1
|
He QN, Chen L, Hu HY, Yang Z, Huang JY, Miao SL, Chen FF. Role of spleen density in predicting postoperative complications in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Vascular 2023:17085381231164663. [PMID: 36946194 DOI: 10.1177/17085381231164663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening surgical emergency with a poor prognosis. This study assessed the association of diffuse reduction of spleen density (DROSD) with postoperative complications and identified risk factors for adverse outcomes in AMI patients after surgery. METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with AMI and underwent surgical operations between April 2006 and July 2021 were enrolled. Spleen density was assessed using preoperative non-enhanced computed tomography. The lowest quartile of spleen density in all patients was regarded as the cutoff value for DROSD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors related to postoperative outcomes after surgery. RESULTS According to the diagnostic cutoff, patients with a spleen density ≤49.07 HU were defined as DROSD. In a cohort of 97 patients, 34.0% developed complications within 30 days of surgery. The multivariate analysis illustrated that DROSD was an independent risk factor for prognostic outcomes in AMI patients after surgery. CONCLUSION Patients with low spleen density were prone to postoperative complications. As an imaging method, preoperative assessment of spleen density is a novel predictor that can be used clinically to identify high-risk AMI patients with poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Na He
- The First Clinical Medical College, 26453Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, 26453Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han-Yu Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, 26453Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yong Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 26453The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shou-Liang Miao
- Department of Radiology, 26453The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan-Feng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 26453The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Duan X, Gao Z, Yang N, Xue F. AICAR attenuates postoperative abdominal adhesion formation by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting mesothelial cell repair. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272928. [PMID: 36048820 PMCID: PMC9436141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative abdominal adhesion is one of most common complications after abdominal operations. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) is an adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway agonist that inhibits inflammation, reduces cell fibrosis and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury, promotes autophagy and mitochondrial function. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of AICAR in inhibiting adhesion formation. Materials and methods Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups. All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model. The rats in the sodium hyaluronate group were treated with 2 mL sodium hyaluronate before closing the peritoneal cavity. The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively. Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair’s system. Inflammation was assessed by Eosin-hematoxylin (HE) staining and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) detection. Oxidative stress effect was determined by ROS, nitric oxide (NO) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in adhesion tissue. Then, Sirius red picric acid staining was used to detect the fiber thickness. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was also performed. Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining. Results The rats in the AICAR-treated group had fewer adhesion formation incidences and a reduced Nair’s score. The inflammation was determined by HE staining and TGF-β1 concentration. The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control. However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments. In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group. Conclusion AICAR can inhibit postoperative adhesion formation by reducing inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress response and promoting peritoneal mesothelial cell repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Wu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianglong Duan
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengzhan Gao
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ni Yang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Xue
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ryter SW. Targeting AMPK and the Nrf2/HO-1 axis: a promising therapeutic strategy in acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/6/2102238. [PMID: 34949686 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02238-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
4
|
Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9985701. [PMID: 34188755 PMCID: PMC8195661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9985701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common type of tissue and organ injury, secondary to intestinal and mesenteric vascular diseases. II/R is characterized by a high incidence rate and mortality. In the II/R process, intestinal barrier function is impaired and bacterial translocation leads to excessive reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokine release, and even apoptosis. A large number of inflammatory mediators and oxidative factors are released into the circulation, leading to severe systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure of the lung, liver, and kidney. Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most common complication, which gradually develops into acute respiratory distress syndrome and is the main cause of its high mortality. This review summarizes the signal transduction pathways and key molecules in the pathophysiological process of ALI induced by II/R injury and provides a new therapeutic basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of ALI induced by II/R injury. In particular, this article will focus on the biomarkers involved in II/R-induced ALI.