1
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Elhaieg A, Farag A, Elfadadny A, Yokoi A, Hendawy H, Mandour AS, Tanaka R. Effect of experimental periodontitis on cardiac functions: a comprehensive study using echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, and histopathological evaluation in a rat model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1327484. [PMID: 38179330 PMCID: PMC10764594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a prevalent and severe dental condition characterized by the gradual degradation of the bone surrounding the teeth. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological investigations have suggested a potential link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. However, the complex mechanistic relationship between oral health issues and cardiovascular disorders remains unclear. Aim This study aimed to explore comprehensively the cardiac function through various methods, including conventional echocardiography, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) analysis, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and hemodynamics analysis. Methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established in a group of rats while the second group served as sham. The successful establishment of the periodontitis model was confirmed through staining and radiographic examination of the affected mandibles. Results X-ray films and methylene blue staining revealed alveolar bone resorption in the affected first molar in the model rats, confirming the successful induction of periodontitis. The rats with periodontitis displayed a decrease in ejection fraction compared to the sham group, accompanied by a decrease in mid-to-apical IVPG and mid IVPG. Lower values of strain rate were recorded in the apical segment of the septum, the middle segment of the septum, and the basal segment of the lateral free wall in the periodontitis group, which was associated with histopathological examination showing some degree of myocardial tissue damage. Conversely, rats with periodontitis showed an increase in heart rate, end-systolic volume, and arterial elastance when compared to the sham rats. However, they also exhibited a decrease in stroke work, stroke volume, cardiac output, and end-systolic pressure. Conclusion This study suggests that experimental periodontitis may lead to cardiac dysfunction especially compromised systolic function and myocardial relaxation, potentially indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular events in clinical periodontitis cases. The comprehensive assessment of cardiac function, hemodynamics, and histopathological evaluation underscores the profound impact of periodontitis on heart functions within this specific experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Aimi Yokoi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Aihara K, Nakazawa Y, Takeda S, Hatsusaka N, Onouchi T, Hiramatsu N, Nagata M, Nagai N, Funakoshi-Tago M, Yamamoto N, Sasaki H. Aquaporins contribute to vacuoles formation in Nile grass type II diabetic rats. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:274-287. [PMID: 37493821 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of ion and water microcirculation within the lens is tightly controlled through aquaporin channels and connexin junctions. However, cataracts can occur when the lens becomes cloudy. Various factors can induce cataracts, including diabetes which is a well-known cause. The most common phenotype of diabetic cataracts is a cortical and/or posterior subcapsular opacity. In addition to the three main types and two subtypes of cataracts, a vacuole formation is frequently observed; however, their origin remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the aquaporins and connexins involved in diabetes-induced cataracts and vacuoles in Nile grass type II diabetes. The results showed that the expression of aquaporin 0 and aquaporin 5 increased, and that of connexin 43 decreased in diabetic rat lenses. Additionally, aquaporin 0 and 5 were strongly localized in peripheral of vacuoles, suggesting that aquaporins are involved in vacuoles formation. Transillumination photography revealed large vacuoles at the tip of the Y-suture in the anterior capsule of the diabetic lens, and several small vacuoles were observed in the posterior capsule. Within the vacuoles, cytoplasmic degradation and aggregation of fibrous material were observed. Our findings suggest that aquaporins are potential candidate proteins for preventing vacuole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Aihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibako-en, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibako-en, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Shun Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hatsusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanori Onouchi
- Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibako-en, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Dong H, Tan R, Chen Z, Wang L, Song Y, Jin M, Yin J, Li H, Li J, Yang D. The Effects of Immunosuppression on the Lung Microbiome and Metabolites in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817159. [PMID: 35237248 PMCID: PMC8882871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to suffer from pneumonia, especially Streptococcus and Enterobacter pneumonia. Studies have demonstrated the existence of a complex and dynamic microbiota on the surface of human respiratory epithelial cells, both in healthy and diseased states. However, it is not clear whether the pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients is caused by inhaled oropharyngeal pathogens or abnormal proliferation of pulmonary proteobacteria. In this study, immunosuppressed model was made by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and oropharyngeal saliva aspiration was simulated by oral and pharyngeal tracheal instillation of sterilized phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Furthermore, the effects of immunosuppression on the lung microbial community and its metabolism were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that immunosuppression alone did not change the composition of pulmonary bacteria. Moreover, although the bacteria brought by sterilized PBS from oropharynx to lower respiratory tract changed the composition of the microflora in healthy and immunosuppressed rats, the change in the latter was more obvious. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of pulmonary metabolites were disturbed in the immunosuppressed rats. The altered lung microbiota, including Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, showed significant positive correlations with pulmonary metabolites. Our study suggested that the source of the pathogens of pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats was via inhalation and explored the relationship between lung microbiome and metabolites in immunosuppressed rats. Our results provide the basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for pneumonia.
