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Gong C, Chang L, Huang R, Sun X, Liu Y, Wu S, Wang L, Xu B, Wang L. LIM kinase 2 activates cardiac fibroblasts and exacerbates postinfarction left ventricular remodeling via crosstalk between the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107347. [PMID: 39153710 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure rates rise despite decreased acute myocardial infarction (MI) mortality. Excessive myofibroblast activation post-MI leads to adverse remodeling. LIM kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) regulate cytoskeleton homeostasis and are pro-fibrotic markers in atrial fibrillation. However, their roles and mechanisms in postinfarction fibrosis and ventricular remodeling remain unclear. This study found that the expression of LIMKs elevated in the border zone (BZ) in mice MI models. LIMK1/2 double knockout (DKO) restrained pathological remodeling and reduced mortality by suppressing myofibroblast activation. By using adeno-associated virus (AAV) with a periostin promoter to overexpress LIMK1 or LIMK2, this study found that myofibroblast-specific LIMK2 overexpression diminished these effects in DKO mice, while LIMK1 did not. LIMK2 kinase activity was critical for myofibroblast proliferation by using AAV overexpressing mutant LIMK2 lack of kinase activity. According to phosphoproteome analysis, functional rescue experiments, co-immunoprecipitation, and protein-protein docking, LIMK2 led to the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser 552. LIMK2 nuclear translocation also played a role in myofibroblast proliferation after MI with the help of AAV overexpressing mutant LIMK2 without nuclear location signal. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing identified that LIMK2 bound to Lrp6 promoter region in TGF-β treated cardiac fibroblasts, positively regulating Wnt signaling via Wnt receptor internalization. This study demonstrated that LIMK2 promoted myofibroblast proliferation and adverse cardiac remodeling after MI, by enhancing phospho-β-catenin (Ser552) and Lrp6 signaling. This suggested that LIMK2 could be a target for the treatment of postinfarction injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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Pan H, Zhao Z, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Ruan H, Huang Y, Chi P, Huang S. Combining proteomics and Phosphoproteomics to investigate radiation-induced rectal fibrosis in rats and the effects of pSTAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 on human intestinal fibroblasts. J Proteomics 2024; 308:105287. [PMID: 39173903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of radiation-induced rectal fibrosis (RIRF) and assess the therapeutic potential of S3I-201. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and radiation groups, with the latter exposed to 20 Gray pelvic X-rays. After 10 weeks, rectal tissues were analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Pathway enrichment was performed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, with secondary annotation using Cluego. Representative proteins and their phosphorylated counterparts were validated through immunoblotting in another cohort. STAT3 levels in rectal tissues from irradiated and non-irradiated colorectal cancer patients were examined, and the effects of S3I-201 on human rectal fibroblasts were evaluated. RESULTS The radiation group showed significant inflammatory responses and collagen deposition in the rat rectal walls. Enrichment analysis revealed that radiation-induced proteins and phosphoproteins were primarily involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and the MAPK signaling pathway. Immunoblotting indicated increased expression of p-CAMKII, p-MRACKS, p-Cfl1, p-Myl9, and p-STAT3 in the radiation group compared to the control, while p-AKT1 expression decreased. Elevated phosphorylation of STAT3 was observed in submucosal fibroblasts of the post-radiation human rectum. S3I-201 specifically inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed activation of human rectal fibroblasts, also inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of the classical TGF-β/Smad/CTGF pathway. CONCLUSION By integrating phosphoproteomics and proteomics, this study elucidated the protein regulatory network of RIRF and identified the potential therapeutic targets, including phosphoproteins such as STAT3 in managing RIRF. SIGNIFICANCE In our research, we employed TMT labeling alongside LC-MS/MS techniques to comprehensively explore the proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscapes in rat models of radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIRF). Our analysis revealed the function and pathways of proteins and phosphorylated proteins triggered by