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Wang S, Song J, Lee C, Jiang J, Wang M, Liu D, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Li W, Zhou R, Zheng H, Wei J, Hu Y, Wu T, Tian Z, Chen H. Gender disparities in the mediating role of symptom knowledge level in reducing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) decision delay: Findings from a community-based study in China. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:146. [PMID: 38104084 PMCID: PMC10725594 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementing training programs to educate patients on the prodromal symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may assist patients in accurately recognizing these symptoms, and ultimately decrease their time delay in seeking emergency medical services (EMS). However, the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain, particularly among the Chinese population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted within 22 communities in Beijing, China between 2015 and 2018, with a total of 1099 participants recruited. The study utilized a standardized questionnaire to evaluate the presence of intentional decision delay in turning to EMS under a hypothetical chest pain, the participants' knowledge of ACS prodromal symptoms, and whether they had ever received any training programs aimed at increasing their symptom knowledge. Mediation analysis was performed with regression models and bootstrapping methods, and gender difference was further analyzed through moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS A total of 1099 participants (58.2% female, median [IQR] age 34 [20]) were included in the study. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that training programs were associated with a decrease risk in decision delay, with increased knowledge playing a mediating role (mediation effect/total effect = 36.59%, P < 0.0001). Gender modified this mediation effect, with it being observed only in the male group. Specifically, training programs were not found to significantly decrease decision delay among females (P > 0.05), even though they did improve women's knowledge of ACS prodromal symptoms (β = 0.57, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION The results suggested a relationship between prior training programs and reduced decision delay, with increased knowledge of prodromal symptoms of ACS serving as a mediator. However, the effect was only observed in male participants and not in female participants. This highlights the notion that mere transfer of knowledge regarding ACS prodromal symptoms may not be sufficient to mitigate decision delay in the female population. Further research is needed to corroborate these results and to gain deeper insights into the gender-specific barriers encountered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyou Lee
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jianmin Wei
- Beijing Red Cross Emergency Rescue Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenbiao Tian
- Beijing Red Cross Emergency Rescue Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China
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Tickley I, Van Blydenstein SA, Meel R. Time to thrombolysis and factors contributing to delays in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:53-58. [PMID: 37882136 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i9.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome is a public health burden both worldwide and in South Africa (SA). Guidelines recommend thrombolysis within 1 hour of symptom onset and 30 minutes of hospital arrival for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in order to prevent morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the time between onset of chest pain and thrombolysis in STEMI patients in SA. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the time to thrombolytic therapy, establish the reasons for treatment delays, and calculate the loss of benefit of thrombolysis associated with delays in treatment of patients presenting with STEMI at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Johannesburg, SA. METHOD A prospective observational study of 100 consecutive patients with STEMI was conducted at CHBAH (2021 - 2022). RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age was 55.6 (11.6) years, with a male predominance (78%). Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 51 patients, with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) time to thrombolysis of 360 (258 - 768) minutes; 10 of the patients who received a thrombolytic (19.6%) did so within 30 minutes of arrival at the hospital. The median (IQR) time from symptom onset to calling for help was 60 (30 - 240) minutes, the median time from arrival of help to hospital arrival was 114 (48 - 468) minutes, and the median in-hospital delay to thrombolysis after arrival was 105 (45 - 240) minutes. Numerous reasons that led to delay in treatment were identified, but the most frequent was prehospital delays related to patient factors. Late presentation resulted in 26/49 patients (53.1%) not receiving thrombolytic therapy. Five patients died and 43 suffered from heart failure. Thirty per 1 000 participants could have been saved had they received thrombolytic therapy within 1 hour from the onset of chest pain. CONCLUSION Prehospital and hospital-related factors played a significant role in delays to thrombolysis that led to increased morbidity and mortality of patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tickley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S A Van Blydenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Pulmonology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - R Meel
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Demisse L, Alemayehu B, Addissie A, Azazh A, Gary R. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:444. [PMID: 36241970 PMCID: PMC9563121 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) morbidity and mortality are rising in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. The shift in health-care resources from communicable diseases to chronic conditions has created formidable health-care challenges. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among ACS patients. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to enroll participants admitted to one of 3 emergency units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACS was measured using modified ACS response index questionaries. Results Participant’s (N = 330) mean age was 57.9 ± 14.1, majority male (n = 219, 66.36%). Half of the study participants have inadequate Knowledge (n = 147, 44.6%), unfavorable attitudes (n = 152, 46%), and belief (n = 153, 46.4%) about ACS symptoms even after being diagnosed and treated in the emergency unit. The most frequently recognized ACS symptoms were chest discomfort (n = 274, 83%), fatigue (n = 267, 80.9%) and chest pain (n = 266, 80.6%) while Jaw pain (n = 101, 30%) neck pain (n = 146,44.2%), were less often recognized. Nearly two thirds of the participants (n = 214, 65%) would not prefer to use emergency medical services (EMS) to come to the hospital. Factors associated with adequate knowledge were age < 45 (AOR = 2.16, CI (1.1–4.0) p = 0.014), and female sex (AOR = 2.7, CI (1.5–4.4) p = 0.001) and diabetics (AOR = 1.9, (1.18–3.0) p = 0.008). Meanwhile, lack of formal education (AOR = 6.7, CI (3.1–14) p < 0.001) and unemployment (AOR = 2.0, CI (1.1–3.8) p = 0.021) were associated with unfavorable attitude. In addition, lack of social support (AOR = 1.9, (1.17–3.0) p = 0.009) and unfavorable attitude (AOR = 2.1, CI (1.3–3.4) p = 0.001) were significantly associated with unfavorable belief. Conclusion Despite receiving treatment for ACS in an emergency unit, roughly half of participants did not have adequate knowledge, favorable attitude and belief towards ACS. This elucidates there is significant communication gap between the health care providers and patients. The study findings stipulate there is a need to provide health awareness campaigns using different media outlet with special attention to the uneducated and unemployed groups. Furthermore, most participants were less likely to utilize emergency medical service, which should be further investigated and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem Demisse
