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Topalović O, Geisen S. Nematodes as suppressors and facilitators of plant performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2305-2312. [PMID: 37010088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-nematode interactions are mainly considered from the negative aspect with a focus on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which is justified considering the agronomic losses caused by PPNs. Despite the fact that PPNs are outnumbered by nonparasitic free-living nematodes (FLNs), the functional importance of FLNs, especially with regard to plant performance, remains largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and most recent insights into soil nematodes by showing direct and indirect links of both PPNs and FLNs with plant performance. We especially emphasize the knowledge gaps and potential of FLNs as important indirect players in driving plant performance such as stimulating the resistance to pests via improving the disease suppressive activity of the rhizobiome. Together, we present a holistic view of soil nematodes as positive and negative contributors to plant performance, accentuating the positive but underexplored role of FLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Topalović
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
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Wang X, Wang C, Chen R, Wang W, Wang D, Tian X. Plant Genotype Shapes the Soil Nematode Community in the Rhizosphere of Tomatoes with Different Resistance to Meloidognye incognita. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1528. [PMID: 37050154 PMCID: PMC10097389 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil nematodes are considered indicators of soil quality due to their immediate responses to changes in the soil environment and plants. However, little is known about the effects of plant genotypes on the soil nematode community. To elucidate this, high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to analyze the soil nematode community and the structure of root exudates in the rhizosphere of tomatoes with different resistance to Meloidognye incognita. The dominant soil nematode group in the soil of resistant tomatoes was Acrobeloides, while the soil nematode group in the rhizosphere of the susceptible and tolerant tomatoes was Meloidognye. Hierarchical clustering analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the three soil nematode communities were clustered into three groups according to the resistance level of the tomato cultivars. The soil nematode community of the resistant tomatoes had a higher maturity index and a low plant-parasite index, Wasilewska index and disease index compared to the values of the susceptible and tolerant tomatoes. Redundancy analysis revealed that the disease index and root exudates were strongly related to the soil nematode community of three tomato cultivars. Taken together, the resistance of the tomato cultivars and root exudates jointly shapes the soil nematode community. This study provided a valuable contribution to understanding the mechanism of plant genotypes shaping the soil nematode community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443005, China
| | - Chaoyan Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408102, China (D.W.)
| | - Ru Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453600, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453600, China
| | - Diandong Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408102, China (D.W.)
| | - Xueliang Tian
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453600, China
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Desmedt W, Kudjordjie EN, Chavan SN, Zhang J, Li R, Yang B, Nicolaisen M, Mori M, Peters RJ, Vanholme B, Vestergård M, Kyndt T. Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins are involved in defence against parasitic nematodes and shape rhizosphere nematode communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1231-1245. [PMID: 35460590 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) are secondary metabolites with a well known role in resistance to foliar pathogens. As DPs are also known to be produced and exuded by rice roots, we hypothesised that they might play an important role in plant-nematode interactions, and particularly in defence against phytoparasitic nematodes. We used transcriptome analysis on rice roots to analyse the effect of infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola or treatment with resistance-inducing chemical stimuli on DP biosynthesis genes, and assessed the susceptibility of mutant rice lines impaired in DP biosynthesis to M. graminicola. Moreover, we grew these mutants and their wild-type in field soil and used metabarcoding to assess the effect of impairment in DP biosynthesis on rhizosphere and root nematode communities. We show that M. graminicola suppresses DP biosynthesis genes early in its invasion process and, conversely, that resistance-inducing stimuli transiently induce the biosynthesis of DPs. Moreover, we show that loss of DPs increases susceptibility to M. graminicola. Metabarcoding on wild-type and DP-deficient plants grown in field soil reveals that DPs significantly alter the composition of rhizosphere and root nematode communities. Diterpenoid phytoalexins are important players in basal and inducible defence against nematode pathogens of rice and help shape rice-associated nematode communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Satish Namdeo Chavan
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Juan Zhang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Riqing Li
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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