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Wang C, Okita Y, Zheng L, Shinkai Y, Manevich L, Chin JM, Kimura T, Suzuki H, Kumagai Y, Kato M. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B functions with growth factor signaling to induce tumorigenesis through its serine phosphorylation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4187-4197. [PMID: 34327762 PMCID: PMC8486197 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Glycoprotein non–metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in many cancers, including breast cancer, has been shown to be a prognostic factor. We previously reported that GPNMB overexpression confers tumorigenic potential, as evidenced by invasive tumor growth in vivo, sphere formation, and cellular migration and invasion to non–tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we focused on the serine (S) residue in the intracellular domain of GPNMB (S530 in human isoform b and S546 in mouse), which is predicted to be a phosphorylation site. To investigate the roles of this serine residue, we made an antibody specific for S530‐phosphorylated human GPNMB and a point mutant in which S530 is replaced by an alanine (A) residue, GPNMB(SA). Established GPNMB(SA) overexpressing cells showed a significant reduction in sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo as a result of decreased stemness‐related gene expression compared to that in GPNMB(WT)‐expressing cells. In addition, GPNMB(SA) impaired GPNMB‐mediated cellular migration. Furthermore, we found that tyrosine kinase receptor signaling triggered by epidermal growth factor or fibroblast growth factor 2 induces the serine phosphorylation of GPNMB through activation of downstream oncoproteins RAS and RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lev Manevich
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jas M Chin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kimura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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