1
|
Saito Y, Fukami S, Nagai K, Ogawa E, Kuroda M, Kohno M, Akimoto J. Cytocidal Effects of Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium and a Semiconductor Laser in a Rat Intracerebral Glioma Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2141. [PMID: 39335654 PMCID: PMC11430772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This preclinical study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of interstitial PDT (i-PDT) for malignant gliomas arising deep within the brain, which are difficult to remove. C6 glioma cells were implanted into the basal ganglia of rats, and 3 weeks later, the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (TPS) was administered intraperitoneally. Ninety minutes after administration, a prototype fine plastic optical fiber was punctured into the tumor tissue, and semiconductor laser light was irradiated into the tumor from a 2-mm cylindrical light-emitting source under various conditions. The brain was removed 24 h after the i-PDT and analyzed pathologically. The optical fiber was able to puncture the tumor center in all cases, enabling i-PDT to be performed. Histological analysis showed that tumor necrosis was induced in areas close to the light source, correlating with the irradiation energy dose, whereas apoptosis was induced at some distance from the light source. Irradiation using high energy levels resulted in tissue swelling from strong tumor necrosis, and irradiation at 75 J/cm2 was most suitable for inducing apoptosis. An experimental system of i-PDT using TPS was established using malignant glioma cells transplanted into the rat brain. Tumor cell death, which correlated with the light propagation, was induced in tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Fukami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kenta Nagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kohno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohsei Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo 153-8581, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pashootan P, Saadati F, Fahimi H, Rahmati M, Strippoli R, Zarrabi A, Cordani M, Moosavi MA. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123622. [PMID: 37989403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive treatment strategy currently utilized in the clinical management of selected cancers and infections. This technique is predicated on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and subsequent irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within targeted cells. The cellular effects of PDT are dependent on both the localization of the PS and the severity of ROS challenge, potentially leading to the stimulation of various cell death modalities. For many years, the concept of regulated cell death (RCD) triggered by photodynamic reactions predominantly encompassed apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, in recent decades, further explorations have unveiled additional cell death modalities, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which helps to achieve tumor cell elimination. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated substantial advantages over traditional PSs and become important components of PDT, due to their improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced solubility and superior specificity for targeted cells. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the applications of different metal-based NPs as PSs or delivery systems for optimized PDT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it mechanistically highlights the contribution of RCD pathways during PDT with metal NPs and how these forms of cell death can improve specific PDT regimens in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hsia T, Small JL, Yekula A, Batool SM, Escobedo AK, Ekanayake E, You DG, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. Systematic Review of Photodynamic Therapy in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3918. [PMID: 37568734 PMCID: PMC10417382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, gliomas have made up over 89% of malignant CNS tumor cases in the American population (NIH SEER). Within this, glioblastoma is the most common subtype, comprising 57% of all glioma cases. Being highly aggressive, this deadly disease is known for its high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, rendering a complicated disease course. The current standard of care consists of maximally safe tumor resection concurrent with chemoradiotherapy. However, despite advances in technology and therapeutic modalities, rates of disease recurrence are still high and survivability remains low. Given the delicate nature of the tumor location, remaining margins following resection often initiate disease recurrence. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that, following the administration of a non-toxic photosensitizer, induces tumor-specific anti-cancer effects after localized, wavelength-specific illumination. Its effect against malignant glioma has been studied extensively over the last 30 years, in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the three generations of photosensitizers alongside their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia L. Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 554414, USA
