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Ugocsai M, Bársony A, Varga RA, Gajda Á, Vida N, Lajkó N, Rónaszéki B, Tóth G, Boros M, Érces D, Varga G. Conjugation with Tris Decreases the Risk of Ketoprofen-Induced Mucosal Damage and Reduces Inflammation-Associated Methane Production in a Rat Model of Colitis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2329. [PMID: 37765297 PMCID: PMC10535093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed a new compound from the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen (Ket) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris) precursors, with the aim to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of NSAID therapies. We investigated mucosal reactions in a standard rat model of colitis together with methane generation as a possible indicator of pro-inflammatory activation under this condition (approval number: V./148/2013). Whole-body methane production (photoacoustic spectroscopy) and serosal microcirculation (intravital videomicroscopy) were measured, and mucosal damage was assessed (conventional histology; in vivo laser-scanning endomicroscopy). Inflammatory markers were measured from tissue and blood samples. Colitis induced an inflammatory response, morphological colonic damage and increased methane output. Ket treatment lowered inflammatory activation and colonic mucosal injury, but macroscopic gastric bleeding and increased methane output were present. Ket-Tris reduced inflammatory activation, methane emission and colonic mucosal damage, without inducing gastric injury. Conjugation with Tris reduces the GI side effects of Ket and still decreases the inflammatory response in experimental colitis. Methane output correlates with the mucosal inflammatory response and non-invasively demonstrates the effects of anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ugocsai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anett Bársony
- Department of Surgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Anna Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Ámos Gajda
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Noémi Vida
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Norbert Lajkó
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Benedek Rónaszéki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary (D.É.)
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Fujii T, Matsuura N, Morita Y, Morimoto K. Volatile organic compounds from human skin as biomarkers of menstruation phase and severity of premenstrual syndrome: An exploratory pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19627. [PMID: 37810044 PMCID: PMC10558888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Numerous women of reproductive age experience physical or mental discomfort during their natural menstrual cycle due to paramenstrual symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). To date, there is no established biomarker for the diagnosis of PMS. This study investigated the relationship between skin gas composition and menstruation cycles, and evaluated the possibility of skin gas composition as a biomarker of paramenstrual symptoms. Methods We conducted an exploratory pilot study. Healthy Japanese women (aged 20-29 years) underwent blood and skin gas analyses on 1 day corresponding to menstruation, preovulatory, middle luteal, and late luteal phases. Skin gas was collected from the cubital fossa and armpit using a Passive Flux Sampler; samples were analyzed for 65 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to identify VOCs related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS. Results Fourteen women participated; of those, 12 completed the study. Regarding the relationship with the menstrual cycles, seven and four VOCs were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, at the cubital fossa during menstruation. Of those 11 compounds, 10 were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. At the armpit, five and three compounds were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, during menstruation. Of those eight compounds, five were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. In the study of PMS severity, analysis of the changes in VOCs suggested that ketones and fatty acids are increased during menstruation in the severe PMS group versus the mild PMS group. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that certain VOCs emitted in skin gas related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS. These findings may advance the metabolic understanding and development of diagnostic biomarkers for menstruation-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujii
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nozomi Matsuura
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Research Laboratories for Health and Science & Food Technologies Kirin co., Ltd., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute., B24F Shonan Health Innovation Park 2-26-1 Muraoka higashi, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, 38 Kadono-cho, Nishikyogoku, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, 615- 0882, Japan
