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Harrison JM, Leong EK, Osborne ND, Marshall JS, Bezuhly M. AT2R Activation Improves Wound Healing in a Preclinical Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1238. [PMID: 38927444 PMCID: PMC11200587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal skin healing resulting in chronic wounds or hypertrophic scarring remains a major healthcare burden. Here, the antifibrotic angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) signaling pathway was modulated to determine its impact on cutaneous wound healing. Balb/c mice received two splinted full-thickness wounds. Topical treatments with the selective AT2R agonist compound 21 (C21) and/or selective antagonist PD123319 or saline vehicle were administered until sacrifice on post-wounding days 7 or 10. The rate of wound re-epithelialization was accelerated by PD123319 and combination treatments. In vitro, C21 significantly reduced human fibroblast migration. C21 increased both collagen and vascular densities at days 7 and 10 post-wounding and collagen I:III ratio at day 10, while PD123319 and combination treatments decreased them. Genes associated with regeneration and repair were upregulated by C21, while PD123319 treatment increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation and immune cell chemotaxis. C21 treatment reduced wound total leukocyte and neutrophil staining densities, while PD123319 increased these and macrophage densities. Overall, AT2R activation with C21 yields wounds that mature more quickly with structural, cellular, and gene expression profiles more closely approximating unwounded skin. These findings support AT2R signal modulation as a potential therapeutic target to improve skin quality during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Harrison
- Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Edwin K. Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Natasha D. Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada;
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Imani J, Bodine SPM, Lamattina AM, Ma DD, Shrestha S, Maynard DM, Bishop K, Nwokeji A, Malicdan MCV, Testa LC, Sood R, Stump B, Rosas IO, Perrella MA, Handin R, Young LR, Gochuico BR, El-Chemaly S. Dysregulated myosin in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome lung fibroblasts is associated with increased cell motility. Respir Res 2022; 23:167. [PMID: 35739508 PMCID: PMC9229912 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by improper biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs). Lung fibrosis is the leading cause of death among adults with HPS-1 and HPS-4 genetic types, which are associated with defects in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3), a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for a small GTPase, Rab32. LROs are not ubiquitously present in all cell types, and specific cells utilize LROs to accomplish dedicated functions. Fibroblasts are not known to contain LROs, and the function of BLOC-3 in fibroblasts is unclear. Here, we report that lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with HPS-1 have increased migration capacity. Silencing HPS-1 in normal lung fibroblasts similarly leads to increased migration. We also show that the increased migration is driven by elevated levels of Myosin IIB. Silencing HPS1 or RAB32 in normal lung fibroblasts leads to increased MYOSIN IIB levels. MYOSIN IIB is downstream of p38-MAPK, which is a known target of angiotensin receptor signaling. Treatment with losartan, an angiotensin receptor inhibitor, decreases MYOSIN IIB levels and impedes HPS lung fibroblast migration in vitro. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of angiotensin receptor with losartan seemed to decrease migration of HPS lung fibroblasts in vivo in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, we demonstrate that BLOC-3 plays an important role in MYOSIN IIB regulation within lung fibroblasts and contributes to fibroblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Imani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Anthony M Lamattina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane D Ma
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shikshya Shrestha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dawn M Maynard
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core Facility, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arinze Nwokeji
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren C Testa
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core Facility, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Stump
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Handin
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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3