radiation, as well as those with protective roles. We mapped a network of interactions among these proteins and validated key protein expression levels using quantitative methods. Furthermore, we investigated STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target, assessing the efficacy of the inhibitor S3I-201 in laboratory settings, and highlighting its potential for RIRF treatment. Overall, our findings provide groundbreaking insights into the mechanisms underlying RIRF, paving the way for the development of future antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanchang Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihuang Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Ruan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Shenghui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Chen J, Jian X, Li C, Cheng B. Therapeutic potential of amitriptyline for paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Involvement of caveolin-1-mediated anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibition of apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114732. [PMID: 36898313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning remains problematic. Amitriptyline (AMT) has multiple pharmacological effects. Here we investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of AMT on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its possible mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, PQ, PQ + AMT and AMT groups. Histopathology of the lungs, blood gas analysis, and levels of hydroxyproline (HYP), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) were measured. The siRNA transfection inhibited caveolin-1 in A549 cells, which induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by PQ and followed intervention with AMT. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and caveolin-1 were studied by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with the PQ group, the PQ + AMT group displayed mild pathological changes in pulmonary fibrosis, lower HYP, IL-17 and TGF- β1 levels in lung, but high TGF- β1 in serum. Levels of N-cadherin and α-SMA in the lungs were significantly decreased, but caveolin-1 was increased, while SaO2 and PaO2 levels were higher. Compared with the PQ group, the apoptosis rate, N-cadherin and α-SMA levels in A549 cells were significantly decreased after PQ treatment and high dose AMT intervention (p < 0.01). The expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and α-SMA in the PQ-induced cells transfected with caveolin-1 siRNA or siControl RNA were significantly different (p < 0.01), but the apoptosis rate was unaltered. CONCLUSION AMT inhibited PQ-induced EMT in A549 cells and improved lung histopathology and oxygenation in mice by up-regulating caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bihuang Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Cofilin-1 promotes fibrocyte differentiation and contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:43-49. [PMID: 34090209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes originate from the bone marrow monocyte lineage and participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Research providing a comprehensive picture of fibrocytes is still limited. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) is an important protein that regulates cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Whether CFL-1 can induce monocyte differentiation into fibrocytes and promote the process of pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. Compared with that of healthy controls, the expression of CFL-1 was significantly increased in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) patients (P < 0.05). The percentages of peripheral blood fibrocytes in the IPF group (4.2550 ± 0.3483%) and CTD-ILD group (4.7100 ± 0.4811%) were higher than that in the control group (1.6340 ± 0.2549%) (both P < 0.05). In vitro, PBMCs transfected with siRNA-CFL-1 showed lower expression of CFL-1, and the percentage of fibrocytes was lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). PBMCs transfected with Lv-CFL-1 to increase the expression of CFL-1 showed a higher percentage of fibrocytes than the control (P < 0.05). In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the relative expression of CFL-1 was increased, and the percentage of fibrocytes was higher than that in the saline group (P < 0.05). In bleomycin-induced mice, interference with Lv-CFL-1 decreased the expression of CFL-1, the percentage of fibrocytes was lower, and the lung tissue showed less fibrosis (P < 0.05). The overexpression of CFL-1 is associated with pulmonary fibrogenesis. CFL-1 could promote the differentiation of fibrocytes from monocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cells and promote pulmonary fibrosis.