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Li M, Bekö G, Zannoni N, Pugliese G, Carrito M, Cera N, Moura C, Wargocki P, Vasconcelos P, Nobre P, Wang N, Ernle L, Williams J. Human metabolic emissions of carbon dioxide and methane and their implications for carbon emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155241. [PMID: 35421492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and have large impacts on Earth's radiative forcing and climate. Their natural and anthropogenic emissions have often been in focus, while the role of human metabolic emissions has received less attention. In this study, exhaled, dermal and whole-body CO2 and CH4 emission rates from a total of 20 volunteers were quantified under various controlled environmental conditions in a climate chamber. The whole-body CO2 emissions increased with temperature. Individual differences were the most important factor for the whole-body CH4 emissions. Dermal emissions of CO2 and CH4 only contributed ~3.5% and ~5.5% to the whole-body emissions, respectively. Breath measurements conducted on 24 volunteers in a companion study identified one third of the volunteers as CH4 producers (exhaled CH4 exceeded 1 ppm above ambient level). The exhaled CH4 emission rate of these CH4 producers (4.03 ± 0.71 mg/h/person, mean ± one standard deviation) was ten times higher than that of the rest of the volunteers (non-CH4 producers; 0.41 ± 0.45 mg/h/person). With increasing global population and the expected large reduction in global anthropogenic carbon emissions in the next decades, metabolic emissions of CH4 (although not CO2) from humans may play an increasing role in regional and global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark; Department of Architecture, College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mariana Carrito
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Cera
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moura
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Priscila Vasconcelos
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nijing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Takakura W, Chang C, Pimentel M, Mo G, Torosyan J, Hosseini A, Wang J, Kowaleski E, Mathur R, Chang B, Pichetshote N, Rezaie A. Exhaled Methane is Associated with a Lower Heart Rate. Cardiology 2021; 147:225-229. [PMID: 34915468 DOI: 10.1159/000521434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, methane (CH4) is exclusively produced by the intestinal microbiota and has been implicated in several conditions including cardiovascular disease. After microbial production of CH4 in the gut, it steadily crosses into the systemic circulation and reaches the lungs where it can be detected in the exhaled breath, as a surrogate measure for intestinal CH4 production. Recent reports have shown an association between CH4 and vagal dysfunction as well as the inhibition of CH4 activity on ileal contractions with atropine, suggesting its action on the parasympathetic nervous system. Given these findings we hypothesized that CH4 may be affecting resting heart rate based on the potential effect of CH4 on the vagus nerve. OBJECTIVES Given its possible role in the parasympathetic nervous system, we aimed to study the relationship between breath CH4 and resting heart rate (HR) in humans. Additionally, we performed a longitudinal study analyzing the change in HR and its association to breath CH4 over time. METHODS First, we reviewed 1,126 subjects and compared HR in subjects with detectable and undetectable breath CH4. Second, we performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized control trial to compare the change in HR for those who had an increase in breath CH4 vs those that had a decrease in breath CH4 over 14 weeks. Lastly, we assessed whether a larger decrease in CH4 is associated with a larger increase in HR over time. RESULTS In the retrospective cohort, subjects with detectable CH4 had a lower HR compared to those with undetectable CH4 (73.0±0.83 vs 76.0±0.44 beats/min; p=0.01). In the post-hoc analysis, a decrease in CH4 over time was associated with an increase in heart rate (median ∆ = 6.5 ± 8.32 beats/min, p=0.0006). Lastly, we demonstrated a biological gradient whereby a larger drop in CH4 is associated with a greater increase in heart rate (R= -0.31, p=0.03). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential role for the microbiome (and specifically CH4 from methanogens) to regulate heart rate. Considering these findings, mechanistic studies are warranted to further investigate this potential novel microbiome-neurocardiac axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Takakura
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA,
| | - Christine Chang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Gina Mo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Torosyan
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Ava Hosseini
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Edward Kowaleski
- Research Informatic and Scientific Computing Core Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Bianca Chang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Nipaporn Pichetshote
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Department of Medicine, West Hollywood, California, USA
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Wang L, Xie X, Ke B, Huang W, Jiang X, He G. Recent advances on endogenous gasotransmitters in inflammatory dermatological disorders. J Adv Res 2021; 38:261-274. [PMID: 35572410 PMCID: PMC9091779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and potential candidates sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen gas (H2), ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are generated within the human body. Endogenous and potential gasotransmitters regulate inflammation, vasodilation, and oxidation in inflammatory dermatological disorders. Endogenous and potential gasotransmitters play potential roles in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and chronic skin ulcers. Further research should explore the function of these gases and gas donors and inhibitors in inflammatory dermatological disorders.
