1
|
Nabar KU, Bhanage BM, Dawande SG. Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of amines with aryliodonium ylides in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1008-1014. [PMID: 37440786 PMCID: PMC10334208 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper sulfate catalyzed an efficient, inexpensive, and environment-friendly protocol that has been developed for N-arylation of amines with 1,3-cyclohexadione-derived aryliodonium ylides in water as a green solvent. Aromatic primary amines substituted with electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl ring reacted smoothly with iodonium ylides to give the corresponding diarylamines with good to excellent yields. Also, secondary amines underwent N-arylation to deliver tertiary amines with moderate yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi U Nabar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudam G Dawande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rabiei K, Mohammadkhani Z, Keypour H, Kouhdareh J. Palladium Schiff base complex-modified Cu(BDC-NH 2) metal-organic frameworks for C-N coupling. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8114-8129. [PMID: 36926010 PMCID: PMC10014173 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of a novel functionalized metal-organic-framework (MOF) [Cu(BDC-NH2)@Schiff-base-Pd(ii)] catalyst via post-synthetic modification of Cu(BDC-NH2) is reported. The targeted complex was prepared by chemically attaching N,N'-bis(5-formylpyrrol-2-ylmethyl) homopiperazine via a Schiff base reaction followed by complexation with Pd ions. Afterwards, the synthesized solid was applied as a very effective multifunctional catalyst in C-N coupling reactions. The synthesized compounds were identified by suitable techniques including N2 isotherms, EDX spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, ICP-OES and TG-DTA. This nanocatalyst was used in C-N cross-coupling reactions, and it showed its usage in a diverse range of different functional groups with good efficiency. The reasons for introducing this catalyst system are its advantages such as considerably high selectivity, almost complete conversion of products, high yields, and convenient separation of catalysts and products. The results indicate that the highest efficiency of the product in the reaction was obtained in the shortest possible time with the use of [Cu(BDC-NH2)@Schiff-base-Pd(ii)] catalysts. Overall, the high catalytic activity of the [Cu(BDC-NH2)@Schiff-base-Pd(ii)] catalyst may be due to the obtained high surface area and the synergistic features created between Lewis acidic Cu nodes and Pd ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Rabiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qom University of Technology Qom Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qom University of Technology Qom Iran
| | - Hassan Keypour
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Jamal Kouhdareh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keypour H, Kouhdareh J, Maryamabadi A, Babaei S, Alavinia S. Facile synthesis of a new covalent organic framework (COF-AYLIN) based on polyamide links and their application in C N coupling reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
4
|
Cu(II)-Catalyzed C-N Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides and N-Nucleophiles Promoted by α-Benzoin Oxime. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224177. [PMID: 31752140 PMCID: PMC6891672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We first reported the new application of a translate metal chelating ligand α-benzoin oxime for improving Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. The system could catalyse coupling reactions of (hetero)aryl halides with a wide of nucleophiles (e.g., azoles, piperidine, pyrrolidine and amino acids) in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol allows rapid access to the most common scaffolds found in FDA-approved pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bulitta JB, Jiao Y, Landersdorfer CB, Sutaria DS, Tao X, Shin E, Höhl R, Holzgrabe U, Stephan U, Sörgel F. Comparable Bioavailability and Disposition of Pefloxacin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Volunteers Assessed via Population Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070323. [PMID: 31295857 PMCID: PMC6681055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone antibiotics present an attractive oral treatment option in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Prior studies have reported comparable clearances and volumes of distribution in patients with CF and healthy volunteers for primarily renally cleared quinolones. We aimed to provide the first pharmacokinetic comparison for pefloxacin as a predominantly nonrenally cleared quinolone and its two metabolites between both subject groups. Eight patients with CF (fat-free mass [FFM]: 36.3 ± 6.9 kg, average ± SD) and ten healthy volunteers (FFM: 51.7 ± 9.9 kg) received 400 mg pefloxacin as a 30 min intravenous infusion and orally in a randomized, two-way crossover study. All plasma and urine data were simultaneously modelled. Bioavailability was complete in both subject groups. Pefloxacin excretion into urine was approximately 74% higher in patients with CF compared to that in healthy volunteers, whereas the urinary excretion of metabolites was only slightly higher in patients with CF. After accounting for body size and composition via allometric scaling by FFM, pharmacokinetic parameter estimates in patients with CF divided by those in healthy volunteers were 0.912 for total clearance, 0.861 for nonrenal clearance, 1.53 for renal clearance, and 0.916 for volume of distribution. Nonrenal clearance accounted for approximately 90% of total pefloxacin clearance. Overall, bioavailability and disposition were comparable between both subject groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dhruvitkumar S Sutaria
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xun Tao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Eunjeong Shin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Rainer Höhl
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stephan
