Quantitative analysis of piroxicam using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction followed by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry

BACKGROUND

Piroxicam (PXM) belongs to the wide class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). PXM has been widely applied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gonarthrosis, osteoarthritis, backaches, neuralgia, mialgia. In the presented work, a green and benign sample pretreatment method called temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TCIL-DLPME) was followed with stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry (SFIS) for quantitation of PXM in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.

METHODS

Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TCIL-DLPME) was applied as an environmentally friendly sample enrichment method to extract and isolate PXM prior to quantitation. Dispersion of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Hmim][PF6]) ionic liquid (IL) through the sample aqueous solution was performed by applying a relatively high temperature. PXM was extracted into the extractor, and after phase separation, PXM in the final solution was determined by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry (SFIS).

RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION

Different factors affecting the designed method such as IL amount, diluting agent, pH and temperature were investigated in details and optimized. The method provided a linear dynamic range of 0.2-150 μg l-1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.046 μg l-1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1%. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the analytical applicability of the recommended method, it was applied for quantitation of PXM in real samples.

Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and lornoxicam by RP-HPLC in bulk and tablet formulation

Aim:

The objective of the study was to develop simple RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and lornoxicam without prior separation.

Materials and Methods:

In this method, Kromasil C8 (250 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase used was methanol:phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v, pH 6.4), at flow rate of 1 ml min^-1. UV detection was monitored at 302 nm.

Results:

Calibration graphs were established in the range of 1-150 μg ml^-1 and 0.5-100 μg ml^-1 for paracetamol and lornoxicam, respectively. The average retention time for paracetamol and lornoxicam was found to be 3.15 ± 0.03 min and 5.25 ± 0.06 min, respectively. The detection limit and quantitation limit for paracetamol are 0.19 μg ml^-1 and 0.59 μg ml^-1 and for lornoxicam 0.10 μg ml^-1 and 0.31 μg mL^-1, respectively. The intraday and interday precision expressed as percent relative standard deviation were below 2%. The mean recovery of paracetamol and lornoxicam was found to be in the range of 99.03-101.2%.

Conclusion:

The validated HPLC method was found to be rapid, precise and accurate and can be readily utilized for analysis of paracetamol and lornoxicam in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations.

Lornoxicam

A comprehensive profile on lornoxicam, the oxicam nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent which is used in the muscular skeletal and joint disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, is prepared. This profile contains the following sections: description, uses and applications, methods of preparation, physical characteristics, methods of analysis, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, reviews, and stability. The physical characteristics section includes ionization constant, solubility, partition coefficient, thermal methods of analysis. X-ray powder diffraction pattern, crystal structure, ultraviolet spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. Methods of analysis section includes spectrophotometry, polarography, and chromatography (TLC, HPLC, HPLC-MS).

Development and validation of reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of paracetamol and lornoxicam in tablet dosage form

A simple, precise, reliable, rapid and reproducible reversed phase–high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol (PCM) and Lornoxicam (LOX) present in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation achieved isocratically on Luna C₁₈ column (5 μm, 150 × 4.60 mm) and methanol/phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v, pH 7.0) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 260 nm. Parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, specificity and ruggedness are studied as reported in the ICH guidelines. The retention times for PCM and LOX was found to be 2.06±0.013and 4.38±0.07 min, respectively. Linearity for PCM and LOX was in the range of 10-50 mg/ml and 8-40 mg/ml, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for LOX and PCM were 100± 0.16 and 99.50± 0.43%, respectively, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 2. The correlation coefficients for all components are close to 1. The RSDs for three replicate measurements in three concentrations of samples in tablets are always less than 2%. Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of PCM and LOX in tablets.