Background Endogenous gasotransmitters are small gaseous mediators that can be generated endogenously by mammalian organisms. The dysregulation of the gasotransmitter system is associated with numerous disorders ranging from inflammatory diseases to cancers. However, the relevance of these endogenous gasotransmitters, prodrug donors and inhibitors in inflammatory dermatological disorders has not yet been thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Aim of review This review discusses the recent progress and will provide perspectives on endogenous gasotransmitters in the context of inflammatory dermatological disorders. Key scientific concepts of review Endogenous gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signaling molecules that regulate several physiological and pathological processes. In addition, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH4), hydrogen gas (H2), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) can also be generated endogenously and may take part in physiological and pathological processes. These signaling molecules regulate inflammation, vasodilation, and oxidative stress, offering therapeutic potential and attracting interest in the field of inflammatory dermatological disorders including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and chronic skin ulcers. The development of effective gas donors and inhibitors is a promising alternative to treat inflammatory dermatological disorders with controllable and precise delivery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (X. Jiang and G. He). Laboratory of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (B.-W. Ke).
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (X. Jiang and G. He). Laboratory of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (B.-W. Ke).
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (X. Jiang and G. He). Laboratory of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China (B.-W. Ke).
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Sato S, Sekine Y, Kakumu Y, Hiramoto T. Measurement of diallyl disulfide and allyl methyl sulfide emanating from human skin surface and influence of ingestion of grilled garlic. Sci Rep 2020; 10:465. [PMID: 31949194 PMCID: PMC6965658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) have been known as a metabolic product of sulfur-containing foods, typically garlic. The odour of such organosulfur compounds following garlic ingestion is often considered as an unpleasant element. Although previous studies have identified the DADS and AMS associated with garlic breath, no study has been reported on the determination of both compounds emanating from human skin surface. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of garlic ingestion on the dermal emissions of DADS and AMS using a passive flux sampler coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Firstly, baseline levels were investigated for 30 healthy volunteers in their daily life. The results of 1 h-sampling at the forearm showed the emission fluxes of both compounds followed the lognormal distribution with a geometric mean of 0.18 ng cm-2 h-1 for DADS and 0.22 ng cm-2 h-1 for AMS. Subsequently, the garlic ingestion tests were conducted for selected volunteers. The emission flux of DADS increased just after grilled garlic ingestion and decreased gradually thereafter. In contrast, the dermal emission flux of AMS reached a peak at 30 min after ingestion, and then gradually decreased. This peak shift suggests AMS is relatively latent in the skin organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shodai Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshika Sekine
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Yuya Kakumu
- Innovative Technology Research Laboratory, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishiyawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0073, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hiramoto
- Innovative Technology Research Laboratory, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishiyawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0073, Japan
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Boros M, Keppler F. Methane Production and Bioactivity-A Link to Oxido-Reductive Stress. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1244. [PMID: 31611816 PMCID: PMC6776796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological methane formation is associated with anoxic environments and the activity of anaerobic prokaryotes (Archaea). However, recent studies have confirmed methane release from eukaryotes, including plants, fungi, and animals, even in the absence of microbes and in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, it was found that aerobic methane emission in plants is stimulated by a variety of environmental stress factors, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further research presented evidence that molecules with sulfur and nitrogen bonded methyl groups such as methionine or choline are carbon precursors of aerobic methane formation. Once generated, methane is widely considered to be physiologically inert in eukaryotes, but several studies have found association between mammalian methanogenesis and gastrointestinal (GI) motility changes. In addition, a number of recent reports demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential for exogenous methane-based approaches in model anoxia-reoxygenation experiments. It has also been convincingly demonstrated that methane can influence the downstream effectors of transiently increased ROS levels, including mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic pathways during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) conditions. Besides, exogenous methane can modify the outcome of gasotransmitter-mediated events in plants, and it appears that similar mechanism might be active in mammals as well. This review summarizes the relevant literature on methane-producing processes in eukaryotes, and the available results that underscore its bioactivity. The current evidences suggest that methane liberation and biological effectiveness are both linked to cellular redox regulation. The data collectively imply that exogenous methane influences the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses, which suggests a modulator role for methane in hypoxia-linked pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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The human archaeome: methodological pitfalls and knowledge gaps. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:469-482. [PMID: 33525835 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Forty years ago, archaea were described as a separate domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukarya. Although it is known for quite a long time that methanogenic archaea are substantial components of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the oral cavity, the knowledge on the human archaeome is very limited. Various methodological problems contribute to the invisibility of the human archaeome, resulting in severe knowledge gaps and contradictory information. Similar to the bacteriome, the archaeal biogeography was found to be site-specific, forming (i) the thaumarchaeal skin landscape, (ii) the (methano)euryarchaeal GIT landscape, (iii) a mixed skin/GIT landscape in nose, and (iv) a woesearchaeal lung landscape, including numerous unknown archaeal clades. Compared with so-called universal microbiome approaches, archaea-specific protocols reveal a wide diversity and high quantity of archaeal signatures in various human tissues, with up to 1 : 1 ratios of bacteria and archaea in appendix and nose samples. The archaeome interacts closely with the bacteriome and the human body cells, whereas the roles of the human-associated archaea with respect to human health are only sparsely described. Methanogenic archaea and methane production were correlated with many health issues, including constipation, periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. However, one of the most burning questions - do archaeal pathogens exist? - still remains obscure to date.
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Sekine Y, Sato S, Kimura K, Sato H, Nakai S, Yanagisawa Y. Detection of tobacco smoke emanating from human skin surface of smokers employing passive flux sampler - GCMS system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:394-401. [PMID: 29945104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for higher incidences of numerous adverse health consequences. Related health disorders are also found in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). To investigate the influence of cigarette smoking and exposure to SHS on the composition of human skin gas, a trace biogas emanating from human skin, dermal emissions of volatile compounds were semi-quantitatively measured for volunteers who smoke a cigarette and those exposed to SHS. This was performed using a passive flux sampler (PFS) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Numerous chemicals were detected, including acetaldehyde, toluene, 3-methyl furan (3-MF), 2,5-dimethyl furan (2,5-DMF), 3-ethenyl pyridine (3-EP), and nicotine, in the samples collected from the smokers after a smoking event, and a remarkable increase in the amount of chemicals collected was observed just after smoking. These chemicals were also found in the samples collected from volunteers exposed to SHS. Assessment of current smoking status is important for managing the negative effects of active and passive smoking, and for the development of public health policy. The tobacco specific chemicals such as 3-MF, 2,5-DMF, 3-EP, and nicotine, emanating from human skin surfaces, represent a potential non-invasive biomarker for monitoring current smoking status of active and passive smokers after establishing a more quantitative procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Sekine
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Shodai Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Keita Kimura
- AIREX Inc., 1-1-5 Okano, Nishi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Huis Ten Bosch-Cho 2825-7, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakai
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Yanagisawa
- Kaisei Junior & Senior High School, 4-2-4 Nishi-Nippori, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-0013, Japan
