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Agrawal S, Yallatikar T, Gurjar P. Brassica Nigra: Ethopharmacological Review of a Routinely Used Condiment. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020. [PMID: 29521240 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180308143400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica nigra belonging to the family Brassicaceae (syn - black mustard) comprises of dried seeds and is widely cultivated in Mediterranean region and various other countries like India and Europe. The Plant is neither reported in any official book nor reported systematically for pharmacological effects. METHODS We undertook a structured search of all the official books including pharmacopoeias and ayurvedic textbooks. The data was collected, sorted and compiled to bring the chemical constituents and uses of B. nigra. RESULTS B. nigra contains glycosinolates which undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of myrosinase enzyme yields allyl isothiocyante. The bitter taste and pungent odor is due to the isothiocyanates. B. Nigra shows various activities that are medically important such as anticancer, anti-bacterial, antifungal, anti-helminthic, protection against renal and hepatic toxicity and can also be used in diabetes treatment. Black mustards are also used in cardiovascular and neurological disorders. CONCLUSION The present review explores the historical background including the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological action, various evaluation parameters, formulations and uses of black mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Agrawal
- Department of Quality Assurance, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Tapasya Yallatikar
- Department of Quality Assurance, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pravina Gurjar
- Quality Assurance, Sharadchandra Pawar College of Pharmacy, Otur, Dist: Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Akagi JI, Cho YM, Mizuta Y, Toyoda T, Ogawa K. Subchronic toxicity evaluation of 5-hexenyl isothiocyanate, a nature identical flavoring substance from Wasabia japonica, in F344/DuCrj rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cho YM, Hasumura M, Imai T, Takami S, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K. Horseradish extract promotes urinary bladder carcinogenesis when administered to F344 rats in drinking water. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:853-862. [PMID: 28165151 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates, has been used as a food additive. To evaluate the potential hazards of HRE, a 104-week chronic study, a 2-week analysis of cell proliferation in the urinary bladder and a medium-term promotion bioassay of HRE were conducted with administration at concentrations of up to 0.04% HRE in the drinking water to male F344 rats. In the 104-week chronic study with 32 male rats per group, no treatment-related increases in the incidences of neoplastic lesions in any organ, including urinary bladder, were observed, except for simple hyperplasia in the urinary bladder in rats treated with HRE at concentrations of more than 0.01% (5.0 mg kg-1 body weight day-1 ). In the promotion study, HRE treatment after N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine initiation caused a clear increase in papillary or nodular hyperplasia, papilloma, and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in the groups given HRE for 13 weeks at doses higher than 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.04% (2.7, 5.4 and 20.5 mg kg-1 body weight day-1 ), respectively. In the 2-week cell proliferation analysis, treatment with HRE at concentrations greater than 0.005% (3.9 mg kg-1 body weight day-1 ) caused transient increases in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling indices in the urothelium. Although clear tumor induction was not observed, administration of relatively low-dose HRE increased cell proliferation in the urothelium and exerted obvious promoting effects on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mode of action of HRE in the rat urinary bladder to facilitate data extrapolation from the present study and provide insights into risk assessment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Mai Hasumura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.,Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Takami
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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Veeranki OL, Bhattacharya A, Tang L, Marshall JR, Zhang Y. Cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates, and prevention of bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:272-282. [PMID: 26273545 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of human bladder cancers (BC) are non-muscle invasive when first diagnosed and are usually treated by transurethral tumor resection. But 50-80% of patients experience cancer recurrence. Agents for prevention of primary BC have yet to be identified. Existing prophylactics against BC recurrence, e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), have limited efficacy and utility; they engender significant side effects and require urethral catheterization. Many cruciferous vegetables, rich sources of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are commonly consumed by humans. Many ITCs possess promising chemopreventive activities against BC and its recurrence. Moreover, orally ingested ITCs are selectively delivered to bladder via urinary excretion. This review is focused on urinary delivery of ITCs to the bladder, their cellular uptake, their chemopreventive activities in preclinical and epidemiological studies that are particularly relevant to prevention of BC recurrence and progression, and their chemopreventive mechanisms in BC cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkara L Veeranki
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arup Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - James R Marshall
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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