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Keloid fibroblasts have elevated and dysfunctional mechanotransduction signaling that is independent of TGF-β. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:11-20. [PMID: 34538705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts found in keloid tissues are known to present an altered sensitivity to microenvironmental stimuli. However, the impact of changes in extracellular matrix stiffness on phenotypes of normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Investigation the impact of matrix stiffness on NFs and KFs mainly via detecting yes-associated protein (YAP) expression. METHODS We used fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates with a range from physiological to pathological stiffness values with or without TGF-β (fibrogenic inducer). Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the stiffness of fibroblasts. Cellular mechanoresponses were screened by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and Luminex assay. RESULTS KFs are stiffer than NFs with greater expression of α-SMA. In NFs, YAP nuclear translocation was induced by increasing matrix stiffness as well as by stimulation with TGF-β. In contrast, KFs showed higher baseline levels of nuclear YAP that was not responsive to matrix stiffness or TGF-β. TGF-β1 induced p-SMAD3 in both KFs and NFs, demonstrating the pathway was functional and not hyperactivated in KFs. Moreover, blebbistatin suppressed α-SMA expression and cellular stiffness in KFs, linking the elevated YAP signaling to keloid phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that whilst normal skin fibroblasts respond to matrix stiffness in vitro, keloid fibroblasts have elevated activation of mechanotransduction signaling insensitive to the microenvironment. This elevated signaling appears linked to the expression of α-SMA, suggesting a direct link to disease pathogenesis. These findings suggest changes to keloid fibroblast phenotype related to mechanotransduction contribute to disease and may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Rha EY, Kim JW, Kim JH, Yoo G. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Captopril, Improves Scar Healing in Hypertensive Rats. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:975-983. [PMID: 33456355 PMCID: PMC7807183 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cutaneous scars, with aberrant extracellular matrix accumulation, have multiple origins. Antihypertensive medications, such as calcium channel blockers, have been used to treat pathological scars. However, a relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, pathological scars, and blood pressure (BP) has never been reported. Here, we aimed to compare the differences in scar development and the effects of the administration of systemic ACE inhibitor on scar tissue in a normotensive rat, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), a hypertensive rat, and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Using an 8-mm punch, we created two full-thickness skin defects in a total of 32 rats (16 WKY and 16 SHR) to obtain a total of 64 wounds. We established control WKY (n = 16), captopril-treated WKY (n = 16), control SHR (n = 16), and captopril-treated SHR (n = 16) groups and started captopril (100 mg/g per day) treatment on day 21 in the appropriate groups. The BP of all groups was measured at 0, 3, and 5 weeks. The scar area was measured by histopathological examination, and scarring was expressed in terms of scar area and fibroblast and capillary counts. The expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 47, type I and III collagens, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ki67, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The scar area and fibroblast count were significantly higher in control SHR than in control WKY. The scar area, fibroblast count, and capillary count were significantly smaller in captopril-treated SHR than in control SHR. Immunostaining for α-SMA, Ki67, and VEGF also showed a noticeable decrease in scarring in the treated SHR compared with that in control SHR. Thus, BP affects scar development in a rat model, and an ACE inhibitor is more effective at reducing scars in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Rha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeol Yoo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zouboulis CC, Zouridaki E. Cryosurgery as a Single Agent and in Combination with Intralesional Corticosteroids Is Effective on Young, Small Keloids and Induces Characteristic Histological and Immunohistological Changes: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Dermatology 2020; 237:396-406. [PMID: 33279888 DOI: 10.1159/000511624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the pathogenesis of keloids is poorly understood, there is no sound biological basis of keloid management. Few controlled therapeutic studies have been published, and recurrences are a major reason for treatment failure. OBJECTIVE To detect efficacy and safety of cryosurgery regimens on keloids and the occurring biological changes caused by the treatment. METHODS This prospective randomized study compared efficacy and tolerability as well as histological/immunohistochemical effects of liquid nitrogen contact cryosurgery as a single regimen (group A) and combined with intralesional corticosteroids (group B) on young (<2 years old), small (≤10 cm2) keloids in 40 patients (2-sided effect, α-error 1%, power 95%). RESULTS Marked flattening of the lesions was achieved by both regimens. Median lesional volumes decreased from 106 to 7 mm3 in group A (p = 0.001) and from 138 to 6 mm3 in group B (p < 0.0001; ns, between groups). Good to excellent responses were registered in 83.3 and 90% of patients in groups A and B, respectively, by evaluating the lesional volume, in 80 and 95% of patients by the physician's evaluation and in 95% of patients in either group by the patient's assessment. Follow-up of 6-36 months revealed no further significant changes. Cryosurgery was generally