1
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Li Z, Fang B, Dong P, Shan W. Selective sweep analysis of the adaptability of the Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) to hot arid environments using SLAF-seq. Anim Genet 2024; 55:681-686. [PMID: 38722026 DOI: 10.1111/age.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) inhabits arid desert areas and is endemic to China. It has evolved various adaptations to survive in hot arid environments, including stress responses, the ability to maintain water homeostasis and heat tolerance. Here, we performed a selective sweep analysis to identify the candidate genes for adaptation to hot arid environments in the Yarkand hare. A total of 397 237 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from 80 Yarkand hares, which inhabit hot arid environments, and 36 Tolai hares (Lepus tolai), which inhabit environments with a mild climate, via specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. We identified several candidate genes that were associated with the heat stress response (HSPE1), oxidative stress response (SLC23A and GLRX2), immune response (IL1R1 and IRG1), central nervous system development (FGF13, THOC2, FMR1 and MECP2) and regulation of water homeostasis (CDK1) according to fixation index values and θπ ratios in the selective sweep analysis, and six of these genes (GLRX2, IRG1, FGF13, FMR1, MECP2 and CDK1) are newly discovered genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify candidate genes for adaptation to hot arid environments in the Yarkand hare. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the adaptation of the Yarkand hare to hot arid environments and will aid future studies aiming to functionally verify these candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurui Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bingwa Fang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjuan Shan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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2
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Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2) gene that is characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, autistic features, speech deficits, and sleep and breathing abnormalities. Neurologically, patients with all three disorders display microcephaly, aberrant dendritic morphology, reduced spine density, and an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory signaling. Loss-of-function mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and FOXG1 genes also cause similar behavioral and neurobiological defects and were referred to as congenital or variant Rett syndrome. The relatively recent realization that CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), FOXG1 syndrome, and Rett syndrome are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders with some distinctive features have resulted in separate focus being placed on each disorder with the assumption that distinct molecular mechanisms underlie their pathogenesis. However, given that many of the core symptoms and neurological features are shared, it is likely that the disorders share some critical molecular underpinnings. This review discusses the possibility that deregulation of common molecules in neurons and astrocytes plays a central role in key behavioral and neurological abnormalities in all three disorders. These include KCC2, a chloride transporter, vGlut1, a vesicular glutamate transporter, GluD1, an orphan-glutamate receptor subunit, and PSD-95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. We propose that reduced expression or activity of KCC2, vGlut1, PSD-95, and AKT, along with increased expression of GluD1, is involved in the excitatory/inhibitory that represents a key aspect in all three disorders. In addition, astrocyte-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and inflammatory cytokines likely affect the expression and functioning of these molecules resulting in disease-associated abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R D’Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA
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3
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Pascual-Alonso A, Martínez-Monseny AF, Xiol C, Armstrong J. MECP2-Related Disorders in Males. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9610. [PMID: 34502518 PMCID: PMC8431762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) is located at Xq28 and is a multifunctional gene with ubiquitous expression. Loss-of-function mutations in MECP2 are associated with Rett syndrome (RTT), which is a well-characterized disorder that affects mainly females. In boys, however, mutations in MECP2 can generate a wide spectrum of clinical presentations that range from mild intellectual impairment to severe neonatal encephalopathy and premature death. Thus, males can be more difficult to classify and diagnose than classical RTT females. In addition, there are some variants of unknown significance in MECP2, which further complicate the diagnosis of these children. Conversely, the entire duplication of the MECP2 gene is related to MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS). Unlike in RTT, in MDS, males are predominantly affected. Usually, the duplication is inherited from an apparently asymptomatic carrier mother. Both syndromes share some characteristics, but also differ in some aspects regarding the clinical picture and evolution. In the following review, we present a thorough description of the different types of MECP2 variants and alterations that can be found in males, and explore several genotype-phenotype correlations, although there is still a lot to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Pascual-Alonso
- Fundació Per la Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.X.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Antonio F. Martínez-Monseny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Clinical Genetics, Molecular and Genetic Medicine Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Clara Xiol
- Fundació Per la Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.X.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Judith Armstrong