| | - Syeda M. Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana K. Escobedo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbas G, Alibrahim F, Kankouni R, Al-Belushi S, Al-Mutairi DA, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Benov L. Effect of the nature of the chelated metal on the photodynamic activity of metalloporphyrins. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:487-499. [PMID: 38035627 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2288997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of metal ions by the tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic ring of porphyrin-based photosensitizers (PSs) affects their photophysical properties and consequently, their photodynamic activity. Diamagnetic metals increase the singlet oxygen quantum yield while paramagnetic metals have the opposite effect. Since singlet oxygen is considered the main cell-damaging species in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the nature of the chelated cation would directly affect PDT efficacy. This expectation, however, is not always supported by experimental results and numerous exceptions have been reported. Understanding the effect of the chelated metal is hindered because different chelators were used. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the nature of chelated cation on the photophysical and photodynamic properties of metalloporphyrins, using the same tetrapyrrole core as a chelator of Ag(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), In(III), Mn(III), or Zn(II). Results demonstrated that with the exception of Ag(II), all paramagnetic metalloporphyrins were inefficient as generators of singlet oxygen and did not act as PSs. In contrast, the coordination of diamagnetic ions produced highly efficient PSs. The unexpected photodynamic activity of the Ag(II)-containing porphyrin was attributed to reduction of the chelated Ag(II) to Ag(I) or to demetallation of the complex, caused by cellular reductants and/or by exposure to light. Our results indicate that in biological systems, where PSs localize to various organelles and are subjected to the action of enzymes, reactive metabolites, and reducing or oxidizing agents, their physicochemical and photosensitizing properties change. Consequently, the photophysical properties alone cannot predict the anticancer efficacy of a PS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah Alibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan Kankouni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sara Al-Belushi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takahashi T, Misawa S, Suzuki S, Saeki N, Shinoda Y, Tsuneoka Y, Akimoto J, Fujiwara Y. Possible mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 expression in rat malignant meningioma KMY-J cells subjected to talaporfin sodium-mediated photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102009. [PMID: 32949789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction may contribute to a protective response against photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium (TS) in rat malignant meningioma KMY-J cells. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of HO-1 induction by PDT with TS (TS-PDT) in KMY-J cells. METHODS KMY-J cells were incubated with 25 μM TS for 2 h and then exposed to 664 nm diode laser irradiation at 1 J/cm2. The gene and protein expression levels of HO-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 in KMY-J cells were increased significantly at 3, 6, and 9 h after laser irradiation and the increased mRNA level of HO-1 was decreased by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine treatment. The protein level of HIF-1α, which mediates transcriptional activation of the HO-1 gene, was increased significantly at 1 h after laser irradiation. Additionally, induction of mRNA expression of HO-1 by TS-PDT was diminished by HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin. We also demonstrated that echinomycin significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of TS-PDT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that TS-PDT may induce HO-1 expression via reactive oxygen species production and then HIF-1 pathway activation in KMY-J cells, and the HO-1 induction may cause attenuation of the therapeutic effect of TS-PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Suzuka Misawa
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Saki Suzuki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nanako Saeki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tsuneoka
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akter S, Inai M, Saito S, Honda N, Hazama H, Nishikawa T, Kaneda Y, Awazu K. Photodynamic therapy by lysosomal-targeted drug delivery using talaporfin sodium incorporated into inactivated virus particles. Laser Ther 2019; 28:245-256. [PMID: 32255916 PMCID: PMC7087334 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.19-or-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive cancer treatment involving the activation of photosensitizer by a specific wavelength of light, is considered to be a promising treatment option for drug-resistant prostate cancer. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) has the potential to serve as a highly effective cancer therapy through selective drug delivery and enhancement of the anti-tumor immune response. OBJECTIVES To improve therapeutic efficacy and selective accumulation of photosensitizer into tumor cells, we developed a novel photosensitizer, Laserphyrin®-HVJ-E (L-HVJ-E), by incorporating talaporfin sodium (Laserphyrin®, Meiji Seika Pharma) into HVJ-E. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of PDT with Laserphyrin® or L-HVJ-E was evaluated in the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro. The subcellular localizations of Laserphyrin® and L-HVJ-E were observed by confocal microscopy. Apoptosis or necrosis following PDT was detected by annexin V-fluorescein/propidium iodide double staining. RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of Laserphyrin®- and L-HVJ-E-mediated PDT were determined by evaluating cell survival rate and production of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxicity of L-HVJ-E-mediated PDT was dependent on drug concentration and light dose. Laserphyrin® and L-HVJ-E gradually entered cells as incubation time increased, and both agents tended to be distributed in lysosomes rather than mitochondria. Time and dose dependent increase in ROS production was observed, and induction of both apoptotic and necrotic cell death was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Laserphyrin® and L-HVJ-E were distributed mainly in lysosomes and induced cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, L-HVJ-E-mediated PDT effectively killed cultured PC-3 cells and exerted higher photocytotoxicity than Laserphyrin®-mediated PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Akter
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Inai
