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Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Méndez G, Moya M, Martínez A, Viera W, Heredia-Moya J, Beltrán E, Vera E, Villacís M. Functional and Antioxidant Evaluation of Two Ecotypes of Control and Grafted Tree Tomato ( Solanum betaceum) at Different Altitudes. Foods 2023; 12:3494. [PMID: 37761202 PMCID: PMC10530088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is susceptible to nematode attack; for this reason, grafting is used as an alternative to reduce this impact. In this study, the bioactive compounds of the fruit (shell, pulp, and seed jelly) of two tree tomato ecotypes ('giant orange' and 'giant purple') were evaluated in both control and grafted plants grown at different altitudes (2010-2250, 2260-2500, 2510-2750 and 2760-3000 masl). Commercial quality, vitamin C, organic acids, phenolics, carotenoids and antioxidant activity were determined by microextraction and quantified by liquid chromatography (RRLC) or spectrophotometry (microplate reader). The results showed high concentrations of vitamin C, organic acids and antioxidant activity in the seed jelly, organic acids in the pulp and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity in the shell. The main phenolics were ferulic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin, while the main carotenoids were lutein, B-cryptoxanthin and B-carotene. Multivariate analysis showed that tree tomato quality was mainly influenced by altitude and fruit part and that grafting positively affected soluble solids for both ecotypes and all altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador;
| | - Aníbal Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - William Viera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador;
| | - Elena Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Michael Villacís
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
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Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Tamarindus indica Linn. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9432. [PMID: 35676439 PMCID: PMC9178027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities and also to determine the various chemical constituents responsible for its pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer to determine the volatile compounds present. The antioxidant activities were performed using DPPH and FRAP method and the antibacterial activity was tested against some common pathogens by macro broth dilution method. The GCMS analysis shows the presence of 37 compounds, out of which 14 had their peak area percentages ≥ 1% and only two compounds had no reported pharmacological activities. Most of the bioactive compounds including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%)-3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (16.31%), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Glucopyranose (9.95%), 5-methyl-Furancarboxaldehyde (3.2%), Triethylenediamine (1.17%), 1-(2-furanyl)-1-Propcanone (2.18%), Methyl 2-furoate (3.14%), Levoglucosenone (3.21%), methyl ester-Hepta-2,4-dienoic acid, (8.85%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox-4H-Pyran-4-one (3.4%), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside (2.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), 2-Heptanol, acetate (1.29%), 5-[(5-methyl-2-fur-2-Furancarboxaldehyde (1.08%), 3-Methyl-2-furoic acid (1.05%) and cis-Vaccenic acid (2.85%)have been reported with different activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant and other prophylactic activities. The extract demonstrated inhibitory potential against all tested pathogen. However, Plesiomonas shigellosis ATCC 15903 and Bacillus pumillus ATCC 14884 are more sensitive with the MIC of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/ml respectively. The antioxidant activity was relatively low due to the low phenolic content of the extract. This shows that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic content. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with various biological activities and this justifies the rationale behind its usage as a curative therapy by many local dwellers.
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Liu Q, Hamid N, Liu Y, Kam R, Kantono K, Wang K, Lu J. Bioactive Components and Anticancer Activities of Spray-Dried New Zealand Tamarillo Powder. Molecules 2022; 27:2687. [PMID: 35566037 PMCID: PMC9103875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarillo fruit contains many phytochemicals that have beneficial therapeutic and nutritional properties. Spray-drying is widely used to preserve fruit puree in powder form. However, to obtain high-quality fruit powder, the optimisation of spray-drying conditions is necessary, as a high drying temperature can damage sensitive bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of spray-drying on the microstructure, polyphenolics, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and anticancer capacity of tamarillo powder. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the spray-drying process to produce tamarillo powder. The independent variables were inlet drying temperature (120-160 °C), flow rate (1-5 g/mL), and maltodextrin concentration (0-10%). These variables influenced the microstructural attributes, bioactive components, and cytotoxicity of the spray-dried tamarillo powder. The increase in polyphenols and antioxidant activities were favoured under high-temperature spray drying conditions and a low carrier concentration. The optimised spray-drying conditions for producing tamarillo powder with high antioxidant and anticancer activities, high yield, and stable bioactive compounds were found to be at 146.8 °C inlet temperature, and a flow rate of 1.76 g/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (R.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (R.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (R.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Rothman Kam
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (R.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (R.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kelvin Wang
- School of Science, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.W.); (J.L.)
