Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Recent Developments and Advances in View of Electrochemical Drug Sensors

Conductive boron-doped diamond (BDD), in addition to its superior material properties, offers many important advantages that make it an interesting material for electroanalytical studies. It has been considered as an excellent electrode material for electrooxidation of drug active compounds in their dosage forms or in biological materials due to its good physical and chemical properties. It contains not only the largest solvent working potential window compared to other electrode materials, but also it has low background and capacitive currents; lower problems with passivation and it has the ability to withstand extreme potentials, corrosive, and high temperature/pressure environments. The aim of this review is not only to provide a state-of-the-art of diamond electrochemistry but also to serve as a reference point for any researcher wishing to commence work with diamond electrodes and understand electrochemical data. Therefore, it is focused on the carbon-based materials, electrochemical properties of the BDD film electrode, its fundamental research, and its electrochemical pretreatment process are discussed in detail. In this case, there are important studies to show the effective BDD drug sensors for the detection and determination of drugs and the present review critically summarizes the available data in this field between 2015 and 2020.

Quantitative determination of Levomepromazine in pharmaceuticals by spectrophotometric method as its sulfoxide

The oxidative derivatization method using Diperoxyazelaic acid for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of Levomepromazine hydrochloride is presented. Diperoxyazelaic acid is introduced as a derivatizing agent for Levomepromazine, yielding the sulfoxides. This reaction product was successfully used for the spectrophotometric determination of the Levomepromazine hydrochloride. The UV spectroscopic detection of the sulfoxide proved to be a more robust and sensitive method. The elaborated method allowed the determination of Levomepromazine hydrochloride in the concentration range of 3-150 µg/mL. The limit of quantification, LOQ (10S) is 2.85 µg/mL. A new spectrophotometric technique was developed and the possibility of quantitative determination of Levomepromazine in Tisercin Solution for Injection 25mg/mL was demonstrated. The present method is precise, accurate and other excipients: anhydrous citric acid, monothioglycerol, sodium chloride did not interfere. RSD = 1.24 % (δ = –0.02 %).