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Dong T, Zhu W, Yang Z, Matos Pires NM, Lin Q, Jing W, Zhao L, Wei X, Jiang Z. Advances in heart failure monitoring: Biosensors targeting molecular markers in peripheral bio-fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116090. [PMID: 38569250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially chronic heart failure, threaten many patients' lives worldwide. Because of its slow course and complex causes, its clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis are essential challenges. Clinical biomarkers and biosensor technologies can rapidly screen and diagnose. Multiple types of biomarkers are employed for screening purposes, precise diagnosis, and treatment follow-up. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the biomarkers associated with the six main heart failure etiology pathways. Plasma natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponins (cTnT, cTnl) are still analyzed as gold-standard markers for heart failure. Other complementary biomarkers include growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), circulating Galactose Lectin 3 (Gal-3), soluble interleukin (sST2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). For these biomarkers, the electrochemical biosensors have exhibited sufficient sensitivity, detection limit, and specificity. This review systematically summarizes the latest molecular biomarkers and sensors for heart failure, which will provide comprehensive and cutting-edge authoritative scientific information for biomedical and electronic-sensing researchers in the field of heart failure, as well as patients. In addition, our proposed future outlook may provide new research ideas for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Microsystems- IMS, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway-USN, P.O. Box 235, Kongsberg, 3603, Norway
| | - Wangang Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Kareem F, Mohd-Naim NF, Ahmed MU. A novel and ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on nanocellulose-Ti 3C 2T x@ZrO 2 nano framework for the detection of ovalbumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128657. [PMID: 38092119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A versatile and highly sensitive sensing platform based on nanocellulose/MXene/ZrO2 nano framework has been developed at the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for detecting ovalbumin (Ova). To create this innovative nano framework, dialdehyde groups were introduced onto the surface of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which were then decorated with MXene nanosheets and nanostructured zirconia. Nanocellulose/MXene/ZrO2 nano framework was used as electrochemical mediator and immobilization environment that provided the large surface area and 197 % increment in the electrochemical signal which allowed the Ova detection in the femtomolar range. Ovalbumin antibody was immobilized on the surface of dialdehyde cellulose nanofiber through covalent bonding between amino groups of Ova and dialdehyde groups of CNFs. The assembly process of nano framework, anti-Ova, and Ova antigen were characterized using electrochemical approaches (CV and DPV). The fabricated immunosensor is further applied to DPV detection of Ova and it demonstrated a linear response to Ova antigen in the linear range of 0.01-1000 pg/mL. With optimal experimental conditions, the detection limit, quantification limit and sensitivity of Ova were found to be 1.1 fg/mL, 0.01 pg/mL and 0.1497 μA pg/mL cm-2, respectively. The fabricated immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, reproducibility, and interference resistance and achieved excellent recoveries in real food samples spiked with Ova, indicating its potential applicability in food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Kareem
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Noor Faizah Mohd-Naim
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Science, Univesiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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Louw CJ, de Haan P, Verpoorte E, Baker P. Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Sensing in Microfluidic Biosensors: A Review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 52:41-62. [PMID: 38523440 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023049565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are capable of handling 10-9 L to 10-18 L of fluids by incorporating tiny channels with dimensions of ten to hundreds of micrometers, and they can be fabricated using a wide range of materials including glass, silicon, polymers, paper, and cloth for tailored sensing applications. Microfluidic biosensors integrated with detection methods such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Coupled with ECL, these tandem devices are capable of sensing biomarkers at nanomolar to picomolar concentrations, reproducibly. Measurement at this low level of concentration makes microfluidic electrochemiluminescence (MF-ECL) devices ideal for biomarker detection in the context of early warning systems for diseases such as myocardial infarction, cancer, and others. However, the technology relies on the nature and inherent characteristics of an efficient luminophore. The luminophore typically undergoes a redox process to generate excited species which emit energy in the form of light upon relaxation to lower energy states. Therefore, in biosensor design the efficiency of the luminophore is critical. This review is focused on the integration of microfluidic devices with biosensors and using electrochemiluminescence as a detection method. We highlight the dual role of carbon quantum dots as a luminophore and co-reactant in electrochemiluminescence analysis, drawing on their unique properties that include large specific surface area, easy functionalization, and unique luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Juliat Louw
- SensorLab, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Haan
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape Bellville, 7535, Republic of South Africa
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Kurup CP, Mohd-Naim NF, Ahmed MU. A solid-state electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for β-lactoglobulin using Ru-AuNP/GNP/Naf nanocomposite-modified printed sensor. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:165. [PMID: 35355134 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of the milk protein allergen β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) using nanocomposite as luminophore was fabricated. The Ru-AuNPs/GNP/Naf complex was formed by combining the Rubpy32+-AuNPs complex (Ru-AuNPs), prepared by modifying the negatively charged surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with positively charged Rubpy32+ through electrostatic interactions and the graphene nanoplatelets-Nafion (GNP/Naf) at a ratio of 2:1. The nanocomposite was coated on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPCE) through the film-forming properties of Nafion. A layer of chitosan (CS) was coated onto this modified electrode, and later amine-terminated β-LG aptamers were covalently attached to the CS/Ru-AuNP/GNP/Naf via glutaraldehyde (GLUT) cross-linking. When β-LG was incubated with the aptasensor, a subsequent decrease in ECL intensity was recorded. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity of the aptasensor changed linearly with the logarithmic concentration of β-LG, in the range 0.1 to 1000 pg/ml, and the detection limit was 0.02 pg/mL (3σ/m). The constructed aptasensor displayed simple and fast determination of β-LG with excellent reproducibility, stability, and high specificity. Additionally, the proposed ECL aptasensor displayed high recoveries (92.5-112%) and low coefficients of variation (1.6-7.8%), when β-LG fortified samples were analyzed. Integrating Ru-AuNPs/GNP/Naf nanocomposite in the ECL aptasensor paves the way towards a cost-effective and sensitive detection of the milk allergen β-LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Padmakumari Kurup
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Noor Faizah Mohd-Naim
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam.
