1
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Zhang Y, Ma H, Zhang Y, Dong Y. Capillary electrophoresis‐acid barrage stacking online enrichment method for highly sensitive determination of four isoflavones. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1140-1147. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuming Dong
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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2
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Alhusban AA, Hammad AM, Alzaghari LF. Simple HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of nicotine and cotinine levels in rat plasma after exposure to two different tobacco products. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Development and validation of a selective analytical method to accurately and precisely quantify nicotine and cotinine levels in rat's plasma after exposure to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco water-pipe.
Methods
An easy HPLC-Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine levels in plasma of 15 rats (10 rats after tobacco products exposure and 5 control rats). Nicotine and cotinine were extracted in one step from plasma using acetonitrile and concentrated to lowest volume using nitrogen stream.
Results
The developed method offered a rapid analysis time of 14 min with single step of analytes extraction from rat's plasma with recovery percentage range between 93 and 95% and excellent linearity with correlation factor more than 0.994 with analytical range between 50 and 1000 ng mL−1 and LOD of 25 ng mL−1 and 23 ng mL−1 for nicotine and cotinine, respectively. The analysis of rat's plasma after 28 days of exposure to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco water-pipe revealed that the average concentrations of 376 ng mL−1 for cotinine and 223 ng mL−1 for nicotine were obtained after tobacco cigarettes exposure, and 220 ng mL−1 for cotinine and 192 ng mL−1 for nicotine after tobacco water-pipe exposure.
Conclusion
Higher nicotine and cotinine levels were found in plasma after tobacco cigarettes exposure than water-pipe exposure which may have potential undesirable effects on passive smokers in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala A. Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lujain F. Alzaghari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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3
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Yang L, Pan G, Zhang P, Liu Q, Liu X, Li Y, Liang Y, Zhang M. 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector: Combining contactless conductometric and photometric detection for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338427. [PMID: 33867034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector, combining contactless conductometric detection (C4D) and photometric detection (PD), is fabricated for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The C4D Faraday shield (FS) is printed using electrically conductive composite polylactic acid (PLA) to minimize the stray capacitance. Non-conductive PLA is also used to print the insulator of FS to prevent the electrical conduction with two stainless steel electrodes. A novel collimator, consisting of two partially aligned pinholes, is printed by conductive material to collimate the light-emitting diode beam. The C4D detection has a signal-to-noise ratio of 1092 ± 2 for 200 μM potassium on a 25 μm id capillary. The PD detection shows excellent linearity with stray light down to 8% and an effective path length at 73% of a 75 μm id capillary. The analytical performance is demonstrated by CE separation and detection of cations. PD shows limits of detection (LODs) of 1.3, 0.9, and 1.7 μM for cobalt, copper and zinc, which are complexed with 4-(2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol, while C4D shows LODs of 1.2, 1.4, 21 and 2.6 μM for potassium, sodium, cobalt and zinc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guangchao Pan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Piwang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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4
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Lačná J, Přikryl J, Teshima N, Murakami H, Esaka Y, Foret F, Kubáň P. Optimization of background electrolyte composition for simultaneous contactless conductivity and fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis of biological samples. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2390-2397. [PMID: 31218732 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this article, optimization of BGE for simultaneous separation of inorganic ions, organic acids, and glutathione using dual C4 D-LIF detection in capillary electrophoresis is presented. The optimized BGE consisted of 30 mM 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid, 15 mM 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol, and 2 mM 18-crown-6 at pH 7.2 and allowed simultaneous separation of ten inorganic anions and cations, three organic acids and glutathione in 20 min. The samples were injected hydrodynamically from both capillary ends using the double-opposite end injection principle. Sensitive detection of anions, cations, and organic acids with micromolar LODs using C4 D and simultaneously glutathione with nanomolar LODs using LIF was achieved in a single run. The developed BGE may be useful in analyses of biological samples containing analytes with differing concentrations of several orders of magnitude that is not possible with single detection mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Lačná
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přikryl
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Norio Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Hiroya Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Esaka
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan
| | - František Foret
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Paul P, Reynaert J, Sänger-van de Griend C, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Development and Validation of a CE Method for the Determination of Tetracyclines with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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6
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Beutner A, Herl T, Matysik FM. Selectivity enhancement in capillary electrophoresis by means of two-dimensional separation or dual detection concepts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1057:18-35. [PMID: 30832915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the identification and quantification of analytes in complex samples, highly selective analytical strategies are required. The selectivity of single separation techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) with common detection principles can be enhanced by hyphenating orthogonal separation techniques but also by using complementary detection systems. In this review, two-dimensional systems containing CE in at least one dimension are reviewed, namely LC-CE or 2D CE systems. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of selectivity enhancement due to the orthogonality of the different separation mechanisms. As an alternative concept, dual detection approaches are reviewed using the common detectors of CE such as UV/VIS, laser-induced fluorescence, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity (C4D), electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry. Special emphasis is given to dual detection systems implementing the highly flexible C4D as one detection component. Selectivity enhancement can be achieved in case of complementarity of the different detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beutner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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7
