (ICP) genes in many cancers. Furthermore, ALKBH7 correlated with infiltrating immune cells and ESTIMATE scores, especially in PAAD, PRAD and THCA. Finally, the ALKBH7 gene coexpression network is involved in the regulation of cellular immune, oxidative, phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways. In conclusion, ALKBH7 may serve as a potential prognostic pan-cancer biomarker and is involved in the immune response. Our pan-cancer analysis provides insight into the role of ALKBH7 in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjie Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donglin Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuru Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggang Gu
- Department of TCM, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu, ; Changlian Lu, ; Yonggang Gu,
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu, ; Changlian Lu, ; Yonggang Gu,
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu, ; Changlian Lu, ; Yonggang Gu,
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