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Clinical Genetics, Molecular and Genetic Medicine Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER-ER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Huang J, Zhang F, Su M, Li J, Yi W, Hou L, Yang S, Liu J, Zhang H, Ma T, Wu D. MeCP2 prevents age-associated cognitive decline via restoring synaptic plasticity in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13451. [PMID: 34363729 PMCID: PMC8441320 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐related cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is associated with the deficits of synaptic plasticity. Therefore, exploring promising targets to enhance synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative disorders is crucial. It has been demonstrated that methyl‐CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) plays a vital role in neuronal development and MeCP2 malfunction causes various neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the role of MeCP2 in neurodegenerative diseases has been less reported. In the study, we found that MeCP2 expression in the hippocampus was reduced in the hippocampus of senescence‐accelerated mice P8 (SAMP8) mice. Overexpression of hippocampal MeCP2 could elevate synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in SAMP8 mice, while knockdown of MeCP2 impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in senescence accelerated‐resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. MeCP2‐mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity may be associated with CREB1 pathway. These results suggest that MeCP2 plays a vital role in age‐related cognitive decline by regulating synaptic plasticity and indicate that MeCP2 may be promising targets for the treatment of age‐related cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning China
| | - Min Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Wen Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Li‐Xiang Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Si‐Man Yang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning China
| | - Jin‐Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Hao‐An Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Deng‐Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
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5
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Wei B, Xiao GR, Wu CL, Xu YQ. HAGLR promotes neuron differentiation through the miR-130a-3p-MeCP2 axis. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1121-1131. [PMID: 34430707 PMCID: PMC8345017 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progressions of PD are not fully understood. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y has been widely used as an in vitro model for PD. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the non-coding RNA-mediated SH-SY5Y differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA). By microArray analysis, lncRNA HAGLR was observed to be significantly upregulated during the RA-induced SH-SY5Y differentiation. Silencing HAGLR blocked the RA-induced SH-SY5Y differentiation. Moreover, bioinformatical analysis illustrated that miR-130a-3p contains binding sites for HAGLR. The RNA-pull down assay and luciferase assay demonstrated that HAGLR functioned as a ceRNA of miR-130a-3p in SH-SY5Y cells. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p effectively inhibited SH-SY5Y differentiation. We identified MeCP2, a vital molecule in neuronal diseases, to be a direct target of miR-130a-3p in SH-SY5Y cells by western blot and luciferase assays. The rescue experiments verified that recovery of miR-130a-3p in HAGLR-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells could successfully overcome the RA-induced SH-SY5Y differentiation by targeting MeCP2. In summary, this study reveals a potential molecular mechanism for the lncRNA-HAGLR-promoted in vitro neuron differentiation by targeting the miR-130a-3p-MeCP2 axis, contributing to the understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Gui-Rong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Cheng-Long Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yi-Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
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6
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Pascual-Alonso A, Blasco L, Vidal S, Gean E, Rubio P, O'Callaghan M, Martínez-Monseny AF, Castells AA, Xiol C, Català V, Brandi N, Pacheco P, Ros C, Del Campo M, Guillén E, Ibañez S, Sánchez MJ, Lapunzina P, Nevado J, Santos F, Lloveras E, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Tejada MI, Maortua H, Martínez F, Orellana C, Roselló M, Mesas MA, Obón M, Plaja A, Fernández-Ramos JA, Tizzano E, Marín R, Peña-Segura JL, Alcántara S, Armstrong J. Molecular characterization of Spanish patients with MECP2 duplication syndrome. Clin Genet 2020; 97:610-620. [PMID: 32043567 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe to profound intellectual disability, early onset hypotonia and diverse psycho-motor and behavioural features. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been published. We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a Spanish MDS cohort that included 19 boys and 2 girls. Clinical suspicions were confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Using, a custom in-house MLPA assay, we performed a thorough study of the minimal duplicated region, from which we concluded a complete duplication of both MECP2 and IRAK1 was necessary for a correct MDS diagnosis, as patients with partial MECP2 duplications lacked some typical clinical traits present in other MDS patients. In addition, the duplication location may be related to phenotypic severity. This observation may provide a new approach for genotype-phenotype correlations, and thus more personalized genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Pascual-Alonso
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Blasco
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Gean
- Departamento de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar O'Callaghan
- Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F Martínez-Monseny
- Departamento de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Aina Castells
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Barcelona, Spain.,Neural Development Lab, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Xiol
- Fundación San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Medicina Genética y Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Català
- Unitad de Biología Celular y Genética Médica, Departament of BCFyI, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Brandi
- Servicio de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Pacheco
- Servicio de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Ros
- Servicio de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Pediatrics, Genetic Epidemiology, Hospital Valle Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salva Ibañez
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María J Sánchez
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan D Ortigoza-Escobar
- Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María I Tejada
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Servicio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Hiart Maortua
- CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Servicio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Roselló
