Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Chromium removal from aqueous solutions using new silica gel conjugates of desferrioxamine or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid

Desferrioxamine (DFO) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) conjugated with silica gel (IDFOSG and IDTPASG, respectively) were evaluated as adsorbents for chromium in aqueous solutions. Different parameters affecting adsorption such as pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, sample volume and potential of interfering ions have been optimized. The optimum pH for chromium binding was 4 for 100 mg of adsorbents at 5 min of table shaking with 5 mL sample volume of chromium solutions. Langmuir adsorption model described the removal of chromium ions. The adsorption capacity for chromium was 90% for IDFOSG and 83% for IDTPASG in single solutions, and at least 75% in multielemental solutions. Considering the removal efficacy, regeneration and stability, DFO-grafted silica gel was generally superior to its DTPA counterpart and may be applied to the removal of traces of chromium species from natural waters.

Cloud point extraction preconcentration of manganese(II) from natural water samples using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone and triton X-100 and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

The possibility was investigated by using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) as the chelating reagent for separation and preconcentration of manganese(II) by cloud point extraction (CPE) and subsequent determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of chelating agent and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction were studied. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 ml of sample solution permitted the detection of 1.45 ng mL(-1) of manganese with an enrichment factor of 20. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace manganese in water samples with satisfactory results.

Cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of manganese(II) and iron(III) in water samples

Cloud point extraction (CPE) was applied as a preconcentration step prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) determination of manganese(II) and iron(III) in water samples. After complexation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP), the analytes could be quantitatively extracted to the phase rich in the surfactant p-octylpolyethyleneglycolphenylether (Triton X-100) and be concentrated, then determined by GFAAS. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as solution pH, concentration of PMBP and Triton X-100, equilibration temperature and time, were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 ml of sample solution permitted the detection of 0.02 ng ml(-1) of Mn(II) and 0.08 ng ml(-1) of Fe(III) with enrichment factors of 31 and 25 for Mn(II) and Fe(III), respectively. The proposed method was applied to determination of trace manganese(II) and iron(III) in water samples with satisfactory results.

Extraction of Metal Ions Using Chemically Modified Silica Gel Covalently Bonded with 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylether and 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone-salicylaldehyde Schiff Bases

Two new chelating materials (Si-DDE-o-HB, and Si-DDS-o-HB) were synthesized by modifying the activated silica gel phase with Schiff bases of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether (DDE)/4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and o-hydroxybenzaldehyde (o-HB). The synthesized materials were characterized by FTIR and BET surface area measurement techniques. The extraction of metal ions such as Zn2+, Mn2+ and Cr3+ by the chelating material Si-DDE-o-HB was found to be higher than that by Si-DDS-o-HB. The order of metal sorption was found to be Zn2+ > Mn2+ > Cr3+. The correlation coefficients for Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were compared for the sorption of Zn2+ onto the chelating material. The loading and elution of the metal ion solution was examined at optimum pH 7.5 and 0.5 cm3 min-1 flow rate of the solution using a column technique. The preconcentration factor for the elution of Zn2+ using dilute HNO3 was found to be 66.2 with a breakthrough volume of 15 cm3. The data obtained for the preconcentration of Zn2+ by the column technique suggested that the material Si-DDE-o-HB can find industrial applications.