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Crapnell RD, Dempsey NC, Sigley E, Tridente A, Banks CE. Electroanalytical point-of-care detection of gold standard and emerging cardiac biomarkers for stratification and monitoring in intensive care medicine - a review. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:142. [PMID: 35279780 PMCID: PMC8917829 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Determination of specific cardiac biomarkers (CBs) during the diagnosis and management of adverse cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become commonplace in emergency department (ED), cardiology and many other ward settings. Cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-pro-BNP) are the preferred biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnostic workup of AMI, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and other types of myocardial ischaemia and heart failure (HF), while the roles and possible clinical applications of several other potential biomarkers continue to be evaluated and are the subject of several comprehensive reviews. The requirement for rapid, repeated testing of a small number of CBs in ED and cardiology patients has led to the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology to circumvent the need for remote and lengthy testing procedures in the hospital pathology laboratories. Electroanalytical sensing platforms have the potential to meet these requirements. This review aims firstly to reflect on the potential benefits of rapid CB testing in critically ill patients, a very distinct cohort of patients with deranged baseline levels of CBs. We summarise their source and clinical relevance and are the first to report the required analytical ranges for such technology to be of value in this patient cohort. Secondly, we review the current electrochemical approaches, including its sub-variants such as photoelectrochemical and electrochemiluminescence, for the determination of important CBs highlighting the various strategies used, namely the use of micro- and nanomaterials, to maximise the sensitivities and selectivities of such approaches. Finally, we consider the challenges that must be overcome to allow for the commercialisation of this technology and transition into intensive care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nina C Dempsey
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Evelyn Sigley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ascanio Tridente
- Intensive Care Unit, Whiston Hospital, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington Road, Prescot, L35 5DR, UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Takemoto M, Kamata T, Haishi M, Kato D, Hara M. Suppression of Surface Oxygen on Nanocarbon Film Electrodes for Maintaining Electrode Activity. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:865-870. [PMID: 33100307 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated sputtered nanocarbon films with respect to the effect of suppressing surface oxygen on their electrochemical properties. The nanocarbon film consisted of nanocrystallites with mixed sp2 and sp3 bonds formed by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) irradiation and electrochemical pretreatment (ECP) were conducted to change the surface oxygen concentration of nanocarbon film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements revealed that nanocarbon films with different amounts of surface oxygen could be prepared. In addition, we observed no significant increase of the surface roughness (Ra) at the angstrom level after treatments, owing to a stable structure containing 40% of sp3 bonds. The electrode characteristics, including the potential window and electrochemical properties for some redox species, such as Ru(NH3)63+/2+, were investigated. Some electrochemical measurements of zinc ions (Zn2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showed that the electrochemical reaction was improved by suppressing the surface oxygen. These results clearly indicated that the low surface oxygen concentration plays an important role in these electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Takemoto
- Nitto Denko Corporation.,School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | - Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masahiko Hara
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Adhikari J, Rizwan M, Keasberry NA, Ahmed MU. Current progresses and trends in carbon nanomaterials‐based electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence biosensors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juthi Adhikari
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammad Rizwan
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
- School of Natural SciencesBangor University Bangor Wales UK
| | - Natasha Ann Keasberry
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
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Takemoto M, Kamata T, Kato D, Hara M. Controlling Surface Oxygen Concentration of a Nanocarbon Film Electrode for Improvement of Target Analytes. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:441-446. [PMID: 31787668 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A nanocarbon film consisting of nanocrystallites with mixed sp2 and sp3 bonds formed by unbalanced magnetron sputtering, was studied with respect to changes in the characteristics caused by the surface oxygen concentration. An electrochemical pretreatment (ECP) was conducted to change the surface oxygen concentration of the nanocarbon film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements revealed that nanocarbon films with different amounts of surface oxygen could be prepared. In addition, we observed no significant increase of surface roughness (Ra) at the angstrom level after ECP, owing to a stable structure containing 40% of sp3 bonds. The electrode characteristics, including the potential window, and electrochemical properties for some redox species, such as Ru(NH3)63+/2+, Fe(CN)63-/4- and some biomolecules, were investigated. The anodic potential limit became wider and ΔEp of Fe(CN)63-/4- became smaller at the treated nanocarbon film electrode than those of the as-deposited nanocarbon film electrode. Based on these results, we realized to measure uridylic acid (UMP) and inosine triphosphate (ITP) with a high oxidation potential by direct oxidation, which was difficult to measure at the as-deposited nanocarbon film electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Takemoto
- Nitto Denko Corporation.,School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Dai Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Masahiko Hara
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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