well tolerated, with minor pain during treatment not requiring (27.5%) or requiring local anaesthesia (5%) - but not analgesics -, and hypopigmentation (25%). Histological examination showed increased vessel number and lumen dilatation after treatment in group B and reduction of rete ridge length in both groups with more prominent changes in group A. Tenascin C staining demarcated keloids from normal skin before therapy, while after therapy the entire treated tissue was labelled. Interferon-γ expression was significantly decreased after therapy both regarding positively stained cells and intensity in both groups. CONCLUSION Cryosurgery without and with intralesional corticosteroids is effective and safe on young, small keloids not only as a destructive physical procedure, but also by inducing biochemical and immunological scar rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany,
| | - Eftychia Zouridaki
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lu YY, Fang CC, Hong CH, Wu CH, Lin YH, Chang KL, Lee CH. Nonmuscle Myosin II Activation Regulates Cell Proliferation, Cell Contraction, and Myofibroblast Differentiation in Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:491-501. [PMID: 32941122 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Keloid is an abnormal scar that often develops in high-tension skin. It is caused by excessive fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. Nonmuscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) is an important motor protein that regulates the mechanical transduction of cells. However, the role of NM-IIA in keloid pathogenesis remains unclear. Approach: NM-IIA expression was examined and compared in keloid skin and normal skin by immunofluorescence. The organization of smooth muscle actin (SMA)-mediated stress fibers in normal and keloid fibroblasts (NFs and KFs, respectively) were determined. Cell proliferation and cell contractility were measured in fibroblasts derived from normal and keloids. The NM-II pharmacological inhibitor (blebbistatin) and RNA interference were applied to block NM-IIA and investigate its regulatory role in SMA-mediated stress fibers, cell contractility, and cell proliferation after NM-IIA inhibition. Results: NM-IIA expression is increased in keloid tissue. Inhibition of NM-II by blebbistatin or targeting NM-IIA by RNA interference reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-mediated SMA-mediated stress fiber formation, cell proliferation, and cell contractility of NFs and KFs. Although TGF-β failed to mediate phosphorylation of myosin light chain (pMLC, the activator of NM-II), pMLC can interact with SMA-mediated stress fiber. Finally, inhibition of NM-II by blebbistatin also reduced NF and KF proliferation after TGF-β stimulation. Innovation: NM-IIA synergizes with TGF-β to regulate fibroblast proliferation, contraction activity, and myofibroblasts differentiation. Conclusion: NM-IIA might be one of the therapeutic targets in keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Fang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pazik J, Oldak M, Oziębło D, Materkowska DD, Sadowska A, Malejczyk J, Durlik M. Effect of donor non-muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH9) gene polymorphisms on clinically relevant kidney allograft dysfunction. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:380. [PMID: 32873246 PMCID: PMC7465840 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its established association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) the role of myosin-9 (MYH9) gene variation on transplanted kidney function remains unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of donor MYH9 nephrogenic variants on renal allograft function within the first post transplantation year. METHODS In the longitudinal kidney transplant study 207 deceased donors were genotyped for previously known risk MYH9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The predictor was MYH9 high-risk variants status. The primary outcome was mean eGFR found in low vs. high risk MYH9 genotypes between third and twelfth post-transplant month, the secondary outcome was the risk of proteinuria. RESULTS Distribution of genotypes remained in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The T allele of rs3752462 (dominant model, TT or TC vs. CC) was associated with higher filtration rate (P = 0.05) in a multivariate analysis after adjusting for delayed graft function and donor sex. Two G alleles of rs136211 (recessive model, GG vs. GA or AA) resulted in doubling the risk of proteinuria (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.18-4.37, P = 0.017) after adjusting for donor and recipient sex. CONCLUSION Deceased donor kidneys of European descent harboring MYH9 SNPs rs3752462 T allele show significantly superior estimated filtration rate while those of rs136211 GG genotype excessive risk of proteinuria. These findings, if replicated, may further inform and improve individualization of allocation and treatment policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pazik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Oldak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Dęborska Materkowska
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Malejczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