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Excessive alcohol consumption induces methane production in humans and rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7329. [PMID: 28779149 PMCID: PMC5544731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have established the possibility of non-bacterial methane (CH4) generation in oxido-reductive stress conditions in plants and animals. Increased ethanol input is leading to oxido-reductive imbalance in eukaryotes, thus our aim was to provide evidence for the possibility of ethanol-induced methanogenesis in non-CH4 producer humans, and to corroborate the in vivo relevance of this pathway in rodents. Healthy volunteers consumed 1.15 g/kg/day alcohol for 4 days and the amount of exhaled CH4 was recorded by high sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, 1.15 g/kg/day and 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol-consuming groups to detect the whole-body CH4 emissions and mitochondrial functions in liver and hippocampus samples with high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondria-targeted L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) can increase tolerance to liver injury, thus the effects of GPC supplementations were tested in further ethanol-fed groups. Alcohol consumption was accompanied by significant CH4 emissions in both human and rat series of experiments. 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol feeding reduced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of rat liver mitochondria, while GPC significantly decreased the alcohol-induced CH4 formation and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction as well. These data demonstrate a potential for ethanol to influence human methanogenesis, and suggest a biomarker role for exhaled CH4 in association with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Furukawa S, Sekine Y, Kimura K, Umezawa K, Asai S, Miyachi H. Simultaneous and multi-point measurement of ammonia emanating from human skin surface for the estimation of whole body dermal emission rate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1053:60-64. [PMID: 28411465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the members of odor gases and a possible source of odor in indoor environment. However, little has been known on the actual emission rate of ammonia from the human skin surface. Then, this study aimed to estimate the whole-body dermal emission rate of ammonia by simultaneous and multi-point measurement of emission fluxes of ammonia employing a passive flux sampler - ion chromatography system. Firstly, the emission fluxes of ammonia were non-invasively measured for ten volunteers at 13 sampling positions set in 13 anatomical regions classified by Kurazumi et al. The measured emission fluxes were then converted to partial emission rates using the surface body areas estimated by weights and heights of volunteers and partial rates of 13 body regions. Subsequent summation of the partial emission rates provided the whole body dermal emission rate of ammonia. The results ranged from 2.9 to 12mgh-1 with an average of 5.9±3.2mgh-1 per person for the ten healthy young volunteers. The values were much greater than those from human breath, and thus the dermal emission of ammonia was found more significant odor source than the breath exhalation in indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Furukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshika Sekine
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Keita Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Satomi Asai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hayato Miyachi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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12
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Kimura K, Sekine Y, Furukawa S, Takahashi M, Oikawa D. Measurement of 2-nonenal and diacetyl emanating from human skin surface employing passive flux sampler—GCMS system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:181-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Ruzsanyi V, Heinz-Erian P, Entenmann A, Karall D, Müller T, Schimkowitsch A, Amann A, Scholl-Bürgi S. Diagnosing lactose malabsorption in children: difficulties in interpreting hydrogen breath test results. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016015. [PMID: 26934035 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactose malabsorption (LM) is caused by insufficient enzymatic degradation of the disaccharide by intestinal lactase. Although hydrogen (H2) breath tests (HBTs) are routinely applied to diagnose LM, false-negative results are not uncommon. Thirty-two pediatric patients (19 females, 13 males) were included in this prospective study. After oral lactose administration (1 g kg(-1) bodyweight to a maximum of 25 g), breath H2 was measured by electrochemical detection. HBT was considered positive if H2 concentration exceeded an increase of ⩾20 ppm from baseline. In addition to H2, exhaled methane (CH4), blood glucose concentrations and clinical symptoms (flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea) were monitored. A positive HBT indicating LM was found in 12/32 (37.5%) patients. Only five (41.7%, 5/12) of these had clinical symptoms during HBT indicating lactose intolerance (LI). Decreased blood glucose concentration increments (⩽20 mg dL(-1) (⩽1.1 mmol L(-1))) were found in 3/5 of these patients. CH4 concentrations ⩾10 ppm at any time during the test were observed in 5/32 (15.6%) patients and in 9/32 (28.1%) between 1 ppm and 9 ppm above baseline after lactose ingestion. In patients with positive HBT 10/12 (83.3%) showed elevated CH4 (>1 ppm) above baseline in breath gas, whereas in patients with negative HBT this figure was only 4/17 (23.5%). In addition to determining H2 in exhaled air, documentation of clinical symptoms, measurement of blood glucose and breath CH4 concentrations may be helpful in deciding whether in a given case an HBT correctly identifies patients with clinically relevant LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ruzsanyi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Breath Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, 6850, Dornbirn, Austria