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Honda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute of Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisanao Hazama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Global Centre for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fujita Y, Sasayama T, Tanaka K, Kyotani K, Nagashima H, Kohta M, Kimura H, Fujita A, Kohmura E. DWI for Monitoring the Acute Response of Malignant Gliomas to Photodynamic Therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:2045-2051. [PMID: 31753834 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Photodynamic therapy is a novel treatment that provides effective local control, but little is known about photodynamic therapy-induced changes on MR imaging. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of DWI and ADC in monitoring the response of malignant gliomas to photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time-dependent changes in DWI and ADC values after photodynamic therapy were analyzed in a group that received photodynamic therapy in comparison with a group that did not. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled (photodynamic therapy, n = 14; non-photodynamic therapy, n = 10). In all patients who received photodynamic therapy, linear high signals on DWI in the irradiated area were detected adjacent to the resection cavity and were 5-7 mm in depth from 1 day posttreatment and disappeared in about 30 days without any neurologic deterioration. The non-photodynamic therapy group did not show this change. The photodynamic therapy group had significantly lower ADC values from 1 day posttreatment (P < .001), which increased steadily and disappeared by 30 days. There was no decline or time-dependent change in ADC values in the non-photodynamic therapy group. CONCLUSIONS The acute response of malignant gliomas to photodynamic therapy was detected as linear high signals on DWI and as a decrease in ADC values. These findings were asymptomatic and transient. Although the photodynamic therapy-induced acute response on MR imaging disappeared after approximately 30 days, it may be helpful for confirming the photodynamic therapy-irradiated area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujita
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Sasayama
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - K Kyotani
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology (K.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine and Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - H Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery (H.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Kohta
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - H Kimura
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - A Fujita
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - E Kohmura
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.F., T.S., K.T., M.K., H.K., A.F., E.K.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ogawa E, Akimoto J, Fukami S, Hayashi S, Kohno M, Doi M, Hamada R, Nakazawa H, Miyashita A, Arai T. Diffused light attenuation at 664 nm for PDT in salted cadaver brain. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101593. [PMID: 31704503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated light attenuation at 664 nm, which is the excitation wavelength of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium, in a salted cadaver brain. Estimation of therapeutic lesions is important to ensure the effectiveness and safety of brain tumor PDT. Previously reported optical properties of the human brain vary widely. In this study, we measured the light attenuation in brain tissue using a practical method. We employed a salted cadaver brain, in which the mechanical and optical properties can be maintained as close as possible to those under operative conditions. METHODS A neuroendoscope was inserted into the brain until the cerebral ventricle was reached. A thin cylindrical diffuser probe was advanced 10 mm from the endoscope tip. By another path from the brain surface, an optical fiber for measurement was inserted into a puncture needle, and a pair of needles was used to puncture the tissue and reach the same cerebral ventricle in which the endoscope tip was positioned. The attenuation of light intensities in the frontal lobe and cerebellum was measured by varying the bundle tip position. The starting positions of the bundle were confirmed by the endoscopic view. The measured light intensity attenuations were fitted with an exponential curve. RESULTS The following attenuation coefficients were obtained: 0.20 ± 0.05 mm-1 in the cerebrum and 0.27 ± 0.05 mm-1 in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION As conventional spectroscopic measurement may overestimate attenuation in the whole tissue, in situ measurement using the withdrawal technique might be appropriate for measurement of inhomogeneous biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjyuku, Sinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Shinjiro Fukami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjyuku, Sinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjyuku, Sinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kohno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjyuku, Sinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Marika Doi
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Risa Hamada
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruna Nakazawa
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Aki Miyashita
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tsunenori Arai