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Pizzatto LN, Meneses CCB, Diniz EA, Dionísio TJ, Santos CF, Sipert CR. Angiotensin II Regulates Proliferation and Function of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. J Endod 2020; 46:810-817. [PMID: 32331838 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) may be affected by inflammatory mediators released by activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from infected pulpal cavities of necrotic immature teeth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the modulation of SCAP in vitro. METHODS Primary cultures of SCAP were incubated with LPS (0.1-10 μg/mL) for cell viability and quantification of the chemokine CCL2. Components of RAS were searched by gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGTN), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renin, angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2), and Mas receptor. Ang II was investigated in SCAP supernatants. Immunofluorescence was used to detect AGTN and AT1. Next, cells were treated with Ang II for viability/proliferation assessment, quantification of CCL2 and interleukin 6, and mineralization assay. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance using Tukey post hoc comparisons or the Student t test. P values <.05 were considered to be significant. RESULTS LPS increased CCL2 production at 1 and 10 μg/mL. The gene expression of AGTN, renin, ACE, and AT1 was detected, but only ACE was increased by LPS. Ang II peptide was found in SCAP supernatants but unaltered by LPS. Both AGTN and AT1 proteins were detected by immunostaining. Ang II significantly induced SCAP proliferation, increased CCL2 production, down-regulated IL-6 release, and reduced the SCAP mineralization rate. CONCLUSIONS A local RAS was found at the apical papilla, and Ang II was able to modulate SCAP function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Nicolay Pizzatto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C B Meneses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa A Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carla R Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Targeting Myosin by Blebbistatin Derivatives: Optimization and Pharmacological Potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:700-713. [PMID: 30057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a widely used inhibitor of myosin 2 that enables the study of a broad range of cytoskeleton-related processes. However, blebbistatin has several limitations hindering its applicability: it is fluorescent, poorly water soluble, cytotoxic, and prone to (photo)degradation. Despite these adverse effects, being the only available myosin 2-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin is rather a choice of necessity. Blebbistatin has been modified to improve its properties and some of the new compounds have proven to be useful replacements of the original molecule. This review summarizes recent results on blebbistatin development. We also discuss the pharmacological perspectives of these efforts, as myosins are becoming promising drug target candidates for a variety of conditions ranging from neurodegeneration to muscle disease, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Á Rauscher
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Chen L, Xing Q, Zhai Q, Tahtinen M, Zhou F, Chen L, Xu Y, Qi S, Zhao F. Pre-vascularization Enhances Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets in Full Thickness Skin Wound Repair. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:117-131. [PMID: 28042321 PMCID: PMC5196890 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Split thickness skin graft (STSG) implantation is one of the standard therapies for full thickness wound repair when full thickness autologous skin grafts (FTG) or skin flap transplants are inapplicable. Combined transplantation of STSG with dermal substitute could enhance its therapeutic effects but the results remain unsatisfactory due to insufficient blood supply at early stages, which causes graft necrosis and fibrosis. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) sheets are capable of accelerating the wound healing process. We hypothesized that pre-vascularized hMSC sheets would further improve regeneration by providing more versatile angiogenic factors and pre-formed microvessels. In this work, in vitro cultured hMSC cell sheets (HCS) and pre-vascularized hMSC cell sheets (PHCS) were implanted in a rat full thickness skin wound model covered with an autologous STSG. Results demonstrated that the HCS and the PHCS implantations significantly reduced skin contraction and improved cosmetic appearance relative to the STSG control group. The PHCS group experienced the least hemorrhage and necrosis, and lowest inflammatory cell infiltration. It also induced the highest neovascularization in early stages, which established a robust blood micro-circulation to support grafts survival and tissue regeneration. Moreover, the PHCS grafts preserved the largest amount of skin appendages, including hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and developed the smallest epidermal thickness. The superior therapeutic effects seen in PHCS groups were attributed to the elevated presence of growth factors and cytokines in the pre-vascularized cell sheet, which exerted a beneficial paracrine signaling during wound repair. Hence, the strategy of combining STSG with PHCS implantation appears to be a promising approach in regenerative treatment of full thickness skin wounds.