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14
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Morgott DA. Anthropogenic and biogenic sources of Ethylene and the potential for human exposure: A literature review. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 241:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Boros M, Tuboly E, Mészáros A, Amann A. The role of methane in mammalian physiology-is it a gasotransmitter? J Breath Res 2015; 9:014001. [PMID: 25624411 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian methanogenesis is widely considered to be an exclusive sign of anaerobic microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This commonly held view was challenged, however, when in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated the possibility of nonmicrobial methane formation in aerobic organisms, in plants and animals. The aim of this review is to discuss the available literature data on the biological role of methane. When we evaluate the significance of methane generation in the mammalian physiology, the question may be examined: is it a gas mediator? Overall the data do not fully support the gasotransmitter concept, but they do support the notion that methane liberation may be linked to redox regulation and may be connected with hypoxic events leading to, or associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. In this respect, the available information suggests that hypoxia-induced methane generation may be a necessary phenomenon of aerobic life, and perhaps a surviving evolutionary trait in the eukaryote cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy B. u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Lin CH, He YS, Lin CH, Fan GT, Chen HK. The use of a milli-whistle as a detector in gas analysis by gas chromatography. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:183-91. [PMID: 24420261 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review introduces a general understanding of the use of a milli-whistle as a gas chromatography (GC) detector in gas analysis, including our research on the methodology and theory associated with a number of different related applications. The milli-whistle is connected to the outlet of a GC capillary, and when the eluted gases and the GC carrier gas pass through it, a sound with a fundamental frequency is produced. The sound wave can be picked up by a microphone or an accelerometer, and after a fast Fourier transform, the online data obtained for frequency-change vs. retention time constitute a new method for detecting gases. The first part of this review discusses the fundamentals of the milli-whistle. Some modifications are also discussed, including various types of whistles and an attempt to maximize the sensitivity and stability of the method. The second part then focuses on several practical applications, including an analysis of hydrogen released from ammonia borane, inorganic gases produced from fireworks, the CO2/O2 ratio from expired human breath and a purity test for alcohols. These studies show that the GC-whistle method has great potential for use as a fast sampling ionization method, and for the direct analysis of biological and chemical samples at under ambient conditions.
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Tuboly E, Szabó A, Erős G, Mohácsi Á, Szabó G, Tengölics R, Rákhely G, Boros M. Determination of endogenous methane formation by photoacoustic spectroscopy. J Breath Res 2013; 7:046004. [PMID: 24185326 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/4/046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Marć M, Zabiegała B, Namieśnik J. Miniaturized Passive Emission Chambers for In Situ Measurement of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.744888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Marć
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Bożena Zabiegała
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
