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Demirel HH, Zemheri-Navruz F, Kucukkurt İ, Arslan-Acaroz D, Tureyen A, Ince S. Synergistic toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and arsenic alters biomarkers in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:574-583. [PMID: 37663805 PMCID: PMC10470338 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and arsenic cause severe and extensive biological toxicity in organisms. However, their interactions and toxic mechanisms in co-exposure remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, 28 four-week-old female rats were divided into four groups and exposed to 100 mg/L arsenic or/and 600 mg/L 2,4-D through drinking water for a period of 28 days. As a result, it was revealed that biochemical indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine) were increased and decreased hormonal parameters (FSH, LH, PG, and E2) in arsenic and 2,4-D and arsenic combination-treated groups. Moreover, increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level) and decreased antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) were found in the co-exposure groups compared with the individual-exposure groups. Meanwhile, severe DNA damage was observed in co-exposure groups. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, p53, and PARP) and inflammation (NFκB, Cox-2, TNF-α, and TGFβI) indexes in the co-exposure groups were markedly increased, whereas the levels of anti-apoptosis index (Bcl-2) were decreased. It was also observed that co-exposure with 2,4-D and arsenic caused more histopathological changes in tissues. Generally, these results show that co-exposure to 2,4-D and arsenic can seriously cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis and inflammation while having toxicological risk for organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Bartın 74110, Turkey
| | - İsmail Kucukkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Ali Tureyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Health Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir 26080, Turkey
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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Mesnage R, Omriouate H, Antoniou MN. Comparison of transcriptome alterations induced by pendimethalin or its commercial formulation Stomp Aqua in human MCF-7, MCF-10 A and MCF-12 A mammary epithelial cells. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:62. [PMID: 37098576 PMCID: PMC10131388 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The toxicology of herbicides, which are currently in use is under-explored. One highly used but under investigated herbicide is pendimethalin. Here we mined high-throughput data from the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) to identify whether pendimethalin possesses an estrogenic capability in human cells. We also evaluated effects of pendimethalin and its reference commercial formulated herbicide Stomp Aqua on the transcriptome profile of three human mammary epithelial cell lines, cancerous MCF-7 and non-cancerous MCF-10 A and MCF-12 A to see whether this compound could have endocrine disrupting effects and if co-formulants present in the commercial formulation could amplify its toxicity. RESULTS The data mined from the US NTP database suggests that pendimethalin activates estrogen receptors at a concentration of approximately 10?M. MCF-7, MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells were exposed to 10 ?M pendimethalin and Stomp Aqua at an equivalent concentration. Transcriptome analysis showed changes in gene expression patterns implying that pendimethalin affected ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the function of the spliceosome. The formulated pendimethalin product Stomp Aqua gave comparable effects suggesting pendimethalin was responsible for the observed transcriptome alterations. Given the lack of information on the exposure to this pesticide, our study prompts the need for biomonitoring studies, especially under occupational use scenarios, to understand if low level exposure to pendimethalin could have endocrine disrupting effects on populations exposed to this compound. A deeper understanding of the exposure and mechanisms of action of this endocrine-disrupting pesticide is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662, Überlingen, Germany
| | - Helin Omriouate
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Ince S, Demirel HH, Zemheri-Navruz F, Arslan-Acaroz D, Kucukkurt I, Acaroz U, Tureyen A, Demirkapi EN. Synergistic toxicity of ethanol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid enhances oxidant status, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10710-10723. [PMID: 36085217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the interactions between substances as a result of exposure to multiple xenobiotics and determining the impacts on health are important from the toxicological point of view. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the synergistic toxic effects of ethanol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in male albino rats. A total number of 28 Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups (7/each), and 2,4-D (5 mg/kg) and ethanol (3 g/kg) were administered orally to rats for 60 days, either alone or in combination. Co-administration of ethanol and 2,4-D increased liver functional enzyme levels and lipid peroxidation in blood and tissues while decreased glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities when compared to individual applications. Furthermore, co-administration of ethanol and 2,4-D caused DNA damage as well as the increase in apoptotic and proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the tissues especially liver and kidney revealed that these two substances induced more serious damage. In conclusion, co-administration of ethanol and 2,4-D resulted in strong toxic effects on tissues (especially liver) with a synergistic interaction and give rise to serious toxicological drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ince