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Xue B, Wen X, Kuwar R, Sun D, Zhang N. Age-dependent viscoelastic characterization of rat brain cortex. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2022; 3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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5
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Francis ME, Goncin U, Kroeker A, Swan C, Ralph R, Lu Y, Etzioni AL, Falzarano D, Gerdts V, Machtaler S, Kindrachuk J, Kelvin AA. SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Syrian hamster model causes inflammation as well as type I interferon dysregulation in both respiratory and non-respiratory tissues including the heart and kidney. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009705. [PMID: 34265022 PMCID: PMC8282065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection is a disease affecting several organ systems. A model that captures all clinical symptoms of COVID-19 as well as long-haulers disease is needed. We investigated the host responses associated with infection in several major organ systems including the respiratory tract, the heart, and the kidneys after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters. We found significant increases in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF) and type II interferons whereas type I interferons were inhibited. Examination of extrapulmonary tissue indicated inflammation in the kidney, liver, and heart which also lacked type I interferon upregulation. Histologically, the heart had evidence of myocarditis and microthrombi while the kidney had tubular inflammation. These results give insight into the multiorgan disease experienced by people with COVID-19 and possibly the prolonged disease in people with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magen Ellen Francis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Una Goncin
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrea Kroeker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cynthia Swan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Robyn Ralph
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yao Lu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Athema Louise Etzioni
- Department of Pathobiology, Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven Machtaler
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alyson Ann Kelvin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Fareed SA, Mostafa HES. Could aspartame exacerbate caffeine effects on renal maturation in rat's offspring? A biochemical and histological study. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:90-107. [PMID: 33128303 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine and aspartame (ASP) are mostly used as a diet regimen to reduce overweight. The risk increase if used during critical life periods that may affect the development of fetal organs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and combined effects of maternal exposure to caffeine and ASP during gestation and lactation on the kidneys' development of rats' offspring. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided randomly into four groups; Group I (control group). Group II (ASP group): ASP was given at a dose of 40 mg of /kg/day. Group III (Caffeine group): caffeine was given at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. Group IV (ASP & caffeine group); where previous doses of ASP and caffeine were given at the same time. All the treatments were given by oral gavage from the first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 30. Kidneys of rats' offspring were dissected and tested for detection of oxidative stress markers and for histopathological & immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS This study showed a high significant increase in oxidative load (malondialdehyde) in renal tissues in group IV associated with decreased activities of total glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Histological and morphometric examination results showed delayed maturation of renal tissues in Group II and III, but more deleterious effects were observed in group IV with a lot of pathological changes in renal tissues. CONCLUSION The extensive use of caffeine and ASP should be controlled to avoid the risk of their toxicity.
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7
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Wang Y, Ming XX, Zhang CP. Fluorine-Containing Inhalation Anesthetics: Chemistry, Properties and Pharmacology. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5599-5652. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on fluorinated inhalation anesthetics, including synthesis, physical chemistry and
pharmacology, have been summarized in this review. Retrospecting the history of inhalation anesthetics
revealed their increasing reliance on fluorine and ether structures. Halothane causes a rare but
severe immune-based hepatotoxicity, which was replaced by enflurane in the 1970s. Isoflurane replaced
enflurane in the 1980s, showing modest advantages (e.g. lower solubility, better metabolic
stability, and without convulsive predisposition). Desflurane and sevoflurane came into use in the
1990s, which are better anesthetics than isoflurane (less hepatotoxicity, lower solubility, and/or
markedly decreased pungency). However, they are still less than perfect. To gain more ideal inhalation
anesthetics, a large number of fluorinated halocarbons, polyfluorocycloalkanes, polyfluorocycloalkenes,
fluoroarenes, and polyfluorooxetanes, were prepared and their potency and toxicity were
evaluated. Although the pharmacology studies suggested that some of these agents produced anesthesia,
no further studies were continued on these compounds because they showed obvious lacking
as anesthetics. Moreover, the anesthetic activity cannot be simply predicted from the molecular
structures but has to be inferred from the experiments. Several regularities were found by experimental
studies: 1) the potency and toxicity of the saturated linear chain halogenated ether are enhanced
when its molecular weight is increased; 2) the margin of safety decreases and the recovery
time is prolonged when the boiling point of the candidate increases; and 3) compounds with an
asymmetric carbon terminal exhibit good anesthesia. Nevertheless, the development of new inhalation
anesthetics, better than desflurane and sevoflurane, is still challenging not only because of the
poor structure/activity relationship known so far but also due to synthetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ming
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Shomer NH, Allen-Worthington KH, Hickman DL, Jonnalagadda M, Newsome JT, Slate AR, Valentine H, Williams AM, Wilkinson M. Review of Rodent Euthanasia Methods. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:242-253. [PMID: 32138808 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The optimal choice of euthanasia method for laboratory rodents depends on a number of factors, including the scientific goals of the study, the need to minimize animal pain and/or distress, applicable guidelines and laws, the training and proficiency of personnel, and the safety and emotional needs of the personnel performing the euthanasia. This manuscript aims to provide guidance to researchers so they may select the method of euthanasia that results in minimal experimental confounds, such as the creation of artifact and alteration of tissues and analytes. Specific situations addressed include euthanasia of large numbers of rodents and euthanasia of neonates. Recent literature supports the notion of significant strain-dependent differences in response to euthanasia methods such as CO₂ inhalation. To assist researchers in selecting a strain-appropriate method of euthanasia, the authors present a summary of methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of euthanasia techniques, including elements and parameters for a scoring rubric to assess them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirah H Shomer