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Tuboly E, Szabó A, Garab D, Bartha G, Janovszky Á, Erős G, Szabó A, Mohácsi Á, Szabó G, Kaszaki J, Ghyczy M, Boros M. Methane biogenesis during sodium azide-induced chemical hypoxia in rats. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C207-14. [PMID: 23174561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated methane generation in aerobic cells. Our aims were to investigate the methanogenic features of sodium azide (NaN(3))-induced chemical hypoxia in the whole animal and to study the effects of l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) on endogenous methane production and inflammatory events as indicators of a NaN(3)-elicited mitochondrial dysfunction. Group 1 of Sprague-Dawley rats served as the sham-operated control; in group 2, the animals were treated with NaN(3) (14 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) sc) for 8 days. In group 3, the chronic NaN(3) administration was supplemented with daily oral GPC treatment. Group 4 served as an oral antibiotic-treated control (rifaximin, 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) targeting the intestinal bacterial flora, while group 5 received this antibiotic in parallel with NaN(3) treatment. The whole body methane production of the rats was measured by means of a newly developed method based on photoacoustic spectroscopy, the microcirculation of the liver was observed by intravital videomicroscopy, and structural changes were assessed via in vivo fluorescent confocal laser-scanning microscopy. NaN(3) administration induced a significant inflammatory reaction and methane generation independently of the methanogenic flora. After 8 days, the hepatic microcirculation was disturbed and the ATP content was decreased, without major structural damage. Methane generation, the hepatic microcirculatory changes, and the increased tissue myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase activities were reduced by GPC treatment. In conclusion, the results suggest that methane production in mammals is connected with hypoxic events associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. GPC is protective against the inflammatory consequences of a hypoxic reaction that might involve cellular or mitochondrial methane generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tuboly
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Liu W, Wang D, Tao H, Sun X. Is methane a new therapeutic gas? Med Gas Res 2012; 2:25. [PMID: 23009320 PMCID: PMC3480884 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methane is an attractive fuel. Biologically, methanogens in the colon can use carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane as a by-product. It was previously considered that methane is not utilized by humans. However, in a recent study, results demonstrated that methane could exert anti-inflammatory effects in a dog small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model. Point of view Actually, the bioactivity of methane has been investigated in gastrointestinal diseases, but the exact mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects is required to be further elucidated. Methane can cross the membrane and is easy to collect due to its abundance in natural gas. Although methane is flammable, saline rich in methane can be prepared for clinical use. These seem to be good news in application of methane as a therapeutic gas. Conclusion Several problems should be resolved before its wide application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, P,R, China.
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal methane generation has been demonstrated in various stress conditions, but it is not known whether nonasphyxiating amounts have any impact on the mammalian pathophysiology. We set out to characterize the effects of exogenous methane administration on the process of inflammatory events arising after reoxygenation in a large animal model of ischemia-reperfusion. DESIGN A randomized, controlled in vivo animal study. SETTING A university research laboratory. SUBJECTS Inbred beagle dogs (12.7 6 2 kg). INTERVENTIONS Sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized animals were randomly assigned to sham-operated or ischemia-reperfusion groups, where superior mesenteric artery occlusion was maintained for 1 hr and the subsequent reperfusion was monitored for 3 hrs. For 5 mins before reperfusion, the animals were mechanically ventilated with normoxic artificial air with or without 2.5% methane. Biological responses to methane-oxygen respirations were defined in pilot rat studies and assay systems were used with xanthine oxidase and activated canine granulocytes to test the in vitro bioactivity potential of different gas concentrations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The macrohemodynamics and small intestinal pCO(2) gap changes were recorded and peripheral blood samples were taken for plasma nitrite/nitrate and myeloperoxidase analyses. Tissue superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels and myeloperoxidase activity changes were determined in intestinal biopsy samples; structural mucosal damage was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methane inhalation did not influence the macrohemodynamics but significantly reduced the magnitude of the tissue damage and the intestinal pCO(2) gap changes after reperfusion. Furthermore, the plasma and mucosal myeloperoxidase activity and the intestinal superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels were reduced, whereas the plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were increased. Additionally, methane effectively and specifically inhibited leukocyte activation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory profile of methane. The study provides evidence that exogenous methane modulates leukocyte activation and affects key events of ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and is therefore of potential therapeutic interest in inflammatory pathologies.