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Beutner A, Scherer B, Matysik FM. Dual detection for non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis combining contactless conductivity detection and mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 183:33-38. [PMID: 29567184 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of two detectors is a powerful tool to enhance the overall analytical performance generating complementary information and overcoming the limitations of the single detectors. In this work, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were coupled in conjunction with non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). Non-aqueous electrolytes are highly compatible with ESI due to their volatility. Moreover, they exhibit low background conductivity, which is essential for the detection with C4D. A NACE-C4D-MS method was developed using an acetonitrile buffer containing 2 M HAc and 4 mM NH4Ac as background electrolyte. The influence of the inner diameter of the separation capillary on the C4D was studied and taken into account. A capillary with 50 µm inner diameter was found to be best suited. The complementarity of the two detectors was shown by determining a sample mixture containing choline, thiamine, nitrate, and chloride as well as bromide and acetylcholine as internal standards. The C4D was the detector of choice for the inorganic ions, which were not detectable with the MS whereas the MS had much lower limits of detections for the organic biomolecules. The method was applied on an extract of a food supplement containing the model analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beutner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Beate Scherer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Beutner A, Cunha RR, Richter EM, Matysik FM. Combining C4
D and MS as a dual detection approach for capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:931-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beutner
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; Regensburg Germany
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9
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Jing Y, Lin E, Su X, Liu Y, Li H, Yuan X, Ping L, Fan Y. Electrodeposition of Au nanoparticles on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized reduced graphene oxide sheets for voltammetric determination of nicotine in tobacco products and anti-smoking pharmaceuticals. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03399g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for nicotine detection based on a novel PDDA-RGO/Au nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Jing
- College of Tobacco Science
- Henan Agricultural University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Erge Lin
- College of Tobacco Science
- Henan Agricultural University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Xinhong Su
- Research Institute of Henan Tobacco Corporation
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Zhengzhou Branch of Henan Tobacco Corporation
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Huaiqi Li
- Technology Center of Chinese Tobacco Industrial Company of Henan
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Xiuxiu Yuan
- College of Tobacco Science
- Henan Agricultural University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Lu Ping
- Technology Center of Chinese Tobacco Industrial Company of Henan
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Yikuan Fan
- Research Institute of Henan Tobacco Corporation
- Zhengzhou
- China
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10
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Lin YH, Feng CH, Wang SW, Ko PY, Lee MH, Chen YL. Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco by Chemometric Optimization and Cation-Selective Exhaustive Injection in Combination with Sweeping-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:869719. [PMID: 26101695 PMCID: PMC4460933 DOI: 10.1155/2015/869719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a potent chemical that excites the central nervous system and refreshes people. It is also physically addictive and causes dependence. To reduce the harm of tobacco products for smokers, a law was introduced that requires tobacco product containers to be marked with the amount of nicotine as well as tar. In this paper, an online stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with cation-selective exhaustive injection sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-sweeping-MEKC) is proposed for the optimized analysis of nicotine in tobacco. A higher conductivity buffer (160 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3)) zone was injected into the capillary, allowing for the analytes to be electrokinetically injected at a voltage of 15 kV for 15 min. Using 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 25% methanol in the sweeping buffer, nicotine was detected with high sensitivity. Thus, optimized conditions adapted from a chemometric approach provided a 6000-fold increase in the nicotine detection sensitivity using the CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method in comparison to normal CZE. The limits of detection were 0.5 nM for nicotine. The stacking method in combination with direct injection which matrix components would not interfere with assay performance was successfully applied to the detection of nicotine in tobacco samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Feng
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei 252, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yun Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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11
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Present state of microchip electrophoresis: state of the art and routine applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:66-85. [PMID: 25529267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) was one of the earliest applications of the micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS) concept, whose aim is to reduce analysis time and reagent and sample consumption while increasing throughput and portability by miniaturizing analytical laboratory procedures onto a microfluidic chip. More than two decades on, electrophoresis remains the most common separation technique used in microfluidic applications. MCE-based instruments have had some commercial success and have found application in many disciplines. This review will consider the present state of MCE including recent advances in technology and both novel and routine applications in the laboratory. We will also attempt to assess the impact of MCE in the scientific community and its prospects for the future.
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12
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques-Developments from 2012 to 2014. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:195-211. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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