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This review attempts to unveil the possible mechanisms underlying how gut lymph affects lung and further gives rise to acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as potential interventional targets under the condition of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We searched electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant literatures published up to December 2019. We enrolled the literatures including the Mesh Terms of “gut lymph or intestinal lymph and acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome.” Gut is considered to be the origin of systemic inflammation and the engine of multiple organ distress syndrome in the field of critical care medicine, whereas gut lymph plays a pivotal role in initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. In fact, in the having been established pathologic model of sepsis leading to multiple organ dysfunction named by Gut Lymph theory, a variety of literatures showed the position and role of changes in gut lymph components in the initiation of systemic inflammatory response, which allows us to screen out potential intervention targets to pave the way for future clinic and basic research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Almoiliqy M, Wen J, Qaed E, Sun Y, Lian M, Mousa H, Al-Azab M, Zaky MY, Chen D, Wang L, AL-Sharabi A, Liu Z, Sun P, Lin Y. Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde against Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung and Liver Injuries in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4196548. [PMID: 33381264 PMCID: PMC7748914 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4196548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and reveal the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) against mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion- (I/R-) induced lung and liver injuries and the related mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats were pretreated for three days with 10 or 40 mg/kg/d, ig of CA, and then induced with mesenteric ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. The results indicated that pretreatment with 10 or 40 mg/kg of CA attenuated morphological damage in both lung and liver tissues of mesenteric I/R-injured rats. CA pretreatment significantly restored the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in mesenteric I/R-injured liver tissues, indicating the improvement of hepatic function. CA also significantly attenuated the inflammation via reducing myeloperoxidase (MOP) activity and downregulating the expression of inflammation-related proteins, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and tumor necrosis factor receptor type-2 (TNFR-2) in both lung and liver tissues of mesenteric I/R-injured rats. Pretreatment with CA significantly downregulated nuclear factor kappa B- (NF-κB-) related protein expressions (NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, I kappa B alpha (IK-α), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ)) in both lung and liver tissues of mesenteric I/R-injured rats. CA also significantly downregulated the protein expression of p53 family members, including caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and p53, and restored Bcl-2 in both lung and liver tissues of mesenteric I/R-injured rats. CA pretreatment significantly reduced TUNEL-apoptotic cells and significantly inhibited p53 and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in both lung and liver tissues of mesenteric I/R-injured rats. CA neither induced pulmonary and hepatic histological alterations nor affected the parameters of inflammation and apoptosis in sham rats. We conclude that CA alleviated mesenteric I/R-induced pulmonary and hepatic injuries via attenuating apoptosis and inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and p53 pathways in rats, suggesting the potential role of CA in remote organ ischemic injury protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Almoiliqy
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengqiao Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Haithm Mousa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Abdulkarem AL-Sharabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang S, Fan Q, Xu M, Cheng F, Li Z, Ding G, Geng L, Fu T. Hydrogen-rich saline protects intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis pathway. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2811-2819. [PMID: 32169342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 each): Sham group, I/R group, HRS group and 4-PBA group. After 45 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed to collect serum and ileum for detection. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the morphology of small intestine. The serum expression levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Imunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect key proteins in intestinal epithelial TJs, ERS, and ERS-induced apoptosis, including occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-3. Data was presented as mean ± SEM and compared using one-way ANOVA. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared with rats in the I/R group, the Chiu score of ileum damage in the HRS group and 4-PBA group were lower. The levels of serum IFABP, TNF-α, and IL-1β were statistically significant among the groups. Increased expression of TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 by reducing various parameters of ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis evidenced by down-regulation of the protein levels of GRP78, XBP1, CHOP and caspase-3 were shown in the HRS and 4-PBA groups. CONCLUSION HRS had potential protective effects on intestinal barrier in IIRI rats. This study suggested that inhibition of excessive ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis by HRS may reduce intestinal epithelial cells damage and maintain the integrity of intestinal epithelial TJ barrier in rats with IIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Qizhong Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Fengchun Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Guojian Ding
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Tingliang Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koike Y, Li B, Lee C, Alganabi M, Zhu H, Chusilp S, Lee D, Cheng S, Li Q, Pierro A. The intestinal injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion is attenuated by amniotic fluid stem cells via the release of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 protein. FASEB J 2020; 34:6824-6836. [PMID: 32223023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902892rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is implicated in the pathogenesis of various acute intestinal injuries. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) are beneficial in experimental intestinal diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6 (TSG-6) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate if AFSC secreted TSG-6 reduces inflammation and rescues intestinal I/R injury. The superior mesenteric artery of 3-week-old rats was occluded for 90 minutes and green fluorescent protein-labeled AFSC or recombinant TSG-6 was injected intravenously upon reperfusion. AFSC distribution was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours after I/R. AFSC and TSG-6 effects on the intestine were assessed 48 hours postsurgery. Intestinal organoids were used to study the effects of TSG-6 after hypoxia-induced epithelial damage. After I/R-induced intestinal injury, AFSC migrated preferentially to the ileum, the primary site of injury, through blood circulation. Engrafted AFSC reduced ileum injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These AFSC-mediated beneficial effects were dependent on secretion of TSG-6. Administration of TSG-6 protected against hypoxia-induced epithelial damage in intestinal organoids. Finally, TSG-6 attenuated intestinal damage during I/R by suppressing genes involved in wound and injury pathways. This study indicates that AFSC or TSG-6 have the potential of rescuing the intestine from the damage caused by I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Koike