- IBMP-Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 90562 Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- IBMP-Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 90562 Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg, 47057 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skopkó BE, Deák Á, Matesz C, Kelentey B, Bácskai T. Pefloxacin induced changes in serotonergic innervation and mast cell number in rat salivary glands. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:496-503. [PMID: 30257570 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1508217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pefloxacin is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Besides its advantageous characteristics, side effects including the hypofunction of salivary glands, decreased saliva production, and peripheral neuropathy were observed during the administration of pefloxacin. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the number of serotonergic immunoreactive fibers and mast cells after pefloxacin treatment in the parotid and sublingual glands of rats to detect the possible neurotoxic effect of pefloxacin. The adult female rats were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pefloxacin for three or seven days (at a concentration of 20 mg/100g body weight) and the serotonergic innervation pattern along with the change in mast cell number were evaluated by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the parotid and sublingual glands. We found that a three-day treatment significantly increased the number of immunoreactive serotonergic nerve fibers, but after a seven-day treatment the number of serotonin positive nerve fibers decreased almost to values of the control group. The alteration of mast cell number was parallel with the changes of the serotonin positive fibers during the treatment. These results suggest that pefloxacin treatment can modify the finely controlled communication between the immune- and the peripheral nervous systems, resulting neurogenic inflammatory process. The background of this process is the altered serotonergic innervation and the increased number of activated mast cells releasing different mediators for example histamine, which can finally lead to reduced number of serotonin positive nerve fibers after a seven-day treatment of pefloxacin leading to atrophy and hypofunction of the salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Emese Skopkó
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Deák
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Oral Anatomy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barna Kelentey
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bácskai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beytemür O, Yüksel S, Tetikkurt ÜS, Genç E, Olcay E, Güleç A. Isotretinoin induced achilles tendinopathy: Histopathological and biomechanical evaluation on rats. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2018; 52:387-391. [PMID: 30017488 PMCID: PMC6204476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate histopathological and biomechanical effects of isotretinoin on Achilles tendon. MATERIALS & METHODS Sixteen rats were divided into two groups including the control group (n = 8) and isotretinoin group (n = 8). The control group received 1.42 ml/kg soy oil per day whereas the isotretinoin group received 15 mg/kg/day (gavage dose 1.42 ml/kg) isotretinoin dissolved in soy oil through gavage method for 6 weeks. Achilles tendons were excised at the end of week 6. The tendon samples were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin under a light microscope. Quantitative evaluation was performed via Movin and Bonar scoring. A computer-monitored tensile testing machine was utilised for biomechanical testing. Biomechanical characteristics of the tendon samples (elastic modulus, yield force, ultimate tensile force) were measured. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation revealed a significantly higher Movin and Bonar scores in histopathological evaluation. Movin score in isotretinoin group was 4.1 ± 2.5 and it was 2.3 ± 1.0 in control group (p = 0.032). Bonar score in isotretinoin group was 2.9 ± 1.4 and it was 1.6 ± 0.7 in control group (p = 0.022). In line with histopathological evaluation, biomechanical measurements in isotretinoin group (elastic modulus, yield force, ultimate tensile force) were significantly lower than the control group. Elastic modulus in isotretinoin group was 227 ± 27.7 N/mm2 and in control group it was 281.7 ± 38.7 N/mm2 (p = 0.006). In isotretinoin group; yield force was 33.7 ± 4.3 Pa and in control group it was 40.8 ± 5.9 Pa (p = 0.021). Ultimate tensile force in isotretinoin group was 35.7 ± 4.2 Pa and in control group it was 44 ± 7 Pa (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The present study detected histopathological and biomechanical negative effect of isotretinoin on Achilles tendon. Therefore, isotretinoin should be questioned in medical history of patients with tendinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Beytemür
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Yüksel
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Seza Tetikkurt
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdinç Genç
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ercan Olcay
- İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Akif Güleç
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ermutlu CŞ, Baran V. Comparison of Clinical, Biomechanical, and Histopathological Effects of Various Suture Techniques on Repair of Tendon Rupture by using Autograft. J Vet Res 2018; 61:231-237. [PMID: 29978078 PMCID: PMC5894399 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of four different suture techniques in the treatment of experimentally modelled tendon injuries with tissue loss with autograft and grafting applications in rabbits. Material and Methods The study was performed on 30 male mature (2-year-old) New Zealand rabbits with mean body weight of 3.1 kg, divided into three equal groups. A graft measuring 1 cm in length was collected from the m. tibialis cranialis of each rabbit under general anaesthesia. The graft collected from the right tendon was transplanted into the left tendon, and the graft from the left tendon was transplanted into the right tendon. In all groups, a simple interrupted suture was placed on the left tendon as control, a Bunnell-Mayer suture was placed on the right tendon in group I, a Locking-Loop suture in group II, and a Horizontal U suture in group III. Both hindlimbs were bandaged for four weeks. The tendons were assessed biomechanically and histopathologically. Results According to the results of the tensile testing, the maximum durability of the techniques ranked as follows: Bunnell-Mayer, Horizontal U, Locking-Loop, and control groups. Conclusion The use of autografts was a good alternative for the treatment of tendon ruptures with tissue loss. Furthermore, even though there were no clinical or histopathological differences, the suture technique can be chosen based on the results of the tensile test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celal Şahin Ermutlu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, TR-36300, Kars, Turkey