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri;,
| | | | - Debra L Hickman
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mahesh Jonnalagadda
- Laboratory Animal Medical Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Joseph T Newsome
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea R Slate
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen Valentine
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Mohamed AS, Hosney M, Bassiony H, Hassanein SS, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR, Gaafar K. Sodium pentobarbital dosages for exsanguination affect biochemical, molecular and histological measurements in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:378. [PMID: 31942001 PMCID: PMC6962368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are widely used for animal research in Egypt. Pentobarbital is the most common anesthetic agent; however overdoses may affect the experimental outcomes and limit the use of tissues. To investigate the effects of sodium pentobarbital overdoses during exsanguination, three groups (6 rats/group) of male and female rats were injected i.p. with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of sodium pentobarbital, then carotid exsanguination was performed immediately after loss of consciousness. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) mRNA expressions in liver and kidney organs were evaluated. As well as, serum aminotransferase activities (AST&ALT), glucose, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined. The histological alterations in liver, kidney and spleen were studied. It was found that Hif1a and Tnfa were significantly overexpressed in the studied organs and serum AST, glucose, creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased after sodium pentobarbital overdoses (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared to 50 mg/kg dose. Similarly, significant increase in MDA and GSH levels of liver, kidney and spleen were noticed. Results showed gender difference where Hif1a and Tnfa levels were significantly overexpressed at high dose of sodium pentobarbital of liver and kidney organs in female more than male rats. Since euthanasia protocol may influence the physiological variables and affect genes' expression, it is recommended to avoid sodium pentobarbital overdose during euthanasia as it may interfere with the biochemical, molecular and histological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman S Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Heba Bassiony
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Sarah S Hassanein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amel M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sohair R Fahmy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Khadiga Gaafar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Zhang L, Wang G, Gan J, Dou Z, Bai L. Analgesic effect of the midazolam-induced anesthesia in different doses on the patients after the thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:2064-2067. [PMID: 31889795 PMCID: PMC6923446 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Shibuta H, Yamana R, Kashimoto J, Kamio K, Suda A. Comparison of the anesthetic effect by the injection route of mixed anesthesia (medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol) and the effect of this anesthetic agent on the respiratory function. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:35-42. [PMID: 31748444 PMCID: PMC6983670 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol (MMB) has been used as an injectable general anesthetic agent for laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to
establish data to encourage practical usage of MMB, and to clarify the effects of MMB on the respiratory function in rats. To compare the anesthetic efficacy between the injection routes,
the anesthetic effects of MMB by subcutaneous (s.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection were evaluated in rats. To assess the respiratory function, the blood gas parameters and electrolytes
were assessed in serial venous blood samples collected from before s.c. injection of MMB to 270 min after the injection. Recovery from anesthesia and the respiratory changes after
atipamezole injection at 30 min after MMB injection was also examined. Subcutaneous injection of MMB was associated with more rapid induction and a longer duration of anesthesia as compared
to i.p. injection. The blood gas analysis findings showed MMB had effects on respiratory function, that is, elevations of the partial pressures of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and
reduction of the blood pH. Atipamezole injection resulted in recovery from the MMB-induced anesthetic effect as well as respiratory depression. In conclusion, MMB provides more effective
anesthesia administered by s.c. injection compared to i.p. injection and induces respiratory change. These changes were counteracted by atipamezole. Therefore, we recommend MMB administered
by s.c. injection for anesthesia, followed by injection of atipamezole after the operative procedure to allow recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Shibuta
- Research Resources Management, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Rei Yamana
- Research Resources Management, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Junko Kashimoto
- Research Resources Management, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kamio
- Drug Safety, Drug safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Akiko Suda
- Research Resources Management, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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12
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Kirihara Y, Takechi M, Kurosaki K, Matsuo H, Kajitani N, Saito Y. Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits. Exp Anim 2019; 68:443-452. [PMID: 31092746 PMCID: PMC6842807 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID), and butorphanol (BUT) mixed anesthetic (MMB) has
been used in laboratory animals since ketamine (KET) was designated as a narcotic in Japan
in 2007. We previously reported that MMB produced anesthetic effects in mice and rats. We
also demonstrated the efficacy of atipamezole (ATI), an antagonist of MED produced a quick
recovery from anesthesia. Anesthetics have various anesthetic effects among different
animal species. However, there is little information regarding its effects in rabbits. In
the present study, we examined anesthetic effects of MMB compared to KET and xylazine
mixed anesthetic (KX). We examined the antagonistic effects of ATI by intramuscular (IM)
or intravenous (IV) injection in rabbits. We used the anesthetic score to measure surgical
anesthetic duration and recovery time from anesthesia. During the experiments, we measured
heart rate, respiratory rate, O2-saturation, and blood pressure. We found there
were no significant differences in anesthetic duration and recovery time between MMB and
KX. There were no significant differences in heart rate after administration of MMB or KX.