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Paediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mashriq Alganabi
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sinobol Chusilp
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shigang Cheng
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abl family tyrosine kinases govern IgG extravasation in the skin in a murine pemphigus model. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4432. [PMID: 31570755 PMCID: PMC6769004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathway of homeostatic IgG extravasation is not fully understood, in spite of its importance for the maintenance of host immunity, the management of autoantibody-mediated disorders, and the use of antibody-based biologics. Here we show in a murine model of pemphigus, a prototypic cutaneous autoantibody-mediated disorder, that blood-circulating IgG extravasates into the skin in a time- and dose-dependent manner under homeostatic conditions. This IgG extravasation is unaffected by depletion of Fcγ receptors, but is largely attenuated by specific ablation of dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicle formation in blood endothelial cells (BECs). Among dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicles, IgG co-localizes well with caveolae in cultured BECs. An Abl family tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which reduces caveolae-mediated endocytosis, impairs IgG extravasation in the skin and attenuates the murine pemphigus manifestations. Our study highlights the kinetics of IgG extravasation in vivo, which might be a clue to understand the pathological mechanism of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disorders. How antibody reaches tissues from circulation is critical for understanding antibody-mediated immunity. Here the authors show that IgG extravasation in the skin is mediated by endothelial caveolin transport independently of FcR, and is targetable by imatinib, which reduces IgG-dependent pathology in a mouse model of pemphigus.
Collapse
|
10
|
Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor protects intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by protecting the crypt cell proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:449-464. [PMID: 30705108 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical event related with high mortality in patients undergoing surgery or trauma. Estrogen exerts salutary effect on intestinal I/R injury, but the receptor type is not totally understood. We aimed to identify whether the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) could protect the intestine against I/R injury and explored the mechanism. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intestinal I/R injury by clamping (45 min) of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 4 h of intestinal reperfusion. Our results revealed that the selective GPER blocker abolished the protective effect of estrogen on intestinal I/R injury. Selective GPER agonist G-1 significantly alleviated I/R-induced intestinal mucosal damage, neutrophil infiltration, up-regulation of TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression, and restored impaired intestinal barrier function. G-1 could ameliorate the impaired crypt cell proliferation ability induced by I/R and restore the decrease in villus height and crypt depth. The up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression after I/R treatment was attenuated by G-1 administration. Moreover, selective iNOS inhibitor had a similar effect with G-1 on promoting the proliferation of crypt cells in the intestinal I/R model. Both GPER and iNOS were expressed in leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) positive stem cells in crypt. Together, these findings demonstrate that GPER activation can prompt epithelial cell repair following intestinal injury, which occurred at least in part by inhibiting the iNOS expression in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). GPER may be a novel therapeutic target for intestinal I/R injury.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Tognolini M. Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion: an overview of preclinical drug strategies. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1416-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Simvastatin Ameliorates PAK4 Inhibitor-Induced Gut and Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2017:8314276. [PMID: 29445744 PMCID: PMC5763212 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8314276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
P21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a key regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangement and endothelial microparticles (EMPs), is released after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, it participates in LPS-induced lung injury. In this study, forty-eight Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups, including PAK4 inhibitor (P) and PAK4 inhibitor + simvastatin (P + S) treatment groups. All rats were given PAK4 inhibitor (15 mg/kg/d) orally. Immediately after PAK4 inhibitor administration, simvastatin was injected intraperitoneally to P + S group animals at 20 mg/kg/day. Then, treatment effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier and lung injury caused by PAK4 inhibitor and simvastatin were assessed. The results showed that gut Zonula Occludens- (ZO-) 1, PAK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPAK4), and CD11c protein levels were reduced, while plasma endotoxin levels were increased after administration of PAK4 inhibitor. Furthermore, compared with normal rats, wet-to-dry (W/D) values of lung tissues and circulating EMP levels were increased in the treatment group, while PAK4 and CD11c protein amounts were reduced. Therefore, in this lung injury process induced by PAK4 inhibitor, the protective effects of simvastatin were reflected by intestinal mucosal barrier protection, inflammatory response