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Fabrication of Carbon-Like, π-Conjugated Organic Layer on a Nano-Porous Silica Surface. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091882. [PMID: 32962263 PMCID: PMC7558701 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new type of black organic material-porous silica composite providing an extremely highly selective adsorption surface. This black composite was prepared by lamination on nano-sized pores with a carbon-like, π-extended structure, which can be converted via the on-site polymerization of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene with a triazinane derivative and a thermally induced condensation reaction with denitrification. This bottom-up fabrication method on porous materials had the great advantage of maintaining the pore characteristics of a raw porous material, but also the resultant black surface exhibited an extremely high molecular-shape selectivity; for example, that for trans- and cis-stilbenes reached 14.0 with the black layer-laminated porous silica, whereas it was below 1.2 with simple hydrophobized silica.
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Zhu Y, Morisato K, Hasegawa G, Moitra N, Kiyomura T, Kurata H, Kanamori K, Nakanishi K. High-performance liquid chromatography separation of unsaturated organic compounds by a monolithic silica column embedded with silver nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2841-7. [PMID: 26097062 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of a porous structure to ensure good separation performances is always a significant issue in high-performance liquid chromatography column design. Recently we reported the homogeneous embedment of Ag nanoparticles in periodic mesoporous silica monolith and the application of such Ag nanoparticles embedded silica monolith for the high-performance liquid chromatography separation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. However, the separation performance remains to be improved and the retention mechanism as compared with the Ag ion high-performance liquid chromatography technique still needs to be clarified. In this research, Ag nanoparticles were introduced into a macro/mesoporous silica monolith with optimized pore parameters for high-performance liquid chromatography separations. Baseline separation of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene was achieved with the theoretical plate number for analyte naphthalene as 36,000 m(-1). Its separation function was further extended to cis/trans isomers of aromatic compounds where cis/trans stilbenes were chosen as a benchmark. Good separation of cis/trans-stilbene with separation factor as 7 and theoretical plate number as 76,000 m(-1) for cis-stilbene was obtained. The trans isomer, however, is retained more strongly, which contradicts the long- established retention rule of Ag ion chromatography. Such behavior of Ag nanoparticles embedded in a silica column can be attributed to the differences in the molecular geometric configuration of cis/trans stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - George Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nirmalya Moitra
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kurata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Rana AA, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Effect of the direction of ester linkage on molecular shape selectivity through multiple carbonyl–π interaction with octadecyl chain branched polymers as organic phases in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7440-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Czaun M, Hevesi L, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Novel Surface-Attachable Multifunctional Initiators: Synthesis, Grafting, and Polymerization in Aprotic and Protic Solvents. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900419q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Czaun
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - László Hevesi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Molecular shape recognition-structure correlation in a phenylalanine-based polymer–silica composite by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ihara H, Dong W, Mimaki T, Nishihara M, Sakurai T, Takafuji M, Nagaoka S. Poly(4‐Vinylpyridine) as Novel Organic Phase for RP‐HPLC. Unique Selectivity for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120023796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ihara
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - W. Dong
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - T. Mimaki
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - M. Nishihara
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - T. Sakurai
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - M. Takafuji
- a Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Kumamoto University , 2‐39‐1 Kurokami, Kumamoto , 860‐8555 , Japan
| | - S. Nagaoka
- b Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute , Kumamoto , Japan
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Chowdhury MAJ, Ihara H, Sagawa T, Hirayama C. RETENTION BEHAVIORS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON COMB-SHAPED POLYMER IMMOBILIZED-SILICA IN RPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jamil Chowdhury
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - H. Ihara
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - T. Sagawa
- b Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - C. Hirayama
- b Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry , Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Ruzimuradov O, Rajan G, Mark J. Thermal Properties of Nanostructured Poly(acrylonitrile)–Silica Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200651343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rahman MM, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Retention mechanism of l-glutamide-derived noncrystalline stationary phases in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and application for separation of nucleic acid constituents. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1119:105-14. [PMID: 16620863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Double alkylated L-glutamide-derived noncrystalline stationary phases Sil-DSG and Sil-DBG have been prepared by coupling N',N''-dioctadecyl-N-[4-carboxybutanoyl]-L-glutamide (DSG) and N',N'',-dibutyl-N-[4-carboxybutanoyl]-L-glutamide (DBG) with aminopropylated silica (Sil-APS). TEM observations of DSG and DBG showed that lipid DSG can aggregate in organic solvents (methanol, chloroform, toluene, etc.) and self-assembled nano fibers are observed while such fibrous aggregations are not observed for DBG. The resulting chromatographic data have been provided information about its selective interaction with guest molecules (PAHs) in RP-HPLC. We have observed that the carbonyl groups in Sil-DSG exist in ordered state by forming a condensing thin layer over silica surface while DBG cannot form such an ordered state due to its lower order of short alkyl chain. The ordered carbonyl groups present in Sil-DSG promotes multiple carbonyl pi-benzene pi interactions with guest PAHs isomers which enhance the selectivity for these compounds. The contribution of pi-pi interactions was also supported by the substantial effects on the selectivity of benzene and nitrobenzenes. The effect of pi-electron containing solvent on the retention behavior of the PAHs was also studied. The selectivity for nucleic acid constituents, i.e. nucleosides and its bases were also evaluated by Sil-DSG and the selectivity for these compounds on Sil-DSG was compared with the selectivity of conventional polymeric ODS phase. It has been found that Sil-DSG provided higher selectivity for nucleic acid constituents than polymeric ODS and that HPLC packing materials can be efficiently employed for routine analysis of these compounds. The effect of methanol content on the separation behavior of nucleosides was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Kabulov B, Ruzimuradov O, Negmatov S. Investigation of acrylonitrile polymerization on the surface of porous microspherical silica gel. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Takafuji M, Fukui M, Ansarian HR, Derakhshan M, Shundo A, Ihara H. Conformational Effect of Silica-supported Poly(octadecyl acrylate) on Molecular-Shape Selectivity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in RP-HPLC. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1681-5. [PMID: 15636515 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(octadecyl acrylate) with a terminal reactive group was synthesized by radical telomerization in various solvents. The polymers were grafted onto porous silica for use in RP-HPLC, and the molecular recognition ability was investigated along with the selectivity for the structural isomers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The mechanism of selectivity was also investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and NMR spectroscopic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Takafuji M, Dong W, Goto Y, Sakurai T, Nagaoka S, Ihara H. Polymer Effect on Molecular Recognition. Enhancement of Molecular-Shape Selectivity for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Poly(acrylonitrile). Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.34.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chowdhury MA, Ihara H, Sagawa T, Hirayama C. Retention versatility of silica-supported comb-shaped crystalline and non-crystalline phases in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 877:71-85. [PMID: 10845790 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Silica-supported comb-shaped polymer (Sil-ODA18) provided a specific selectivity towards aromatic and non-aromatic solutes. Selectivity of Sil-ODA18 and ODS (polymeric and monomeric) columns towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and geometric isomers have been discussed in respect of molecular shapes and sizes. The retention versatility of this phase arises from the orientation change on transition from the ordered crystalline to the less ordered non-crystalline state. Selectivity in the crystalline and non-crystalline regions of Sil-ODA18 is similar to that of polymeric and monomeric ODS phases, respectively. Sil-ODA18 column also exhibited the characteristic temperature dependency of liquid-crystalline phases, i.e., an increase in retention with increasing temperature on transition from crystalline to isotropic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Chowdhury
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan.
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Ihara H, Sagawa T, Goto Y, Nagaoka S. Crystalline polymer on silica. Geometrical selectivity for azobenzenes through highly-oriented structure. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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