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noboa MA, AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Azulichlorins and Benzocarbachlorins Derived Therefrom. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11649-11664. [PMID: 31429281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed condensation of azulidipyrrane aldehydes with a dihydrodipyrrin carbaldehyde afforded the first examples of azulichlorins. These macrocyclic products were isolated in a monoprotonated form, and the free bases proved to be somewhat unstable. The monocations were strongly diatropic, and proton NMR spectroscopy showed the internal C-H at ca. -2 ppm. Addition of TFA gave the related dications, but these exhibited significantly reduced aromatic ring currents. Reaction of an azulichlorin with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and KOH in dichloromethane/methanol gave a benzocarbachlorin and two related aldehydes. The UV-vis spectrum for the benzocarbachlorin showed a split Soret band at 414 and 430 nm, together with a strong chlorin-like absorption at 684 nm. The proton NMR spectrum indicated that the carbachlorin is strongly aromatic and the internal C-H was observed at -4.64 ppm. Addition of TFA afforded a C-protonated dication with a significantly increased diatropic ring current. The proton NMR spectrum, NICS calculations, and AICD plots indicated that the system favors a 22π electron delocalization pathway that runs through the fused benzo unit. Addition of TFA to the benzocarbachlorin aldehydes primarily led to the formation of monocations, and the generation of C-protonated dications was no longer favored due to the presence of electron-withdrawing formyl moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Noboa
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790-4160 , United States
| | - Deyaa I AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790-4160 , United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790-4160 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Donohoe C, Senge MO, Arnaut LG, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Cell death in photodynamic therapy: From oxidative stress to anti-tumor immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188308. [PMID: 31401103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment that relies on the administration of a photosensitizer followed by tumor illumination. The generated oxidative stress may activate multiple mechanisms of cell death which are counteracted by cells through adaptive stress responses that target homeostasis rescue. The present renaissance of PDT was leveraged by the acknowledgment that this therapy has an immediate impact locally, in the illumination volume, but that subsequently it may also elicit immune responses with systemic impact. The investigation of the mechanisms of cell death under the oxidative stress of PDT is of paramount importance to understand how the immune system is activated and, ultimately, to make PDT a more appealing/relevant therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao Y, Zheng QC, Xu S, Yuan Y, Cheng X, Jiang S, Kenry, Yu Q, Song Z, Liu B, Li M. Theranostic Nanodots with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic for Targeted and Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9:1264-1279. [PMID: 30867829 PMCID: PMC6401505 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS) serves as the central element of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The use of common nanoparticles (NPs) for PDT has typically been rendered less effective by the undesirable aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, resulting in quenched fluorescence and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that diminish the imaging quality and PDT efficacy. To overcome the ACQ effect and to enhance the overall efficacy of PDT, herein, integrin ανβ3-targeted organic nanodots for image-guided PDT were designed and synthesized based on a red emissive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PS. Methods: The TPETS nanodots were prepared by nano-precipitation method and further conjugated with thiolated cRGD (cRGD-SH) through a click reaction to yield the targeted TPETS nanodots (T-TPETS nanodots). Nanodots were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, conjugation rate, particle size, absorption and emission spectra and ROS production. The targeted fluorescence imaging and antitumor efficacy of T-TPETS nanodot were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by T-TPETS nanodot mediated-PDT was explored. The biocompatibility and toxicity of the nanodots was examined using cytotoxicity test, hemolysis assay, blood biochemistry test and histological staining. Results: The obtained nanodots show bright red fluorescence and highly effective 1O2 generation in aggregate state. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the nanodots exhibit excellent tumor-targeted imaging performance, which facilitates image-guided PDT for tumor ablation in a hepatocellular carcinoma model. Detailed analysis reveals that the nanodot-mediated PDT is able to induce time- and concentration-dependent cell death. The use of PDT at a high PDT intensity leads to direct cell necrosis, while cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway is achieved under low PDT intensity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that well-designed AIE nanodots are promising for image-guided PDT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Chang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Youyong Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kenry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Qihong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium induces dose- and time-dependent apoptotic cell death in malignant meningioma HKBMM cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:29-34. [PMID: 30389626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the talaporfin sodium (mono-L-asparthyl chlorine e6: NPe-6) on human malignant meningioma cell line HKBMM cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS After incubation with NPe6 for 4 h, cells underwent PDT (diode laser irradiation: 3.4 mW/cm2 and 1 J/cm2. Cell viability was determined in 2 malignant meningioma cell lines (human origin; HKBMM cells and rat origin; KMY-J cells) and human malignant glioma U251 cells with Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The HKBMM cells were examined for caspase-3 activity, annexin V or propidium iodide (PI) staining, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Morphological change was also investigated with phase-contrast microscopy. RESULTS In human malignant meningioma HKBMM cells, viability showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease. After 24 h of laser irradiation, NPe6 at 20 μg/ml or more induced a significant decrease in cell viability in both HKBMM cells and KMY-J cells, although they more resistance than the malignant glioma cell line U251 cells. Two kinds of morphological change were also observed in the HKBMM cells, shrinkage of the cell body, indicating apoptosis, and swelling of the cell body, indicating necrosis. In addition, both caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation, biochemical markers indicative of apoptosis, showed a dose-dependent increase. The percentage of necrotic cells showing positive staining for annexin V or PI was greater than that of apoptotic cells at a high concentration of NPe6. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, a biochemical marker of necrosis, also showed a marked increase at a high concentration of NPe6. CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy with NPe6 induced dose- and time-dependent apoptosis in human malignant meningioma HKBMM cells. At a high concentration of NPe6, however, it induced necrosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Takahashi T, Suzuki S, Misawa S, Akimoto J, Shinoda Y, Fujiwara Y. Photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in rat malignant meningioma KMY-J cells. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:353-358. [PMID: 29743446 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium (TS) is tumor cell-selective less invasive therapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. We previously demonstrated that PDT using TS (TS-PDT) treatment exhibits anti-tumor activity against not only glioblastoma cells but also malignant meningioma cells. In general, various stress response proteins have been reported to affect the sensitivity determination for anticancer agents against tumor cells. However, the relationship between the therapeutic effect of TS-PDT and stress response systems in tumor cells is not adequately investigated. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of stress response proteins, including Sod1, Cat1, Gstp1, Gpx1, Nqo1, and Hmox1, in rat malignant meningioma KMY-J cells after treatment of TS-PDT. TS-PDT treatment significantly decreased the cell viability when compared with the no laser irradiation group. In morphological observation, TS at 25.6 µM treatment exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect after 12 hr of laser irradiation to KMY-J cells. After 3 and 6 hr of TS-PDT treatment, mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by Hmox1) was significantly increased by TS-PDT treatment. We also demonstrated that zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of TS-PDT treatment. These data suggest that HO-1 induction may contribute to a protective response against TS-PDT treatment in the malignant meningioma cells and may attenuate the therapeutic effect for TS-PDT treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Saki Suzuki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Suzuka Misawa
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nishie H, Kataoka H, Yano S, Kikuchi JI, Hayashi N, Narumi A, Nomoto A, Kubota E, Joh T. A next-generation bifunctional photosensitizer with improved water-solubility for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74259-74268. [PMID: 27708235 PMCID: PMC5342051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits light interactions and photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) uses the phenomenon of photosensitizer emitting fluorescence to distinguish some tumors from normal tissue. The standard photosensitizer used for PDD is 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), although it is not entirely satisfactory. We previously reported glucose-conjugated chlorin (G-chlorin) as a more effective photosensitizer than another widely used photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium (TS); however, G-chlorin is hydrophobic. We synthesized oligosaccharide-conjugated chlorin (O-chlorin) with improved water-solubility. We report herein on its accumulation and cytotoxicity. O-chlorin was synthesized and examined for solubility. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate O-chlorin accumulation in cancer cells. To evaluate the intracellular localization of photosensitizer, cells were stained with O-chlorin and organelle-specific fluorescent probes. We then measured the in vitro fluorescence of various photosensitizers and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations to evaluate effects in PDD and PDT, respectively. Xenograft tumor models were established, and antitumor and visibility effects were analyzed. O-chlorin was first shown to be hydrophilic. Flow cytometry then revealed a 20- to 40-times higher accumulation of O-chlorin in cancer cells than of TS, and a 7- to 23-times greater fluorescence than 5-ALA. In vitro, the cytotoxicity of O-chlorin PDT was stronger than that of TS PDT, and O-chlorin tended to accumulate in lysosomes. In vivo, O-chlorin showed the best effect in PDT and PDD compared to other photosensitizers. O-chlorin was hydrophilic and showed excellent tumor accumulation and fluorescence. O-chlorin is promising as a next-generation bifunctional photosensitizer candidate for both PDT and PDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Nishie