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Bekele Alemayehu
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Addissie
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Azazh
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rebecca Gary
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Li S, Gao X, Yang J, Xu H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yin L, Wu C, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li B, Zhang X, Ye Y, Fu R, Dong Q, Sun H, Yan X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Jin C, Li W, Yang Y. Number of standard modifiable risk factors and mortality in patients with first-presentation ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry. BMC Med 2022; 20:217. [PMID: 35790971 PMCID: PMC9258075 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications reported a paradoxical finding that there was an inverse association between the number of standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs; smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the current evidence is only limited to those highly developed countries with advanced medical management systems. METHODS The China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry is a prospective observational study including patients with acute myocardial infarction from three-level hospitals across 31 administrative regions throughout mainland China. A total of 16,228 patients with first-presentation ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) admitted to hospitals from January 2013 to September 2014 were enrolled in the current analysis. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for baseline characteristics, clinical profiles at presentation, and in-hospital treatments were used to assess the association of the number of SMuRFs with all-cause mortality at 30 days after STEMI presentation. RESULTS A total of 1918 (11.8%), 11,503 (70.9%), and 2807 (17.3%) patients had 0, 1-2, and 3-4 SMuRFs at presentation, respectively. Patients with fewer SMuRFs were older and more likely to be females, experienced longer pre-hospital delays, and were less likely to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention and evidence-based medications. Compared with those without any SMuRF, patients with 1-2 SMuRFs and 3-4 SMuRFs were associated with an HR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.87) and 0.63 (0.51-0.77) for all-cause mortality up to 30 days in the unadjusted model (Ptrend < 0.0001). However, after multivariate adjustment, the number of SMuRFs was positively associated with increased mortality risk (HR for 1-2 SMuRFs, 1.15 [0.95-1.39]; HR for 3-4 SMuRFs, 1.31 [1.02-1.68]; Ptrend = 0.03), and the association was only significant among patients admitted to hospitals beyond 12 h from onset (HR for 1-2 SMuRFs, 1.39 [1.03-1.87]; HR for 3-4 SMuRFs, 2.06 [1.41-3.01]) but not their counterparts (Pinteraction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The increased crude mortality risk among patients without SMuRFs is explained by confounding factors related to their poor risk profiles (old age, longer pre-hospital delays, and poor clinical management). After multivariate adjustment, a higher risk-factor burden was associated with poor prognosis among patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Li
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Xiaojin Gao
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingang Yang
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yunqing Ye
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qiuting Dong
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102300, China.
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Shahbazpour J, Abbasi M, Eskandari N, Aghaali M, Norouzadeh R. Study of outcomes of delay in referral of patients with acute myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:95. [PMID: 35573608 PMCID: PMC9093645 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_810_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay in seeking medical help in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) challenges the patients in terms of diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of delay referral (≥12 h) in patients with AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 252 patients with AMI (2017-2019) admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran, was reviewed. Data collection tool was a researcher-made data sheet that included demographic characteristics, times, hospitalization costs, risk factors, history of heart disease, results of paraclinical tests, clinical information at the time of admission, and outcomes of delayed referral. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, Cox regression by STATA, and SPSS (version 25). RESULTS The levels of troponin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the delayed referral group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the cardiac ejection fraction was significantly different in the nondelayed referral (41.56 ± 9.16) and the delayed referral group (38.39 ± 11.01) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of hospital deaths in the groups (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION Delayed referral of patients with AMI is associated with decreased physiological cardiac function, which complicates recovery for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Shahbazpour
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Narges Eskandari
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reza Norouzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Beza L, Leslie SL, Alemayehu B, Gary R. Acute coronary syndrome treatment delay in low to middle-income countries: A systematic review. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 35:100823. [PMID: 34195352 PMCID: PMC8233123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although morbidity and mortality rates are declining for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in most high-income countries, it is rising at an alarming pace for low to middle income countries (LMICs). A major factor that is contributing to the poor clinical outcomes among LMICs is largely due to prehospital treatment delays. This systematic review was conducted to determine the mean length of time from symptom onset to treatment in LMICs and the sociodemographic, clinical and health system characteristics that contribute to treatment delays. We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant literature published in English between January 1990 through May 2020 using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies were included and time to treatment was defined from ACS symptom onset to first medical contact and dichotomized further as less than or >12-hours. The mean time from symptom onset to first medical contact was 12.7 h which ranged from 10-minutes to 96 h. There was consensus among studies that being older, female, illiterate, living in a rural area, and financially limited was associated with longer treatment delays. Lack of a developed emergency transportation system, poor communication and organization between community facilities and interventional facilities were also cited as major contributors for ACS treatment delays. Findings from this systematic review provide future directions to potentially reduce prehospital delays in LMICs and improve ACS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem Beza
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sharon L Leslie
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bekele Alemayehu
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rebecca Gary
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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