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Obón
- Area de Genètica Clínica i Consell Genètic, Laboratoris ICS, Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto Plaja
- Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Tizzano
- Area Genética Clínica y Molecular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Marín
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar Unidad de Genética, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José L Peña-Segura
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- Neural Development Lab, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Armstrong
- Servicio de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER (Biomedical Network Research Center for Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Drelon C, Rogers MF, Belalcazar HM, Secombe J. The histone demethylase KDM5 controls developmental timing in Drosophila by promoting prothoracic gland endocycles. Development 2019; 146:dev.182568. [PMID: 31862793 PMCID: PMC6955219 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, the larval prothoracic gland integrates nutritional status with developmental signals to regulate growth and maturation through the secretion of the steroid hormone ecdysone. While the nutritional signals and cellular pathways that regulate prothoracic gland function are relatively well studied, the transcriptional regulators that orchestrate the activity of this tissue remain less characterized. Here, we show that lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) is essential for prothoracic gland function. Indeed, restoring kdm5 expression only in the prothoracic gland in an otherwise kdm5 null mutant animal is sufficient to rescue both the larval developmental delay and the pupal lethality caused by loss of KDM5. Our studies show that KDM5 functions by promoting the endoreplication of prothoracic gland cells, a process that increases ploidy and is rate limiting for the expression of ecdysone biosynthetic genes. Molecularly, we show that KDM5 activates the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, which then promotes polyploidization and growth through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our studies provide key insights into the biological processes regulated by KDM5 and expand our understanding of the transcriptional regulators that coordinate animal development. Summary: Identification of KDM5 as a new transcriptional regulator of the MAPK signaling cascade provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of ecdysone production and developmental growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael F Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Helen M Belalcazar
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julie Secombe
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA .,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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8
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Krishnaraj R, Haase F, Coorey B, Luca EJ, Wong I, Boyling A, Ellaway C, Christodoulou J, Gold WA. Genome-wide transcriptomic and proteomic studies of Rett syndrome mouse models identify common signaling pathways and cellular functions as potential therapeutic targets. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2184-2196. [PMID: 31379106 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene has provided a major breakthrough in our understanding of the disorder. However, despite this, there is still limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder hampering the development of curative treatments. Over the years, a number of animal models have been developed contributing to our knowledge of the role of MECP2 in development and improving our understanding of how subtle expression levels affect brain morphology and function. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies of animal models are useful in identifying perturbations in functional pathways and providing avenues for novel areas of research into disease. This review focuses on published transcriptomic and proteomic studies of mouse models of Rett syndrome with the aim of providing a summary of all the studies, the reported dysregulated genes and functional pathways that are found to be perturbed. The 36 articles identified highlighted a number of dysfunctional pathways as well as perturbed biological networks and cellular functions including synaptic dysfunction and neuronal transmission, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data reveal biological insights that contribute to the disease process which may be targeted to investigate curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnaraj
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Florencia Haase
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Bronte Coorey
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Edward J Luca
- University Library, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ingar Wong
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Alexandra Boyling
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ellaway
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A Gold
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Kids Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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9
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Cresto N, Pillet LE, Billuart P, Rouach N. Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities? Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:518-527. [PMID: 31300246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including those involving intellectual disability, are characterized by abnormalities in formation and functions of synaptic circuits. Traditionally, research on synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission in health and disease focused on neurons, however, a growing number of studies have highlighted the role of astrocytes in this context. Tight structural and functional interactions of astrocytes and synapses indeed play important roles in brain functions, and the repertoire of astroglial regulations of synaptic circuits is large and complex. Recently, genetic studies of intellectual disabilities have underscored potential contributions of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Here we review how alterations of astrocyte functions in disease may interfere with neuronal excitability and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission during development, and contribute to intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Cresto
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Laure-Elise Pillet
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France; Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France.
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10
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