- School of Public Health & Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Diep TT, Yoo MJY, Rush E. Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Amino Acids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity of Tamarillo Yoghurts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052526. [PMID: 35269670 PMCID: PMC8910476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laird’s Large tamarillo powder is high in protein (10%) essential amino acids (EAAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and polyphenols (0.6% phenolics plus anthocyanins) and fibre 25%. This study aimed to investigate, using a standardized static in vitro digestion model, the stability of amino acids and antioxidant capacity of polyphenols in yoghurt fortified with 5, 10 and 15% tamarillo powder either before (PRE) or after (POS) fermentation. Compared to plain yoghurt, the fruit polyphenols (rutinosides and glycosides) were retained and substantial increases in FEAAs (free essential amino acids), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were observed particularly at the end of intestinal phase of digestion. Together with SDS-PAGE results, peptides and proteins in tamarillo yoghurts were more easily digested and therefore may be better absorbed in the small intestine compared to the control. TPC and antioxidant activity of fortified yoghurts increased significantly after in vitro digestion. Relatively high bioaccessibilty of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-rutinoside in digested PRE samples was observed. The results suggest that the yoghurt matrix might protect some compounds from degradation, increasing bioaccessibility and in the small intestine allow increased absorption and utilization possible. Fortification would deliver intact polyphenols and fibre to the large intestine and improve gut health. Further research of acceptability, shelf life, and then trials for health effects should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Diep
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9921-9999 (ext. 6456)
| | - Elaine Rush
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo ( Solanum betaceum) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041314. [PMID: 35209098 PMCID: PMC8875926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen organic acids were quantified in peel and pulp of Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo using GC-MS. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been quantified in tamarillo. An untargeted metabolomics approach was used in parallel to identify and quantify 64 more metabolites relative to the internal standard, indicating abundances of glutamic acid, pro-line, aspartic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid as well as lower concentrations of several other essential fatty acids and amino acids. The main findings were that total organic acid concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in pulp than in peel, with the highest concentration seen in Mulligan pulp (219.7 mg/g DW). Remarkably, after citric acid, the potent bactericide itaconic acid was the second most abundant organic acid. At least 95% of organic acids in tamarillo were one of these two acids, as well as cis-aconitic, malic and 4-toluic acids. Differences between cultivar chemotypes were as substantial as differences between tissues. These results suggest that the bitter flavour of the peel does not result from organic acids. The combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative investigation of nutrients and flavours is efficient and informative.
