FEATURES OF STOMATOLOGIC STATUS, TELOMERE LENGTHS AND PHENOTYPE OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN CHILDREN – RESIDENTS OF UKRAINIAN TERRITORIES, CONTAMINATED WITH RADIONUCLIDES

ODONTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION (review)

BACKGROUND

Odontological effects of ionizing radiation (IR) as a result of radiotherapy, the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants and industry, individual occupational exposure, etc. deserve significant attention interns of radiation medicine and radiation safety.

OBJECTIVE

to analyze and summarize clinical and experimental data on the odontological radiation effects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

OBJECT

the pathological changes in the hard tissues of teeth, pulp, periodontium, mucousmembranes of the mouth and jaws due to exposure to IR.

METHOD

search in the PubMed / MEDLINE, Google Scholarabstract medical and biological databases, scientific libraries of the relevant sources of scientific information.

RESULTS

Radiobiological effects of IR due to its direct and indirect action are manifested throughout the period ofodontogenesis and formation of the facial skeleton. Experimental and clinical data (in children and adults) indicatethe increased risk of dental caries, reduction of pain threshold and vascularization of tooth pulp along with its fibrosis and atrophy, periodontal dysfunction, which predispose to a high probability of tooth loss. Abnormalities in theactivity of osteoblasts and cementoblasts of dental periosteum and osteoblasts of alveolar process in combinationwith circulatory disorders due to endothelial cell death, hyalinization, thrombosis and vascular obliteration increasethe risk of jaw osteoradionecrosis. Children who have undergone a prenatal exposure to IR as a result of theChornobyl NPP accident have a premature change of teeth. Deterioration of periodontal tissues and early development of acute and complicated dental caries are typical for children and adults affected by the Chornobyl disaster.

CONCLUSIONS

Summarized data on the effects of radiation exposure under different conditions on teeth primordia(i.e. immature teeth), their formation and eruption in experimental and clinical settings, as well as on the odontological radiation effects in adults are summarized. Condition of the teeth in the Chornobyl NPP accident survivorsis described. Understanding and taking into account the radiobiological odontological effects is necessary in thelight of planning, preparing, and conducting local radiation therapy and developing the standards of radiation safety and measures to protect professionals and the public in the event of possible radiation accidents at the nuclearpower plants and industry facilities.

ORAL HYGIENE IN CHILDREN WITH DISTURBANCES IN TOOTH FORMATION WHO WERE AFFECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE ChNPP ACCIDENT

OBJECTIVE

evaluation of oral hygiene to enhance the prophylaxis of complications specifically of dental caries inchildren with disturbances in tooth formation (DTF) who live on radiologically contaminated territories after theChornobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Children aged 6-14 years (n = 1470) with DTF were the study subjects examined in 2012-2016. Among them there were (n = 528) residents of the zones III and IV of radiological contamination after theChNPP accident with 137Cs soil contamination density 1-15 Ci/km2. The effective radiation dose in them was notexceeding 1 mSv/year. The Green-Vermillion and Silness-Loe oral hygiene indices were assesses within clinicalexamination methods.

RESULTS

The worth oral hygiene was revealed in children having got the DTF, compensated chronic diseases oforgans and systems, and in those with burdened radiation history. The Green-Vermilion and Silness-Loe indices were1.7 ± 0.51 and 1.65 ± 0.46 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant deterioration in oral hygiene confirmed by the highest values of the Green-Vermillion index (1.7 ± 0.51; p < 0.001 - «unsatisfactory oral hygiene» criterion) and Silness-Loe index (1.65 ± 0.46; p < 0.001 -«poor oral hygiene» criterion) was found in children with DTF aged 6-14 years being residents of contaminated areasas a result of the Chernobyl accident. The revealed deterioration may be due to a set of negative factors, includingthe impact of ionizing radiation in low doses and peculiarities of social status. Results of the questioning of surveyed pediatric contingents both having got an DTF and with no defects of the hard tissues of teeth indicate aninsufficient level of knowledge and skills in hygienic care of oral cavity regardless of the area of residence.Development of a set of measures to prevent the DTF complications in children should be carried out taking intoaccount the state of oral hygiene, level of knowledge and skills in oral care, and include the use of hygiene products, namely toothpastes and anti-caries mouthwashes.