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Schmidt FM, Metsälä M, Vaittinen O, Halonen L. Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin. J Breath Res 2011; 5:046004. [PMID: 21808098 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/4/046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in exhaled human breath and skin gas samples collected with different sampling techniques was measured using near-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The median baseline HCN concentrations in samples provided by 19 healthy volunteers 2-4 h after the last meal depended on the employed sampling technique: 6.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in mixed (dead space and end-tidal) mouth-exhaled breath collected to a gas sampling bag, 3.9 ppbv in end-tidal mouth-exhaled breath, 1.3 ppbv in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath, 1.0 ppbv in unwashed skin and 0.6 ppbv in washed skin samples. Diurnal measurements showed that elevated HCN levels are to be expected in mouth-exhaled breath samples after food and drink intake, which suggests HCN generation in the oral cavity. The HCN concentrations in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath and skin gas samples were correlated, and it is concluded that these concentrations best reflect systemic HCN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Schmidt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abaffy T, Möller M, Riemer DD, Milikowski C, DeFazio RA. A case report - Volatile metabolomic signature of malignant melanoma using matching skin as a control. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCE & THERAPY 2011; 3:140-144. [PMID: 22229073 PMCID: PMC3251165 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. The quest for melanoma diagnostic biomarkers is paramount since early detection of melanoma and surgical excision represent the only effective treatment of this capricious disease. Our recent study tested the hypothesis that melanoma forms a unique volatile signature that is different than control, healthy tissue. Here, we are reporting a case study, the analysis of the volatile metabolic signature of a malignant melanoma using matched, non-neoplastic skin tissue from the same patient as a control. This is a significant improvement in the methodology, since it is well known that diet, skin type, genetic background, age, sex and environment all contribute to individual variation in the skin volatile signature. In the present study, we have identified 32 volatile compounds; 9 volatile compounds were increased in melanoma when compared to normal skin and 23 volatile compounds were detected only in melanoma and not in normal skin. Out of these 32 compounds, 10 have been reported previously by our group, thus confirming our results and adding additional confidence in our untargeted metabolomics approach for detection of melanoma biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Abaffy
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Mecker Möller
- Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Daniel D. Riemer
- Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
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HISANAGA M, TSUDA T, OHKUWA T, ITO H. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Skin Gas by GC/MS. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2011. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.61.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ohira SI, Toda K. Micro gas analyzers for environmental and medical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 619:143-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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D'Amico A, Bono R, Pennazza G, Santonico M, Mantini G, Bernabei M, Zarlenga M, Roscioni C, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, Di Natale C. Identification of melanoma with a gas sensor array. Skin Res Technol 2008; 14:226-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2007.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Determination of acetaldehyde and acetone emanating from human skin using a passive flux sampler--HPLC system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:201-7. [PMID: 17951116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors have developed a new passive flux sampler (PFS), which was a simple device to determine emission fluxes of potential biomarkers such as acetaldehyde and acetone emanating from the surface of the human skin. The sampler was placed on the skin surface to create a headspace. Within the space, gases emanating from skin moved toward the trapping filter (DNPH impregnated filter) by molecular diffusion and the trapped carbonyls were subsequently determined by HPLC. The PFS was practically applied to volunteers. The emission flux varies with sampling positions, probably depending on the different emanation routes. Personal emission flux also showed great variations between individuals.
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28
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Nose K, Mizuno T, Yamane N, Kondo T, Ohtani H, Araki S, Tsuda T. Identification of Ammonia in Gas Emanated from Human Skin and Its Correlation with That in Blood. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1471-4. [PMID: 16379388 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and measuring the ammonia gas that emanates from human skin, which we called skin gas, has been achieved using a modified gas chromatographic system with a nitrogen-selective detector (flame-thermoionic detector: FTD). The skin gas is collected with a home-made sampling probe or bag, which is used to cover the skin surface of a subject's wrist, or a finger, for 5 min. It was proved that ammonia was present in skin gas for healthy persons and patients with hepatic disease. The average amounts of ammonia were 1.7 +/- 0.4 and 2.7 +/- 0.8 ng/cm2; furthermore, there was a significant difference between them (p < 0.05). In addition, the ammonia levels present in skin gas were correlated with that in blood (r = 0.64, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nose
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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