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hayashi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sahota N, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Synthesis and Properties of Carbaporphyrin and Carbachlorin Dimethyl Esters Derived from Cyclopentanedialdehydes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9715-9730. [PMID: 28849655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Norbornenes with two ester substituents were prepared by Diels-Alder cycloadditions of cyclopentadiene with dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl 1,1-ethylenedicarboxylate. Oxidation with potassium permanganate gave good yields of related diols that were oxidatively ring-opened to afford cyclopentane dialdehydes. MacDonald-type "3 + 1" condensations with a tripyrrane, followed by oxidation with DDQ in refluxing toluene, gave carbaporphyrin or carbachlorin products in good yields. The macrocyclic products were highly diatropic and produced porphyrin-like UV-vis spectra. The carbaporphyrin was converted into silver(III) and gold(III) organometallic derivatives. Reaction with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate gave mono- and dialkylation products, and treatment of the former with Ni(OAc)2 or Pd(OAc)2 afforded nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes. The free base carbaporphyrin and carbachlorin, and the nickel and palladium complexes, were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The carbachlorin also reacted with silver(I) acetate to give a silver(III) derivative. Carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins underwent deuterium exchange at the meso-positions with deuteriated TFA, and this observation indicates that protonation is occurring at the bridging carbons. The new route to carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins has enabled detailed studies on the properties of these systems and provides the foundations for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Sahota
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng Q, Qiu YH, Luo SL, Shuai L, Yuan Y, Chen YC, Ouyang Q. Regioselective and Switchable meso-Aminations and Couplings of 5,15-Diarylchlorins. Org Lett 2017; 19:3871-3874. [PMID: 28681605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Controllable chemo- and regiodivergent amination reactions of anilines and chlorins are accomplished by employing different oxidants and substrates, constructing aminated chlorin monomers and dimers with high structural diversity. Importantly, besides preferential 20-meso-position, the oxidative amination was also realized at the inactive 10-meso-position by using phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) and gold(III)-based reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu-Hao Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Luo
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Osaki T, Kawase Y, Iseki H, Kishimoto S, Ikuta S, Muragaki Y, Yamashita M, Azuma K, Murahata Y, Tsuka T, Itoh N, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y. Effects of photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium on squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:213-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
18
|
Shinoda Y, Takahashi T, Akimoto J, Ichikawa M, Yamazaki H, Narumi A, Yano S, Fujiwara Y. Comparative photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity of mannose-conjugated chlorin and talaporfin sodium in cultured human and rat cells. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:111-119. [PMID: 28070104 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a Food and Drug Administration authorized method for cancer treatment, which uses photosensitizer and laser photo-irradiation to generate reactive oxygen species to induce cell death in tumors. Photosensitizers have been progressively developed, from first to third generation, with improvements in cell specificity, reduced side effects and toxicity, increased sensitivity for irradiation and reduced persistence of photosensitizer in healthy cells. These improvements have been achieved by basic comparative experiments between current and novel photosensitizers using cell lines; however, photosensitizers should be carefully evaluated because they may have cell type specificity. In the present study, we compared a third-generation photosensitizer, β-mannose-conjugated chlorin (β-M-chlorin), with the second generation, talaporfin sodium (NPe6), using seven different rat and human cell lines and a neuronal/glial primary culture prepared from rat embryos. NPe6 was more effective than β-M-chlorin in human-derived cell lines, and β-M-chlorin was more effective than NPe6 in rat primary cultures and rat-derived cell lines, except for the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. These differences of phototoxicity in different cell types are not because of differences in photosensitivity between the photosensitizers, but rather are associated with different distribution and accumulation rates in the different cell types. These data suggest that evaluation of photosensitizers for PDT should be carried out using as large a variety of cell types as possible because each photosensitizer may have cell type specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Photodithazine photodynamic effect on viability of 9L/lacZ gliosarcoma cell line. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1245-1252. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Cell viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and necrosis in myoblast cultures exposed to low-level infrared laser. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:841-8. [PMID: 26886589 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-level infrared laser is considered safe and effective for treatment of muscle injuries. However, the mechanism involved on beneficial effects of laser therapy are not understood. The aim was to evaluate cell viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and necrosis in myoblast cultures exposed to low-level infrared laser at therapeutic fluences. C2C12 myoblast cultures at different (2 and 10 %) fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations were exposed to low-level infrared laser (808 nm, 100 mW) at different fluences (10, 35, and 70 J/cm(2)) and evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated by WST-1 assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and necrosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell viability was decreased atthe lowest FBS concentration. Laser exposure increased the cell viability in myoblast cultures at 2 % FBS after 48 and 72 h, but no significant increase in ROS was observed. Apoptosis was decreased at the higher fluence and necrosis was increased at lower fluence in myoblast cultures after 24 h of laser exposure at 2 % FBS. No laser-induced alterations were obtained at 10 % FBS. Results show that level of reactive oxygen