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | | | - Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ali Tureyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Health Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Nur Demirkapi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Junior CP, Cavallieri GV, da Silva FA, Fernandes GL, Nai GA, Salge AKM, Puhle JG, de Resende E Silva DT, Pereira DR, de Azevedo Mello F, Favareto APA, Rossi RC. Digital image processing: a useful tool in the analysis of lung injuries caused by chronic inhalation of agricultural herbicides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57918-57924. [PMID: 34097223 PMCID: PMC8183328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used in agriculture to control various weeds. The objective of this study was to use the digital image processing method to identify alveolar lesions in the lungs of rats submitted to chronic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) inhalation exposure. We used forty adult male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups: control group (CG), low concentration group (LCG), medium concentration group (MCG), and high concentration group (HCG). In a 6-month exposure period, we used two boxes connected to ultrasonic nebulizers for herbicide spraying. After this period, the rats were euthanized for the collection and study of lung tissue. For each image, counts of injuries and blisters were performed automatically using a methodology based on digital image processing techniques. For analysis of the results, an electronic database (Excel®) was created. We used the Pearson method for correlation analysis; values of p <0.05 were considered significant. In the evaluation of healthy alveoli, we recorded positive and significant correlations between analysis from a pathologist and computational analysis. In the evaluation of injured alveoli, we recorded a positive but non-significant correlation between analysis from a pathologist and computational analysis. These results show the effectiveness of digital image processing when evaluating alveolar integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Alves Favareto
- Environmental and Regional Development, Oeste Paulista University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Environmental and Regional Development, Oeste Paulista University, Km 572, SP-270 - Bairro Limoeiro, Pres. Prudente, SP, 19026-310, Brazil.
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Arnaud LC, Gauthier T, Le Naour A, Hashim S, Naud N, Shay JW, Pierre FH, Boutet-Robinet E, Huc L. Short-Term and Long-Term Carcinogenic Effects of Food Contaminants (4-Hydroxynonenal and Pesticides) on Colorectal Human Cells: Involvement of Genotoxic and Non-Genomic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174337. [PMID: 34503147 PMCID: PMC8431687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One’s environment, including diet, play a major role in the occurrence and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we are interested in two western diet associated food contaminants: 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major lipid peroxidation product neoformed during digestion, and a mixture of pesticides to which we are commonly exposed to via fruit and vegetable consumption. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of acute and long-term exposure to these contaminants, alone or in combination, on colorectal carcinogenesis. We used in vitro models of human colonic cells, either exhibiting or not different genetic susceptibilities to CRC. After acute exposure, we did not observe major alteration. However, long-term exposure to contaminants induce malignant transformation with different cellular mechanisms, depending on genetic susceptibility and contaminants alone or in mixtures. Abstract To investigate environmental impacts upon colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) by diet, we assessed two western diet food contaminants: 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major lipid peroxidation product neoformed during digestion, and a mixture of pesticides. We used human colonic cell lines ectopically eliciting varied genetic susceptibilities to CRC: the non-transformed human epithelial colonic cells (HCECs) and their five isogenic cell lines with the loss of APC (Adenomatous polyposis coli) and TP53 (Tumor protein 53) and/or ectopic expression of mutated KRAS (Kristen-ras). These cell lines have been exposed for either for a short time (2–24 h) or for a long period (3 weeks) to 1 µM HNE and/or 10 µM pesticides. After acute exposure, we did not observe any cytotoxicity or major DNA damage. However, long-term exposure to pesticides alone and in mixture with HNE induced clonogenic transformation in normal HCECs, as well as in cells representing later stages of carcinogenesis. It was associated with genotoxic and non-genomic mechanisms (cell growth, metabolic reprogramming, cell mobility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) depending on genetic susceptibility. This study demonstrated a potential initiating and promoting effect of food contaminants on CRC after long-term exposure. It supports that these contaminants can accelerate carcinogenesis when mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana C. Arnaud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Thierry Gauthier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Saleha Hashim
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Jerry W. Shay
- Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fabrice H. Pierre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
| | - Laurence Huc
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (L.C.A.); (T.G.); (A.L.N.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (F.H.P.); (E.B.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-8206-6320
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