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Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Roy A, Sharma N, Sharma A, Yadav S, Jha V, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Thiruvengadam M, Chung IM, Shariati MA, Simal-Gandara J. Minor tropical fruits as a potential source of bioactive and functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6491-6535. [PMID: 35164626 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tropical fruits are defined as fruits that are grown in hot and humid regions within the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, covering most of the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Oceania. Depending on the cultivation area covered, economic value and popularity these tropical fruits are divided into major and minor tropical fruits. There is an annual increment of 3.8% in terms of commercialization of the tropical fruits. In total 26 minor tropical fruits (Kiwifruit, Lutqua, Carambola, Tree Tomato, Elephant apple, Rambutan, Bay berry, Mangosteen, Bhawa, Loquat, Silver berry, Durian, Persimon, Longan, Passion fruit, Water apple, Pulasan, Indian gooseberry, Guava, Lychee, Annona, Pitaya, Sapodilla, Pepino, Jaboticaba, Jackfruit) have been covered in this work. The nutritional composition, phytochemical composition, health benefits, traditional use of these minor tropical fruits and their role in food fortification have been portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Malda, India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Govt. Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Nadia, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Saanya Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Vaishnavi Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies, and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies, and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies, and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Viera W, Samaniego I, Camacho D, Habibi N, Ron L, Sediqui N, Álvarez J, Viteri P, Sotomayor A, Merino J, Vásquez-Castillo W, Brito B. Phytochemical Characterization of a Tree Tomato ( Solanum betaceum Cav.) Breeding Population Grown in the Inter-Andean Valley of Ecuador. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030268. [PMID: 35161251 PMCID: PMC8838755 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an Andean fruit crop that is grown in Ecuador. It is an exceptional source of minerals and vitamins, thus has nutraceutical properties. The objective of this research was to carry out a phytochemical characterization of a breeding population composed of 90 segregants. Pulp (including mesocarp, mucilage, seeds and placenta) was ground and sieved in order to obtain the liquid pulp to be lyophilized for the chemical analyzes. Antioxidants compounds were determined by spectrophotometry and vitamin C by reflectometry. Data were analyzed by principal components, grouping, and variance analyses; in addition, Z Score estimation was carried out to select elite individuals. There was a broad variability in the data obtained for the breeding population, polyphenol content varied from 5.11 to 16.59 mg GAE g-1, flavonoids from 1.24 to 6.70 mg cat g-1, carotenoids from 50.39 to 460.72 µg β-carotene g-1, anthocyanins from 1.06 to 240.49 mg cy-3-glu 100 g-1, antioxidant capacity from 49.51 to 312.30 µm Trolox g-1, and vitamin C from 78.29 to 420.16 mg 100 g-1. It can be concluded that tree tomato is a good source of beneficial biocompounds and has a high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Viera
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Iván Samaniego
- Department of Nutrition and Quality, Santa Catalina Research Site, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Cutuglahua 171107, Ecuador; (I.S.); (J.Á.)
| | - Diana Camacho
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | | | - Lenin Ron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zoothecnics, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | | | - Javier Álvarez
- Department of Nutrition and Quality, Santa Catalina Research Site, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Cutuglahua 171107, Ecuador; (I.S.); (J.Á.)
| | - Pablo Viteri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrea Sotomayor
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jorge Merino
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Santa Catalina Research Site, Fruit Program, Tumbaco Experimental Farm, Tumbaco 170902, Ecuador; (W.V.); (P.V.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Wilson Vásquez-Castillo
- Agroindustry and Food Science, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170503, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-984-659-247
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Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Ballesteros-Vivas D, Gallego R, Valdés A, Sánchez-Martínez JD, Parada-Alfonso F, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Neuroprotective Potential of Tamarillo ( Cyphomandra betacea) Epicarp Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction Process. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769617. [PMID: 34869538 PMCID: PMC8634709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt.), or tree tomato, is a tropical fruit from the Andean region of South America; it is highly rich in vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. In this study, extracts from tamarillo epicarp (TE) were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and their in-vitro neuroprotective potential was assessed. A central composite design with response surface methodology was performed to optimize PLE as a function of solvent composition and temperature. Selected response variables were extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant (ABTS), and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity. According to the desirability function, the optimal conditions were 100% ethanol and 180°C with a 0.87 desirability value. Next, the anti-butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inhibition as well as cytotoxicity in HK-2, THP-1 monocytes, and SH-5YSY neuroblastoma cell lines were studied for the TE extract obtained under optimized conditions. The optimum TE extract provided the following results: extraction yield (36.25%), TPC (92.09 mg GAE/g extract), TFC (4.4 mg QE/g extract), TCC (107.15 mg CE/g extract), antioxidant capacity (ABTS, IC50 = 6.33 mg/ml extract), LOX (IC50 = 48.3 mg/ml extract), and AChE (IC50 = 97.46 mg/ml extract), and showed no toxicity at concentration up to 120 μg/ml extract for all the tested cell lines. Finally, chemical characterization by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS) of the optimum TE extract exhibited an important presence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and other phenolic acids as well as quercetin hexoside and rutin, as main metabolites responsible for the observed biological properties. All these results suggested that TE, which represents between 8 and 15% of the total fruit, could become a promising natural by-product with a potential "multitarget" activity against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully Jimena Suárez-Montenegro