Systolic blood pressure at 10 min after administration of MMB was higher than that of KX.
The antagonistic effect of ATI by IV injection worked faster than that by IM injection.
Overall, MMB is a useful drug that can induce similar anesthetic effects to KX and has an
antagonist of ATI that makes rabbits quickly recover from anesthesia. These results may
contribute to the welfare of laboratory animals, especially rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kirihara
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takechi
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurosaki
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoji Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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13
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Tanaka M, Abe K, Oka M, Saku K, Yoshida K, Ishikawa T, McMurtry IF, Sunagawa K, Hoka S, Tsutsui H. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase unmasks vigorous vasoconstriction in established pulmonary arterial hypertension. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208691 PMCID: PMC5727286 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that impaired bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, there are published data that show that relatively many PAH patients respond favorably to acetylcholine‐induced pulmonary vasodilation during their follow‐up period, when diverse stages of the disorder are included. We hypothesized that NO bioavailability varies depending on the progression of PAH. Adult rats were exposed to the VEGF receptor blocker Sugen5416 and 3 weeks of hypoxia followed by return to normoxia for various additional weeks. All rats developed increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and occlusive lesion formation at 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks after the Sugen5416 injection. Acute NO synthase blockade did not change the elevated RVSP at the 1‐week time point, while it further increased RVSP markedly at the 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐week time points, leading to death in all rats tested at 8 weeks. Acetylcholine caused significant reduction in RVSP at the 8‐week but not the 1‐week time point, whereas sodium nitroprusside decreased the pressure similarly at both time points. Increased NO‐mediated cGMP production was found in lungs from the 8‐week but not the 1‐week time point. In conclusion, despite its initial impairment, NO bioavailability is restored and endogenous NO plays a critical protective role by counteracting severe pulmonary vasoconstriction in established stages of PAH in the Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia‐exposed rats. Our results provide solid pharmacological evidence for a major contribution of a NO‐suppressed vasoconstrictor component in the pathophysiology of established PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama Mobile, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keimei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama Mobile, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hoka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Nakamura T, Karakida N, Dantsuka A, Ichii O, Elewa YHA, Kon Y, Nagasaki KI, Hattori H, Yoshiyasu T. Effects of a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol on anesthesia and blood biochemistry and the antagonizing action of atipamezole in hamsters. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1230-1235. [PMID: 28603217 PMCID: PMC5559369 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are useful laboratory rodents for studying human infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and cancer. In other rodents, such as mice and rats, a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol functions as a useful anesthetic, although it alters some blood biochemical parameters. In this study, we examined the effects of this mixture on anesthesia and blood biochemical parameters, and the action of atipamezole, a medetomidine antagonist, in hamsters. Intramuscular injection of a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol at doses of 0.15, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, had a short induction time (within 5 min) and produced an anesthetic duration of approximately 100 min in hamsters. We also demonstrated that 0.15 mg/kg of atipamezole, corresponding to the same dose as medetomidine, made hamsters recover quickly from anesthesia. The anesthetic agent markedly altered metabolic parameters, such as plasma glucose and insulin; however, 0.15 mg/kg of atipamezole returned these levels to normal range within approximately 10 min after the injection. The anesthetic also slightly altered mineral levels, such as plasma inorganic phosphorus, calcium and sodium; the latter two were also improved by atipamezole. Our results indicated that the mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol at doses of 0.15, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, functioned as an effective anesthetic, and atipamezole was useful for antagonizing both anesthesia and biochemical alteration in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Nakamura
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoya Karakida
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Ai Dantsuka
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagasaki
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Hideki Hattori
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoji Yoshiyasu
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
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