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Tsubokura Y, Hasegawa R, Aso S, Kobayashi T, Koga T, Hoshuyama S, Oshima Y, Miyata K, Kusune Y, Muroi T, Hashizume N, Inoue Y, Ajimi S, Furukawa K. Combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test of benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-, tetrapropylene derivs. in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:492-500. [PMID: 29156995 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1397161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted animal toxicity tests of chemicals for a chemical safety program implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. Here we conducted a combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test of benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-, tetrapropylene derivs. (BOTD). BOTD was administered to 9-week-old Crl:CD(SD) male and female rats by gavage at 0, 40, 200, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Males were treated for 42 days including mating period. Females were treated for 42-53 days through the premating, mating, pregnancy, and until Day 4 of lactation periods. Increases in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values were observed only in males at 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes was observed with increased liver weight in both sexes at 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day, but there was no histologic evidence of hepatotoxicity. Diffuse hypertrophy of follicular cells in thyroid glands was observed in females at 200 mg/kg/day and in both sexes at 1000 mg/kg/day, with an increased blood cholesterol level in females at 1000 mg/kg/day. The conception index was decreased for females at 1000 mg/kg/day; and no abnormalities were detected in the reproductive indices of implantation, delivery, or pups' condition, although a slight increase in the pups' body weight was noted at birth. Our data indicate a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 40 mg/kg/day for repeated-dose toxicity on the basis of the prolongation of blood coagulating time, and of 200 mg/kg/day for reproductive/developmental toxicity on the basis of the decreased conception index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsubokura
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hasegawa
- b Chemical Biotesting Center , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Sunao Aso
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Toshio Kobayashi
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takayuki Koga
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Satsuki Hoshuyama
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yutaka Oshima
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyata
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yuji Kusune
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takako Muroi
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- c CERI Kurume , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Kurume-shi , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- c CERI Kurume , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Kurume-shi , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shozo Ajimi
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Kotaro Furukawa
- a CERI Hita , Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
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Tsubokura Y, Hasegawa R, Aso S, Kobayashi T, Koga T, Hoshuyama S, Oshima Y, Miyata K, Kusune Y, Muroi T, Hashizume N, Inoue Y, Ajimi S, Furukawa K. Combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test of 1-tert-butoxy-4-chlorobenzene in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:344-358. [PMID: 27790921 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1236265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out animal toxicity tests of chemicals for a chemical safety program implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry of Japan. Here, we tested 1-tert-butoxy-4-chlorobenzene in a combined repeat-dose and developmental and reproductive toxicity test. The test chemical was administered daily by gavage to 9-week-old Crl:CD (SD) rats at doses of 0, 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg/d. Males were treated for 42 d beginning 14 d before mating. Females were treated from 14 d before mating to day 4 of lactation. Decreased spontaneous locomotion, decreased respiratory rate, and incomplete eyelid opening were observed at 500 mg/kg/d (both sexes), but resolved within 30 min of administration, suggesting central nervous system depression. No notable changes were observed in body weight, food consumption, functional battery tests, or blood test. Increased liver weight with centrilobular or diffuse hepatocyte hypertrophy was observed at 100 and 500 mg/kg/d (both sexes). There were no biochemical or histopathological changes related to hepatotoxicity. Increased kidney weight with basophilic tubules, tubule dilatation, and increased hyaline droplets were observed in males dosed at 100 and 500 mg/kg/d. Immunohistochemical staining indicated α2u-globulin nephropathy, a male rat-specific toxicity. Although kidney weight was also increased in females dosed at 500 mg/kg/d, it was not considered to be an adverse effect because there were no histopathological changes. Pup weights on postnatal day 0 were decreased at 500 mg/kg/d and still decreased on postnatal day 4. Our data indicated the no-observed-adverse-effect-level for repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity for 1-tert-butoxy-4-chlorobenzene was 100 mg/kg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsubokura
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hasegawa
- b Chemical Biotesting Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan , and
| | - Sunao Aso
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Toshio Kobayashi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takayuki Koga
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Satsuki Hoshuyama
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yutaka Oshima
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyata
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yuji Kusune
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takako Muroi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- c CERI Kurume, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Kurume-shi , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- c CERI Kurume, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Kurume-shi , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shozo Ajimi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Kotaro Furukawa
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
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Yang H, Kong Q, Liu H, Zhang W, Tian L, Lin B, Fang Y, Xi Z. Thyroid follicular lesions induced by thiazole–Zn feed treatment for one year in Sprague-Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tsubokura Y, Aso S, Koga T, Kikuchi J, Kobayashi T, Hoshuyama S, Oshima Y, Miyata K, Kusune Y, Muroi T, Yoshida T, Hasegawa R, Ajimi S, Furukawa K. Combined repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test of 4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:361-74. [PMID: 25367778 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.973962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
4-Methoxy-2-nitroaniline (4M2NA) is widely used as an intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, pigments and other chemical compounds. Since 4M2NA has amino-group and nitro-group on the benzene ring, it was expected that it induced obvious hemolytic anemia. We conducted a combined repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline No. 422 (OECD TG 422) to enrich the toxic information and ensure the safety of 4M2NA. 4M2NA was administered to Crl:CD(SD) male and female rats by gavage at 0, 12.5, 75 or 450 mg/kg/day for 42 to maximum of 54 days through pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation periods. An extramedullary hematopoiesis and congestion in spleen, and higher reticulocyte ratio were noted in only females at 450 mg/kg/day without decreased anemic parameters in the hematological examination. Hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes in both sexes was observed with increased relative liver weight at 450 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, the diffuse follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid was observed in females at 450 mg/kg/day. No abnormalities were detected in the reproductive indices of copulation, delivery or fetal viability. We concluded the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for repeated-dose toxicity was 75 mg/kg/day based on the trace evidences of hemolytic anemia, and the NOAEL for reproductive/developmental toxicity as 450 mg/kg/day based on no toxicological concerns for reproductive endpoints. The hemolytic anemia was much milder than expected. Thus, we discussed the reason of this much less hemolytic effect from the point of view of the structural characteristics of 4M2NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsubokura
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Sunao Aso
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takayuki Koga
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuchi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Toshio Kobayashi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Satsuki Hoshuyama
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yutaka Oshima
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyata
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Yuji Kusune
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Takako Muroi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- b CERI Kurume, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Miyanojin , Kurume-shi , Fukuoka , Japan , and
| | - Ryuichi Hasegawa
- c Chemical Biotesting Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Koraku, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shozo Ajimi
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
| | - Kotaro Furukawa
- a CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute , Japan, Ishii-machi , Hita-shi , Oita , Japan
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