| | - Vedat Baran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, TR-36300, Kars, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Statin-induced calcific Achilles tendinopathy in rats: comparison of biomechanical and histopathological effects of simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:1884-1891. [PMID: 26275370 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating clinical evidence indicates the risk of tendinopathy and spontaneous and/or simultaneous tendon ruptures associated with statin use. This experimental study was designed to evaluate and compare the biomechanical and histopathological effects of the three most commonly prescribed statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin) on the Achilles tendon in rats. METHODS Statins were administered by gavage to rats at daily doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3 weeks. One week later, the Achilles tendons were dissected and their biomechanical properties, including ultimate tensile force, yield force and elastic modulus, were determined. The samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope. The biomechanical properties of the tibia were tested by three-point bending test. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the lengths of tibias were measured by computed tomography. RESULTS All the statins caused deterioration of the biomechanical parameters of the Achilles tendon. Histopathological analysis demonstrated foci of dystrophic calcification only in the statin-treated groups. However, the number and the total area of calcific deposits were similar between the statin groups. The biomechanical parameters of tibias were improved in all the statin groups. BMD in the statin-treated groups was not significantly different from the control group. CONCLUSION All the statins tested are associated with calcific tendinopathy risk of which full awareness is required during everyday medical practice. However, statin-associated improvement of bone biomechanical properties is a favourable feature which may add to their beneficial effects in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in the elderly.
Collapse
|
10
|
Knobloch K. Drug-Induced Tendon Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
11
|
Kłosińska-Szmurło E, Pluciński FA, Grudzień M, Betlejewska-Kielak K, Biernacka J, Mazurek AP. Experimental and theoretical studies on the molecular properties of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin, and gatifloxacin in determining bioavailability. J Biol Phys 2014; 40:335-45. [PMID: 25033818 PMCID: PMC4119185 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-014-9354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to identify, by in silico and in vitro methods, the molecular determinants, e.g., solubility in an aqueous medium and lipophilic properties, which have an effect on the bioavailability of five selected fluoroquinolones. These properties were estimated by analysis of the electrostatic potential pattern and values of free energy of solvation as well as the partition coefficients of the studied compounds. The study is based on theoretical quantum-chemical methods and a simple experimental shake-flask technique with two immiscible phases, n-octanol and phosphate buffer. The solvation free energy values of compounds in both environments appeared to be negative. The wide range of electrostatic potential from negative to positive demonstrates the presence of dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions, while the high electron density at various sites indicates the possibility of hydrogen bond formation with solvent molecules. High partition coefficient values, obtained by summing the atomic contributions, did not take various correction factors into account and therefore were not accurate. Theoretical partition coefficient values based on more accurate algorithms, which included these correction factors (fragmental methods), yielded more accurate values. Theoretical methods are useful tools for predicting the bioavailability of fluoroquinolones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kłosińska-Szmurło
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Most currently available small molecule inhibitors of DNA replication lack enzymatic specificity, resulting in deleterious side effects during use in cancer chemotherapy and limited experimental usefulness as mechanistic tools to study DNA replication. Towards development of targeted replication inhibitors, we have focused on Mcm2-7 (minichromosome maintenance protein 2-7), a highly conserved helicase and key regulatory component of eukaryotic DNA replication. Unexpectedly we found that the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin preferentially inhibits Mcm2-7. Ciprofloxacin blocks the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2-7 at concentrations that have little effect on other tested helicases and prevents the proliferation of both yeast and human cells at concentrations similar to those that inhibit DNA unwinding. Moreover, a previously characterized mcm mutant (mcm4chaos3) exhibits increased ciprofloxacin resistance. To identify more potent Mcm2-7 inhibitors, we screened molecules that are structurally related to ciprofloxacin and identified several that compromise the Mcm2-7 helicase activity at lower concentrations. Our results indicate that ciprofloxacin targets Mcm2-7 in vitro, and support the feasibility of developing specific quinolone-based inhibitors of Mcm2-7 for therapeutic and experimental applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Healing of the rotator cuff. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e3182410e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Kaleagasioglu F, Olcay E. Fluoroquinolone-Induced Tendinopathy: Etiology and Preventive Measures. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:251-8. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ercan Olcay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|