species is not altered, at least to those evaluated in this study, but low-level infrared laser exposure affects cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis in myoblast cultures depending on laser fluence and physiologic conditions of cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium together with a semiconductor laser was approved in Japan in October 2003 as a less invasive therapy for early-stage lung cancer. The author believes that the principle of PDT would be applicable for controlling the invading front of malignant brain tumors and verified its efficacy through experiments using glioma cell lines and glioma xenograft models. An investigator-initiated clinical study was jointly conducted with Tokyo Women’s Medical University with the support of the Japan Medical Association. Patient enrollment was started in May 2009 and a total of 27 patients were enrolled by March 2012. Of 22 patients included in efficacy analysis, 13 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma showed progression-free survival of 12 months, progression-free survival at the site of laser irradiation of 20 months, 1-year survival of 100%, and overall survival of 24.8 months. In addition, the safety analysis of the 27 patients showed that adverse events directly related to PDT were mild. PDT was approved in Japan for health insurance coverage as a new intraoperative therapy with the indication for malignant brain tumors in September 2013. Currently, the post-marketing investigation in the accumulated patients has been conducted, and the preparation of guidelines, holding training courses, and dissemination of information on the safe implementation of PDT using web sites and videos, have been promoted. PDT is expected to be a breakthrough for the treatment of malignant glioma as a tumor cell-selective less invasive therapy for the infiltrated functional brain area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Silva EPO, Franchi LP, Tedesco AC. Chloro-aluminium phthalocyanine loaded in ultradeformable liposomes for photobiology studies on human glioblastoma. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative clinical protocol to treat brain tumors in early and advanced stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. O. Silva
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
| | - L. P. Franchi
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
| | - A. C. Tedesco
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
He L, Li Y, Tan CP, Ye RR, Chen MH, Cao JJ, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as lysosome-targeted photodynamic anticancer and real-time tracking agents. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5409-5418. [PMID: 29861886 PMCID: PMC5947539 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the rational design and photodynamic anticancer mechanism studies of iridium(iii) complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties.
Stimuli-activatable photosensitizers (PSs) are highly desirable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to selectively demolish tumor cells. On the other hand, lysosomes are emerging as attractive anticancer targets. Herein, four cyclometalated iridium(iii)–β-carboline complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties have been designed and synthesized. Upon visible light (425 nm) irradiation, they show highly selective phototoxicities against cancer cells. Notably, complex 2 ([Ir(N^C)2(N^N)](PF6) in which N^C = 2-phenylpyridine and N^N = 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-β-carboline) displays a remarkably high phototoxicity index (PI = IC50 in the dark/IC50 in light) of >833 against human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Further studies show that 2-mediated PDT induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal damage. The pH-responsive phosphorescence of complex 2 can be utilized to monitor the lysosomal integrity upon PDT, which provides a reliable and convenient method for in situ monitoring of therapeutic effect and real-time assessment of treatment outcome. Our work provides a strategy for the construction of highly effective multifunctional subcellular targeted photodynamic anticancer agents through rational structural modification of phosphorescent metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium induces concentration-dependent programmed necroptosis in human glioblastoma T98G cells. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1739-45. [PMID: 26109138 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitizer induces several types of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, depending on the PDT procedure, photosensitizer type, and cell type. We previously demonstrated that PDT using the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (mono-L-aspartyl chlorine e6, NPe6; NPe6-PDT) induces both mitochondrial apoptotic and necrotic cell death in human glioblastoma T98G cells. However, details regarding the mechanism of necrosis caused by NPe6-PDT are unclear. Here, we investigated whether or not necroptosis, a recently suggested form of programmed necrosis, is involved in the necrotic cell death of NPe6-PDT-treated T98G cells. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cell layer into conditioned medium was significantly increased by NPe6 (25 and 50 μg/ml)-PDT, indicating that NPe6-PDT induces necrosis in these cells. NPe6 (25 μg/ml)-PDT treatment also induced conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3)-I into phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated LC3-II accompanying autophagosome formation, indicators of autophagy; however, of note, NPe6 (50 μg/ml)-PDT did not induce such autophagic changes. In addition, both necrostatin-1 (a necroptosis inhibitor) and knockdown of necroptotic pathway-related proteins [e.g., receptor interacting serine-threonine kinase (RIP)-1, RIP-3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)] inhibited leakage of LDH caused by NPe6 (25 μg/ml)-PDT. Taken together, the present findings revealed that NPe6-PDT-induced necrotic cell death is mediated in part by the necroptosis pathway in glioblastoma T98G cells.
Collapse
|