regulation via CD11c+ cells, and cytoskeleton stabilization. In summary, PAK4 is a key regulator in the pathophysiological process of acute lung injury (ALI) and can be a useful target for ALI treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Raniga K, Liang C. Interferons: Reprogramming the Metabolic Network against Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:E36. [PMID: 29342871 PMCID: PMC5795449 DOI: 10.3390/v10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host and induce drastic metabolic changes to ensure an optimal environment for replication and the production of viral progenies. In response, the host has developed diverse countermeasures to sense and limit these alterations to combat viral infection. One such host mechanism is through interferon signaling. Interferons are cytokines that enhances the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) whose products are key players in the innate immune response to viral infection. In addition to their direct targeting of viral components, interferons and ISGs exert profound effects on cellular metabolism. Recent studies have started to illuminate on the specific role of interferon in rewiring cellular metabolism to activate immune cells and limit viral infection. This review reflects on our current understanding of the complex networking that occurs between the virus and host at the interface of cellular metabolism, with a focus on the ISGs in particular, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), which were recently discovered to modulate specific metabolic events and consequently deter viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang Y, Ratz PH, Miner AS, Locke VA, Chen G, Chen Y, Barbee RW. AICAR Administration Attenuates Hemorrhagic Hyperglycemia and Lowers Oxygen Debt in Anesthetized Male Rabbits. Front Physiol 2017; 8:692. [PMID: 28955248 PMCID: PMC5601404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many strategies have been utilized to treat traumatic shock via improved oxygen delivery (DO2), while fewer have been used to in an attempt to reduce oxygen demand (VO2). The cellular energy sensor 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has the potential to modulate both whole-body DO2 and VO2. Therefore, we determined the effect of the AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribonucleoside) given acutely or chronically on key metabolites, hemodynamics, and oxygen consumption/delivery before and during hemorrhage in anesthetized male rabbits. Methods: Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage. Both acutely and chronically treated animals were sedated (ketamine/xylazine cocktail) the morning of the terminal experiment and surgically prepared for hemorrhage, including the implantation of arterial and venous catheters (for blood removal/sampling and drug/vehicle administration) and thoracotomy for implantation of transit-time flow transducers (for cardiac output determination). Results: AICAR given acutely lowered arterial blood glucose and increased blood lactate levels before hemorrhage, and abolished the well-documented hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia seen in vehicle treated animals. Animals given AICAR chronically had blunted hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia without prior baseline changes. Chronically treated AICAR animals showed significantly lower lactate levels during hemorrhage. Rabbits receiving AICAR both acutely and chronically experienced similar falls in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and hence DO2 to their vehicle counterparts throughout the hemorrhage period. However, rabbits treated either acutely or chronically with AICAR accumulated lower oxygen deficits and debt during hemorrhage compared to vehicle-infused controls. Conclusions: The oxygen debt data suggest that AMPK activation could decrease trauma associated morbidity and mortality, perhaps by mechanisms related to increased glucose utilization. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of AICAR and associated mechanisms of action when given during resuscitation from hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States.,Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Paul H Ratz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Amy S Miner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Victoria A Locke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Grace Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert W Barbee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santos CHMD, Aydos RD, Nogueira Neto E, Miiji LNO, Cassino PC, Alves II, Calheiros NM, Garcia M. Evaluation of Pulmonary Reperfusion Injury in Rats Undergoing Mesenteric Ischemia and Reperfusion and Protective Effect of Postconditioning on this Process. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 30:533-7. [PMID: 26735599 PMCID: PMC4690657 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20150067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some publications have demonstrated the presence of lung reperfusion injury
in mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), but under to diverse methods.
Postconditioning has been recognized as effective in preventing reperfusion
injury in various organs and tissues. However, its effectiveness has not
been evaluated in the prevention of lung reperfusion injury after mesenteric
ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of pulmonary reperfusion injury and the protective
effect of ischemic postconditioning on lung parenchyma in rats submitted to
mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: group A (10 rats),
which was held mesenteric ischemia (30 minutes) and reperfusion (60
minutes); group B (10 rats), ischemia and reperfusion, interspersed by
postconditioning with two alternating cycles of reperfusion and reocclusion,
for two minutes each; and group C (10 rats), ischemia and reperfusion
interleaved by postconditioning with four alternating cycles of reperfusion
and reocclusion of 30 seconds each. Finally, it was resected the upper lung
lobe for histological analysis. RESULTS There were mild lung lesions (grade 1) in all samples. There was no
statistical difference between groups 1 and 2
(P>0.05). CONCLUSION The mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion in rats for thirty and sixty
minutes, respectively, caused mild reperfusion injury in lung.
Postconditioning was not able to minimize the remote reperfusion injury and
there was no difference comparing two cycles of two minutes with four cycles
of 30 seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Dutra Aydos
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ed Nogueira Neto
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isadora Ishaq Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Garcia
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|