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Wang W, Duan X, Huang Z, Pan Q, Chen C, Guo L. The GH-IGF-1 Axis in Circadian Rhythm. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:742294. [PMID: 34566581 PMCID: PMC8458700 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.742294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have developed common behavioral and physiological adaptations to the influence of the day/night cycle. The CLOCK system forms an internal circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during light/dark input. The SCN may synchronize the growth hormone (GH) secretion rhythm with the dimming cycle through somatostatin neurons, and the change of the clock system may be related to the pulsatile release of GH. The GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and clock system may interact further on the metabolism through regulatory pathways in peripheral organs. We have summarized the current clinical and animal evidence on the interaction of clock systems with the GH-IGF-1 axis and discussed their effects on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, Crespo I, San-Miguel B, de Urbina JO, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin Attenuates Dysregulation of the Circadian Clock Pathway in Mice With CCl 4-Induced Fibrosis and Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 29892224 PMCID: PMC5985434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the circadian clock machinery is a critical mechanism in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the antifibrotic effect of melatonin is associated with attenuation of circadian clock pathway disturbances in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and in human hepatic stellate cells line LX2. Mice received CCl4 5 μL/g body weight i.p. twice a week for 4 or 6 weeks. Melatonin was given at 5 or 10 mg/kg/day i.p., beginning 2 weeks after the start of CCl4 administration. Treatment with CCl4 resulted in fibrosis evidenced by the staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells and a significant decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) expression. CCl4 led to a lower expression of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), period 1–3 (PER1, 2, and 3), cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and 2) and the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORα). The expression of the nuclear receptor REV-ERBα showed a significant increase. Melatonin significantly prevented all these changes. We also found that melatonin (100 or 500 μM) potentiated the inhibitory effect of REV-ERB ligand SR9009 on α-SMA and collagen1 expression and increased the expression of PPARα in LX2 cells. Analysis of circadian clock machinery revealed that melatonin or SR9009 exposure upregulated BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, CRY1, and RORα expression, with a higher effect of combined treatment. Findings from this study give new insight into molecular pathways accounting for the protective effect of melatonin in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana I Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen L, Jia L, Yuan J, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang P, Zuo J, Xu Z, Luan J. Evolving roles of circadian rhythms in liver homeostasis and pathology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8625-39. [PMID: 26843619 PMCID: PMC4890992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock in mammals is determined by a core oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and synchronized peripheral clocks in other tissues. The coherent timing systems could sustain robust output of circadian rhythms in response to the entrainment controlled environmentally. Disparate approaches have discovered that clock genes and clock-controlled genes (CCGs) exist in nearly all mammalian cell types and are essential for establishing the mechanisms and complexity of internal time-keeping systems. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the control of homeostasis and pathology in the liver involves intricate loops of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of clock genes expression. This review will focus on the recent advances with great importance concerning clock rhythms linking liver homeostasis and diseases. We particularly highlight what is currently known of the evolving insights into the mechanisms underlying circadian clock . Eventually , findings during recent years in the field might prompt new circadian-related chronotherapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases by coupling these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Leijuan Jia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Nguyen TT, Mattick JSA, Yang Q, Orman MA, Ierapetritou MG, Berthiaume F, Androulakis IP. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptional regulation of circadian genes in rat liver. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:83. [PMID: 24666587 PMCID: PMC3987685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian clock is a critical regulator of biological functions controlling behavioral, physiological and biochemical processes. Because the liver is the primary regulator of metabolites within the mammalian body and the disruption of circadian rhythms in liver is associated with severe illness, circadian regulators would play a strong role in maintaining liver function. However, the regulatory structure that governs circadian dynamics within the liver at a transcriptional level remains unknown. To explore this aspect, we analyzed hepatic transcriptional dynamics in Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 24 hours to assess the genome-wide responses. Results Using an unsupervised consensus clustering method, we identified four major gene expression clusters, corresponding to central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, membrane integrity, immune function, and DNA repair, all of which have dynamics which suggest regulation in a circadian manner. With the assumption that transcription factors (TFs) that are differentially expressed and contain CLOCK:BMAL1 binding sites on their proximal promoters are likely to be clock-controlled TFs, we were able to use promoter analysis to putatively identify additional clock-controlled TFs besides PARF and RORA families. These TFs are both functionally and temporally related to the clusters they regulate. Furthermore, we also identified significant sets of clock TFs that are potentially transcriptional regulators of gene clusters. Conclusions All together, we were able to propose a regulatory structure for circadian regulation which represents alternative paths for circadian control of different functions within the liver. Our prediction has been affirmed by functional and temporal analyses which are able to extend for similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Hirao J, Nishimura M, Arakawa S, Niino N, Mori K, Furukawa T, Sanbuissho A, Manabe S, Nishihara M, Mori Y. Sex and circadian modulatory effects on rat liver as assessed by transcriptome analyses. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:9-22. [PMID: 21297337 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to fully uncover sex and circadian modulatory effects on rat liver. Hepatic transcriptome analyses were performed at 4 hr intervals of a day-night cycle using young adult male and female rats. Sexually dimorphic genes, which were identified by a cross-sex comparison of time series data, included representative sex-predominant genes such as male- or female-predominant cytochrome P450 subfamilies (Cyp2c11, Cyp2c12, Cyp2c13, and Cyp3a2), sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferase Yc2. The identified sexually dimorphic genes were over-represented in the metabolism of retinols, xenobiotics, linoleic acids, or androgen and estrogen, or bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcription factor targets modeling suggested that transcription factors SP1, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4-alpha), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) serve as core nodes in the regulatory networks. On the other hand, Fourier transform analyses extracted universal circadian-regulated genes in both sexes. The circadian-regulated genes included clock or clock-controlled genes such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Arntl), period homolog 2 (Per2), and D site albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp). The extracted cyclic genes were over-represented in major tissue activities, e.g. the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, or glucose, indicating that the major liver functions are under circadian control. The transcription factor targets modeling suggested that transcription factors SP1, HNF4-alpha, and c-Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-MYC) serve as major hubs in the circadian-regulatory gene networks. Interestingly, transcription factors SP1 and HNF4-alpha are likely to orchestrate not only sexually dimorphic, but also circadian-regulated genes even though each criterion was rather mutually exclusive. This suggests the cross-talk between those regulations. Sexual dimorphism is likely to interact with circadian rhythmicity via overlapping gene regulatory networks on rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirao
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan.
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