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Naeemullah, Kazi TG, Tuzen M. Development of novel simultaneous single step and multistep cloud point extraction method for silver, cadmium and nickel in water samples. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Naeemullah, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Shah F, Arain SS, Brahman KD, Ali J, Arain MS. Simultaneous determination of silver and other heavy metals in aquatic environment receiving wastewater from industrial area, applying an enrichment method. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tripathi JK, Garbrecht M, Kaplan WD, Markovich G, Goldfarb I. The effect of Fe-coverage on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of α-FeSi2 nanoislands. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:495603. [PMID: 23154191 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/49/495603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled α-FeSi(2) nanoislands were formed using solid-phase epitaxy of low (~1.2 ML) and high (~21 ML) Fe coverages onto vicinal Si(111) surfaces followed by thermal annealing. At a resulting low Fe-covered Si(111) surface, we observed in situ, by real-time scanning tunneling microscopy and surface electron diffraction, the entire sequence of Fe-silicide formation and transformation from the initially two-dimensional (2 × 2)-reconstructed layer at 300 °C into (2 × 2)-reconstructed nanoislands decorating the vicinal step-bunch edges in a self-ordered fashion at higher temperatures. In contrast, the silicide nanoislands at a high Fe-covered surface were noticeably larger, more three-dimensional, and randomly distributed all over the surface. Ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated the formation of an α-FeSi(2) island phase, in an α-FeSi(2){112} // Si{111} orientation. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry showed considerable superparamagnetism, with ~1.9 μ(B)/Fe atom at 4 K for the low Fe-coverage, indicating stronger ferromagnetic coupling of individual magnetic moments, as compared to high Fe-coverage, where the calculated moments were only ~0.8 μ(B)/Fe atom. Such anomalous magnetic behavior, particularly for the low Fe-coverage case, is radically different from the non-magnetic bulk α-FeSi(2) phase, and may open new pathways to high-density magnetic memory storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Tripathi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Materials and Nanotechnologies Program, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Miró M, Estela JM, Cerdà V. Application of flowing stream techniques to water analysis Part III. Metal ions: alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, elemental and harmful transition metals, and multielemental analysis. Talanta 2012; 63:201-23. [PMID: 18969420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2003] [Revised: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the earlier parts of this series of reviews [1,2], the most relevant flowing stream techniques (namely, segmented flow analysis, continuous flow analysis, flow injection (FI) analysis, sequential injection (SI) analysis, multicommuted flow injection analysis and multisyringe flow injection analysis) applied to the determination of several core inorganic parameters for water quality assessment, such as nutrients and anionic species including nitrogen, sulfur and halogen compounds, were described. In the present paper, flow techniques are presented as powerful analytical tools for the environmental monitoring of metal ions (alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, and elemental and harmful transition metals) as well as to perform both multielemental and speciation analysis in water samples. The potentials of flow techniques for automated sample treatment involving on-line analyte separation and/or pre-concentration are also discussed in the body of the text, and demonstrated for each individual ion with a variety of strategies successfully applied to trace analysis. In this context, the coupling of flow methodologies with atomic spectrometric techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) or hydride-generation (HG)/cold-vapor (CV) approaches, launching the so-called hyphenated techniques, is specially worth mentioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Miró
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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UEDA M, TESHIMA N, SAKAI T, JOICHI Y, MOTOMIZU S. Highly Sensitive Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Leached Solutions from Ceramic Ware by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Coupled with Sequential Injection-based Solid Phase Extraction Method. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:597-602. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru UEDA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Norio TESHIMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Tadao SAKAI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Yasutaka JOICHI
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Shoji MOTOMIZU
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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Ali I, Gupta V, Aboul‐Enein HY, Hussain A. Hyphenation in sample preparation: Advancement from the micro to the nano world. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2040-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Reddy SA, Reddy KJ, Lakshminaraya S, Priya DL, Rao YS, Reddy AV. Extractive spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of cadmium(II) in medicinal leaves and environmental samples using benzildithiosemicarbazone (BDTSC). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 152:903-9. [PMID: 17825486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 07/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new thiosemicarbazone, benzildithiosemicarbazone (BDTSC), is proposed as a sensitive and selective analytical reagent for extractive spectrophotometric determination of Cd(II). BDTSC reacts with cadmium(II) to give a yellow-colored complex in ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide buffer of pH 10.5, which is easily extracted into isoamylalcohol with 1:1 composition having a maximum absorbance at wavelength 360 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are found to be 0.196 x 10(4)dm3 mol(-1)cm(-1) and 0.008 microg cm(-2) of Cd(II), respectively. The instability constant of the method has been calculated by Asmus' method as 5.05 x 10(-5) (which is in close agreement with the value obtained by Edmonds and Birnbaum's method) at room temperature. The interfering effect of various cations and anions has also been studied. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Cd(II) in several standard reference materials as well as environmental samples, medicinal leaves and leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adinarayana Reddy
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Oshita K, Motomizu S. Development of Chelating Resins and Their Ability of Collection and Separation for Metal Ions. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2008. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.57.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Oshita