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Ibrahim MM, Bond J, Bergeron A, Miller KJ, Ehanire T, Quiles C, Lorden ER, Medina MA, Fisher M, Klitzman B, Selim MA, Leong KW, Levinson H. A novel immune competent murine hypertrophic scar contracture model: a tool to elucidate disease mechanism and develop new therapies. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:755-64. [PMID: 25327261 PMCID: PMC4304906 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HSc) contraction following burn injury causes contractures. Contractures are painful and disfiguring. Current therapies are marginally effective. To study pathogenesis and develop new therapies, a murine model is needed. We have created a validated immune-competent murine HSc model. A third-degree burn was created on dorsum of C57BL/6 mice. Three days postburn, tissue was excised and grafted with ear skin. Graft contraction was analyzed and tissue harvested on different time points. Outcomes were compared with human condition to validate the model. To confirm graft survival, green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were used, and histologic analysis was performed to differentiate between ear and back skin. Role of panniculus carnosus in contraction was analyzed. Cellularity was assessed with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Collagen maturation was assessed with Picro-sirius red. Mast cells were stained with Toluidine blue. Macrophages were detected with F4/80 immune. Vascularity was assessed with CD31 immune. RNA for contractile proteins was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Elastic moduli of skin and scar tissue were analyzed using a microstrain analyzer. Grafts contracted to ∼45% of their original size by day 14 and maintained their size. Grafting of GFP mouse skin onto wild-type mice, and analysis of dermal thickness and hair follicle density, confirmed graft survival. Interestingly, hair follicles disappeared after grafting and regenerated in ear skin configuration by day 30. Radiological analysis revealed that panniculus carnosus doesn't contribute to contraction. Microscopic analyses showed that grafts show increase in cellularity. Granulation tissue formed after day 3. Collagen analysis revealed increases in collagen maturation over time. CD31 stain revealed increased vascularity. Macrophages and mast cells were increased. qRT-PCR showed up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta, alpha smooth muscle actin, and rho-associated protein kinase 2 in HSc. Tensile testing revealed that human skin and scar tissues are tougher than mouse skin and scar tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Magdy Ibrahim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Velez Edwards DR, Tsosie KS, Williams SM, Edwards TL, Russell SB. Admixture mapping identifies a locus at 15q21.2-22.3 associated with keloid formation in African Americans. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1513-23. [PMID: 25280642 PMCID: PMC4334317 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are benign dermal tumors that occur ~20 times more often in African versus Caucasian descent individuals. While most keloids occur sporadically, a genetic predisposition is supported by both familial aggregation of some keloids and the large differences in risk among populations. Yet, no well-established genetic risk factors for keloids have been identified. In this study, we conducted admixture mapping and whole-exome association using 478 African Americans (AAs) samples (122 cases, 356 controls) with exome genotyping data to identify regions where local ancestry associated with keloid risk. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations under admixture peaks. A significant mapping peak was observed on chr15q21.2-22.3. This peak included NEDD4, a gene previously implicated in a keloid genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Japanese individuals later validated in a Chinese cohort. While we observed modest evidence for association with NEDD4, a more significant association was observed at (myosin 1E) MYO1E. A genome scan not including the 15q21-22 region also identified associations at MYO7A (rs35641839, odds ratio [OR] = 4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.38-9.32, p = 8.34 × 10(-6)) at 11q13.5. The identification of SNPs in two myosin genes strongly associated with keloid formation suggests that an altered cytoskeleton contributes to the enhanced migratory and invasive properties of keloid fibroblasts. Our findings support the admixture mapping approach for the study of keloid risk, and indicate potentially common genetic elements on chr15q21.2-22.3 in causation of keloids in AAs, Japanese, and Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600 6th Floor, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA,
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13
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Ehanire T, Ren L, Bond J, Medina M, Li G, Bashirov L, Chen L, Kokosis G, Ibrahim M, Selim A, Blobe GC, Levinson H. Angiotensin II stimulates canonical TGF-β signaling pathway through angiotensin type 1 receptor to induce granulation tissue contraction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:289-302. [PMID: 25345602 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertrophic scar contraction (HSc) is caused by granulation tissue contraction propagated by myofibroblast and fibroblast migration and contractility. Identifying the stimulants that promote migration and contractility is key to mitigating HSc. Angiotensin II (AngII) promotes migration and contractility of heart, liver, and lung fibroblasts; thus, we investigated the mechanisms of AngII in HSc. Human scar and unwounded dermis were immunostained for AngII receptors angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor) and analyzed for AT1 receptor expression using Western blot. In vitro assays of