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Cho IK, Jeong M, You AS, Park KH, Li QX. Pulmonary Proteome and Protein Networks in Response to the Herbicide Paraquat in Rats. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 8:67-79. [PMID: 26538867 PMCID: PMC4629535 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. PQ, when ingested, is toxic to humans and may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. To investigate molecular perturbation in lung tissues caused by PQ, Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with PQ at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 20 times in four weeks. The effects of PQ on cellular processes and biological pathways were investigated by analyzing proteome in the lung tissues in comparison with the control. Among the detected proteins, 321 and 254 proteins were over-represented and under-represented, respectively, in the PQ-exposed rat lung tissues in comparison with the no PQ control. All over- and under-represented proteins were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to create 25 biological networks and 38 pathways of interacting protein clusters. Over-represented proteins were involved in the C-jun-amino-terminal kinase pathway, caveolae-mediated endocytosis signaling, cardiovascular-cancer-respiratory pathway, regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, non-small cell lung cancer signaling, pulmonary hypertension, glutamate receptor, immune response and angiogenesis. Under-represented proteins occurred in the p53 signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cartilage development and angiogenesis inhibition in the PQ-treated lungs. The results suggest that PQ may generate reactive oxygen species, impair the MAPK/p53 signaling pathway, activate angiogenesis and depress apoptosis in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kyu Cho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mihye Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Are-Sun You
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hun Park
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Zhang N, Xie YP, Pang L, Zang XX, Wang J, Shi D, Wu Y, Liu XL, Wang GH. Paraquat increases connective tissue growth factor expression and impairs lung fibroblast proliferation and viscoelasticity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:1232-40. [PMID: 24556028 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114524239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of paraquat-induced damage using cultured human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells), in order to promote the development of improved therapies for paraquat poisoning. Paraquat’s effects on proliferation were examined by flow cytometry, on viscoelasticity by the micropipette aspiration technique, and on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paraquat was found to significantly reduce the proliferation index of MRC-5 cells in a concentration-dependent manner ( p < 0.05) and to significantly impair the viscoelastic properties in a time-independent manner ( p < 0.05). Exposure to paraquat led to a significant and time-dependent increase in CTGF expression ( p < 0.05) and induced changes in the morphology and biomechanical characteristics of the MRC-5 cells. These findings not only provide novel insights into the mechanisms of paraquat-induced lung fibrosis but may represent useful targets of improved molecular-based therapies for paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Y-P Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - L Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - X-X Zang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - D Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jilin Traditional Chinese Medical College, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - X-L Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - G-H Wang
- Pharmacy and Biological Science College, Weifang Medical University, China
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Kan B, Jian X, Zhou Q, Wang J, Yu G, Sun J, Gao Y. Effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on acute lung injury caused by paraquat. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1232-6. [PMID: 24535699 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, and other Asian countries, numerous patients have succumbed to pulmonary fibrosis induced by paquarat poisoning, but the early pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study the effect of cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was observed in early acute paraquat poisoning and examined the mechanism by which paraquat caused early acute lung injury. It was discovered that the rat serum TGF-β1 levels in the paraquat groups were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) and the rat pulmonary TGF-β1 mRNA expression levels were also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Histological examination indicated that the rat lung tissue was broad and congested, and had been infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Masson's trichrome staining for collagen showed that the lung tissue appeared fibrotic following paraquat poisoning. Ultramicrostructure observation found that macrophages, red blood cells, lymphocytes and granulocytes infiltrated the alveolar space and there were cytolysosomes in the macrophages. The shape of the type II alveolar epithelial cell nuclei were irregular with karyopyknosis. The heterochromatin migrated to the cell edge and lamellar body vacuolization was also observed. Type I alveolar epithelial cells shrank. In conclusion, the effect of cytokine TGF-β1 on paraquat-induced acute lung tissue injury may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotian Kan
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guangcai Yu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yikai Gao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Effect of Lung Fibrosis on Glycogen Content in Different Extrapulmonary Tissues. Lung 2013; 192:125-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of ambroxol on pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=144, 200-250 g) were divided into four groups (Control, Ambroxol, Paraquat, and Paraquat+Ambroxol group) and sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28. Several significant oxidant stress markers (MDA, SOD and GSH-PX), MPO activity, cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1), total inflammatory cell count, hydroxyproline content, collagen I and III mRNA were analyzed. RESULTS In Paraquat group, the MDA, MPO activity, hydroxyproline contents, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, collagen I, collagen III and the number of total inflammatory cells were up-regulated in lung tissue, but SOD and GSH-PX activity were down-regulated in lung tissue compared with Control group (p<0.05). In paraquat+ambroxol group, the MDA, MPO activity, hydroxyproline content, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, MMP-2, TIMP-1 collagen I, collagen III and the number of total inflammatory cells were significantly decreased, while the SOD and GSH-PX activities in lung tissue were increased compared with Paraquat group (p<0.05). Histological examination of paraquat-treated rats showed lung injury with interstitial edema and widespread inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar space and septum, as well as pulmonary fibrosis. Ambroxol could markedly reduce such damage in lung tissue and prevent pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that ambroxol could reduce lung damage and prevent pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ming Zhi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University, PR China.