- Department of International Conservation Studies for Cultural Properties, Faculty of Cultural Properties, Kibi International University
| | - Shoji Motomizu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
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On-Line Sample Pretreatment: Extraction and Preconcentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Katarina RK, Lenghor N, Motomizu S. On-line Preconcentration Method for the Determination of Trace Metals in Water Samples Using a Fully Automated Pretreatment System Coupled with ICP-AES. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:343-50. [PMID: 17372380 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An automated on-line sample-preparation method using a computer-controlled pretreatment system (Auto-Pret AES system) coupled with ICP-AES was developed. In this work, an iminodiacetate chelating resin, packed in a mini-column and installed in the system was employed for the collection/concentration of 13 trace metals, including such toxic metals as Be, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb. The limits of detection of the proposed method for trace metals were in the range of 0.001 (Be) -0.18 (Pb) ng mL-1. The enrichment factors for metal ions were about 19 times, when 5 mL of samples were used. The sample throughput was 11 h-1. The accuracy and the precision of the method were evaluated using river-water reference materials, SLRS-4 from NRCC, JSAC 0301-1 and JSAC 0302 from the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. The proposed method can be favorably applied to the collection/concentration of trace metals in natural water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi K Katarina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Japan
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Xiao S, Chen J, Wu X, Miao Y. Determination of cadmium in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kendüzler E, Türker AR. Determination of Trace Cadmium in Waters by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry After Preconcentration with 1-Nitroso-2-Naphthol-3, 6-Disulfonic Acid on Ambersorb 572. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 95:77-85. [PMID: 15801179 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200590009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of trace amount of cadmium after adsorption of its 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid chelate on Ambersorb 572 has been proposed. This chelate is adsorbed on the adsorbent in the pH range 3-8 from large volumes of aqueous solution of water samples with a preconcentration factor of 200. After being sorbed, cadmium was eluted by 5 mL of 2.0 mol L(-1) nitric acid solution and determined directly by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometery (FAAS). The detection limit (3sigma) of cadmium was 0.32 microg L(-1). The precision of the proposed procedure, calculated as the relative standard deviation of recovery in sample solution (100 mL) containing 5 microg of cadmium was satisfactory (1.9%). The adsorption of cadmium onto adsorbent can formally be described by a Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.6 mg g(-1) and a binding constant of 6.5 x 10(-3) L mg(-1). Various parameters, such as the effect of pH and the interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of cadmium, have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium in water samples. This procedure was applied to the determination of cadmium in tap and river water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Kendüzler
- Department of Primary Education, Kirşehir Education Faculty, Gazi University, 40100 Kirşehir, Turkey
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SEKI T, OGUMA K. Determination of uranium in natural waters and high-purity aluminum by flow-injection on-line preconcentration and ICP-MS detection. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya SEKI
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Koichi OGUMA
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University
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Nakajima J, Hirano Y, Oguma K. Determination of lead in seawater by flow-injection on-line preconcentration-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with iron(III) hydroxide. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:585-8. [PMID: 12725396 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection on-line preconcentration-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) method coupled with a coprecipitation method has been developed for the determination of lead in seawater. The combination of two preconcentration procedures, coprecipitation with iron(II) hydroxide and solid-phase extraction with a lead-selective resin, Pb-Spec, allowed the determination of lead at the ng kg(-1) level. Lead in 250 g of a sample solution was collected by coprecipitation with 10 mg of iron. The precipitate was dissolved in 25 ml of 1 mol l(-1) nitric acid; then, a 4-ml aliquot of the sample solution was introduced into the flow-injection system to preconcentrate and separate lead from iron on a Pb.Spec microcolumn. The sorbed lead was eluted with a 1.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) EDTA solution. The 30-microl portion of the eluate corresponding to the highest analyte concentration zone was injected into a graphite furnace. The overall enhancement factor was about 200 for 250 g of the sample. The average and standard deviation of ten blank values obtained were 1.7 ng and 0.38 ng, respectively. The recovery was 93.7 +/- 5.0% for seawater spiked with 20 ng kg(-1) lead. The proposed method is applicable to the analysis of seawater for lead at slightly higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nakajima
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Feo JC, Castro MA, Lumbreras JM, de Celis B, Aller AJ. Nickel as a Chemical Modifier for Sensitivity Enhancement and Fast Atomization Processes in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Cadmium in Biological and Environmental Samples. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:1631-6. [PMID: 14696927 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of the efficiency of protons, Ni, Pd and Th as chemical modifiers for the determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using fast temperature programs was made for platform atomization. A comparison was made in terms of the salt type, absorbance-time profiles and elimination of the sodium chloride interference. The results were adapted to develop a method for the ETAAS determination of cadmium in biological and environmental samples. The highest sensitivity to determine cadmium in biological and environmental samples was obtained using nickel (together with protons) as a chemical modifier. The accuracy of the method was tested by the determination of cadmium in different certified reference materials. The best detection limit and the characteristic mass of Cd were found to be 0.03 ng mL(-1) and 0.35 pg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Feo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Area of Analytical Chemistry, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
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