fibroblast contraction and migration under AngII stimulation were conducted with AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, p38, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), MEK, and activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) antagonism. Excisional wounds were created on AT1 receptor KO and wild-type (WT) mice treated with AngII ± losartan and ALK5 and JNK inhibitors SB-431542 and SP-600125, respectively. Granulation tissue contraction was quantified, and wounds were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. AT1 receptor expression was increased in scar, but not unwounded tissue. AngII induced fibroblast contraction and migration through AT1 receptor. Cell migration was inhibited by ALK5 and JNK, but not p38 or MEK blockade. In vivo experiments determined that absence of AT1 receptor and chemical AT1 receptor antagonism diminished granulation tissue contraction while AngII stimulated wound contraction. AngII granulation tissue contraction was diminished by ALK5 inhibition, but not JNK. AngII promotes granulation tissue contraction through AT1 receptor and downstream canonical transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, ALK5. Further understanding the pathogenesis of HSc as an integrated signaling mechanism could improve our approach to establishing effective therapeutic interventions. KEY MESSAGE AT1 receptor expression is increased in scar tissue compared to unwounded tissue. AngII stimulates expression of proteins that confer cell migration and contraction. AngII stimulates fibroblast migration and contraction through AT1 receptor, ALK5, and JNK. AngII-stimulated in vivo granulation tissue contraction is AT1 receptor and ALK5 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosan Ehanire
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (DUMC), Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Zaina S, Heyn H, Carmona FJ, Varol N, Sayols S, Condom E, Ramírez-Ruz J, Gomez A, Gonçalves I, Moran S, Esteller M. DNA methylation map of human atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:692-700. [PMID: 25091541 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, DNA methylation, a reversible and highly regulated DNA modification, could influence disease onset and progression because it functions as an effector for environmental influences, including diet and lifestyle, both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS To address the role of DNA methylation changes in atherosclerosis, we compared a donor-matched healthy and atherosclerotic human aorta sample using whole-genome shotgun bisulfite sequencing. We observed that the atherosclerotic portion of the aorta was hypermethylated across many genomic loci in comparison with the matched healthy counterpart. Furthermore, we defined specific loci of differential DNA methylation using a set of donor-matched aortic samples and a high-density (>450 000 CpG sites) DNA methylation microarray. The functional importance in the disease was corroborated by crossing the DNA methylation signature with the corresponding expression data of the same samples. Among the differentially methylated CpGs associated with atherosclerosis onset, we identified genes participating in endothelial and smooth muscle functions. These findings provide new clues toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify an atherosclerosis-specific DNA methylation profile that highlights the contribution of different genes and pathways to the disorder. Interestingly, the observed gain of DNA methylation in the atherosclerotic lesions justifies efforts to develop DNA demethylating agents for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Zaina
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
| | - Holger Heyn
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - F Javier Carmona
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Nuray Varol
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Sergi Sayols
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Enric Condom
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - José Ramírez-Ruz
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Antonio Gomez
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Sebastian Moran
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Manel Esteller
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
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Keeling BH, Taylor BR. Keloids and non-diabetic kidney disease: similarities and the APOL1-MYH9 haplotype as a possible genetic link. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:908-10. [PMID: 24011553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Keloids and non-diabetic kidney disease are both fibrotic processes that disproportionately affect persons of African descent. Despite similarities in these conditions, the authors identified no studies to date investigating a shared genetic etiology. MYH9 and APOL1 are in linkage disequilibrium and have both been associated with non-diabetic kidney disease. MYH9 codes for a non-muscle myosin that is involved in cell adhesion and locomotion and is known to be overexpressed in keloids. Variations in APOL1 confer resistance to subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei, which may explain why otherwise deleterious genetic alterations in this haplotype could have gained prominence. We feel that the pathophysiological and epidemiological overlap between keloids and non-diabetic kidney disease support a common genetic origin and further investigation into keloids and the MYH9-APOL1 haplotype and keloids is warranted. Furthermore, we feel this haplotype might offer insight into thrombosis, stroke and other conditions that disproportionately affect persons of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett H Keeling
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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