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Lacerda ACR, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Mendes PL, Novaes RD, Carvalho GMC, Zin WA, Gripp F, Coimbra CC. Paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis increases exercise metabolic cost, reducing aerobic performance in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 34:671-9. [PMID: 19952502 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rats exposed to the quaternary herbicide paraquat (PQ) exhibit oxidative stress and lung injury. In the present study, we investigated the effect of multiple exposures to PQ on aerobic performance during progressive exercise on a treadmill in rats. PQ was dissolved in saline (SAL) (10 mg/ml) and administered intraperitoneally 7 mg/kg body wt to Wistar rats (n = 5) once a week for one month. Control rats received SAL (0.7 ml/kg body wt., intraperitoneally, n = 5) over the same time period. The animals were submitted to aerobic evaluation on a treadmill using a progressive protocol until fatigue prior to the administration of the first dose of PQ or SAL and repeated at 1 week and 40 days following the last dose of the herbicide. Twenty-four hours after the last performance tests, the animals were sacrificed, lungs removed and divided in two groups: PQ and SAL for histopathological analysis. The animals exposed to PQ exhibited decrease in aerobic performance and mechanical efficiency (ME) as well as increase in oxygen consumption during exercise in comparison to the controls forty days after the last dose of PQ. Lung histologic changes included atelectasis, interstitial edema, and inflammation cells in PQ group. The collagen system fibers, fraction area of alveolar collapse and influx of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in lung parenchyma were higher in PQ compared to SAL. In conclusion, multiple exposures to PQ induce pulmonary fibrosis, reduce the aerobic performance and mechanical efficiency and increase the metabolic cost of exercise in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Faculty of Biological and Healthy Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Zhou T, Chou J, Watkins PB, Kaufmann WK. Toxicogenomics: transcription profiling for toxicology assessment. EXS 2009; 99:325-66. [PMID: 19157067 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicogenomics, the application of transcription profiling to toxicology, has been widely used for elucidating the molecular and cellular actions of chemicals and other environmental stressors on biological systems, predicting toxicity before any functional damages, and classification of known or new toxicants based on signatures of gene expression. The success of a toxicogenomics study depends upon close collaboration among experts in different fields, including a toxicologist or biologist, a bioinformatician, statistician, physician and, sometimes, mathematician. This review is focused on toxicogenomics studies, including transcription profiling technology, experimental design, significant gene extraction, toxicological results interpretation, potential pathway identification, database input and the applications of toxicogenomics in various fields of toxicological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Center for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Satomi Y, Sakaguchi K, Kasahara Y, Akahori F. Novel and extensive aspects of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis: comparative and time-course microarray analyses in fibrogenic and non-fibrogenic rats. J Toxicol Sci 2008; 32:529-53. [PMID: 18198484 DOI: 10.2131/jts.32.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although paraquat (PQ) is widely known to induce pulmonary fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, to bring a new dimension to the elucidation of the mechanisms, we conducted microarray experiments to investigate the expression profiles of 1,090 genes in the lungs during the progressive phase of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. After several s.c. injections of PQ, rats were divided into a fibrogenic group and a non-fibrogenic group. Time-course gene expression analysis of the fibrogenic group showed altered gene regulation throughout the experimental period. The expression levels of many cell membrane channel, transporter, and receptor genes were substantially altered. These genes were classified into two categories: polyamine transporter- and electrolyte/fluid balance-related genes. Moreover, comparative analysis of the fibrogenic and the non-fibrogenic group revealed 36 genes with significantly different patterns of expression, including the pro-apoptotic gene Bad. This indicates that Bad is a key factor in apoptosis and that apoptosis provides a major turning point in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, subtypes of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta genes that are considered to play a pivotal role in fibrogenesis showed no differences in expression between the two groups, though TGF-beta3 was markedly induced in both groups. These results provide novel and extensive insights into the molecular mechanisms that lead to pulmonary fibrosis after exposure to PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Satomi
- Pharmacology & Safety Research Department, Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Japan.
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