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingenieria Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Diego Ballesteros-Vivas
- High Pressure Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Food Chemistry Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rocío Gallego
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Food Chemistry Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Ralte L, Bhardwaj U, Singh YT. Traditionally used edible Solanaceae plants of Mizoram, India have high antioxidant and antimicrobial potential for effective phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07907. [PMID: 34522805 PMCID: PMC8426536 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Solanaceae plants have been used as traditional medicines in Mizoram, India. This warrants the presence of therapeutic compounds and various bioactive phytochemicals in these plants, and characterizing their structures could lead to a possible focus for drug development. Aim of the study Solanaceae plants are incredible sources of proteins and minerals; some even have high medicinal values which has been recognized traditionally. The present study was designed to explore and document the ethnobotany, phytochemical and mineral nutrient composition, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant potential and to identify functional groups from edible species of Solanaceae from Mizoram, India. Materials and methods Field surveys and samples collection was conducted from Aizawl District, Mizoram, India. All the studied samples were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus for the analysis of bioactive compounds. The total phenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging, APX, CAT and SOD activities. The proximate analyses and mineral contents were determined by standard methods. The antibacterial potential was determined using the agar well diffusion method, and the functional groups were analysed using FTIR. All the results were reported as the mean ± standard deviation. The linear regression coefficient (R2) for total flavonoid and phenolic content with antioxidant activity was analysed using Graph Pad Prism Version 5. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The phytochemical screenings showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins in all the samples. The highest total phenolic content was found in Solanum anguivi Lam. (29.51 mg GAE/g), and Capsicum annuum L. contained the highest total flavonoids (35.15 ± 0.03 mg/g). Proteins and carbohydrates contents were found to be the highest in Solanum melongena L. (28.49 mg/g) and Physalis angulata L. (35.64 mg/g) respectively. Elemental analysis showed the presence of Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) in high proportion in all the studied samples. All the plant extracts showed effective antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed multiple functional groups in these plants species which could be used to identify bioactive compounds that can be subsequently utilized as herbal remedies for various ailments. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a considerable amount of nutrients, biologically active and therapeutic compounds are present in the studied samples and these plants could be potential sources for new phyto-pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laldinfeli Ralte
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Usha Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Y Tunginba Singh
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
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Diep TT, Rush EC, Yoo MJY. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.): A Review of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties and Potential Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1804931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Diep
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Elaine C. Rush
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Phenolic and Anthocyanin Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Tamarillo ( Solanum betaceum Cav.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020169. [PMID: 32085645 PMCID: PMC7070485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined phenolics and anthocyanins present in Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo that were cultivated in Whangarei, Northland of New Zealand. Samples were further separated by their tissue types, peel and pulp. Using LC-MS/MS, twelve polyphenols were quantified and six (ellagic acid, rutin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside) were detected for the first time in tamarillo. Mulligan cultivar showed the highest amounts of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and the highest antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds were mostly synthesized from shikimic acid route, and chlorogenic acid dominated the profile regardless of cultivar and tissue types. Anthocyanin profile was dominated by delphinidin-3-rutinoside in pulp. Higher amounts of anthocyanins were detected in this study, which may be explained by favourable growth conditions (high light intensity and low temperature) for anthocyanin biosynthesis in New Zealand. Higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in peels than in pulps were found when assessed by Cupric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu assays, and a positive correlation (r > 0.9, p ≤ 0.01) between the three assays was observed. Current findings endorse that tamarillo has a great bioactive potential to be developed further as a functional ingredient with considerable levels of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity.
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Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum): Chemical composition, biological properties, and product innovation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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