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Di Paolo V, Ferrari FM, Veronese D, Poggesi I, Quintieri L. A genetic algorithm-based approach for the prediction of metabolic drug-drug interactions involving CYP2C8 or CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 127:107516. [PMID: 38777239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A genetic algorithm (GA) approach was developed to predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) inhibition or cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) inhibition or induction. Nighty-eight DDIs, obtained from published in vivo studies in healthy volunteers, have been considered using the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios (i.e., ratios of AUC of the drug substrate administered in combination with a DDI perpetrator to AUC of the drug substrate administered alone) to describe the extent of DDI. METHODS The following parameters were estimated in this approach: the contribution ratios (CRCYP2B6 and CRCYP2C8, i.e., the fraction of the dose metabolized via CYP2B6 or CYP2C8, respectively) and the inhibitory or inducing potency of the perpetrator drug (IRCYP2B6, IRCYP2C8 and ICCYP2B6, for inhibition of CYP2B6 and CYP2C8, and induction of CYP2B6, respectively). The workflow consisted of three main phases. First, the initial estimates of the parameters were estimated through GA. Then, the model was validated using an external validation. Finally, the parameter values were refined via a Bayesian orthogonal regression using all data. RESULTS The AUC ratios of 5 substrates, 11 inhibitors and 19 inducers of CYP2B6, and the AUC ratios of 19 substrates and 23 inhibitors of CYP2C8 were successfully predicted by the developed methodology within 50-200% of observed values. CONCLUSIONS The approach proposed in this work may represent a useful tool for evaluating the suitable doses of a CYP2C8 or CYP2B6 substrates co-administered with perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Davide Veronese
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Italo Poggesi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A., Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Asnaashari S, Amjad E, Sokouti B. Synergistic effects of flavonoids and paclitaxel in cancer treatment: a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37743502 PMCID: PMC10518113 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a natural anticancer compound with minimal toxicity, the capacity to stabilize microtubules, and high efficiency that has remained the standard of treatment alongside platinum-based therapy as a remedy for a variety of different malignancies. In contrast, polyphenols such as flavonoids are also efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and have now been shown to possess potent anticancer properties. Therefore, the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and flavonoids against cancer will be of interest. In this review, we use a Boolean query to comprehensively search the well-known Scopus database for literature research taking the advantage of paclitaxel and flavonoids simultaneously while treating various types of cancer. After retrieving and reviewing the intended investigations based on the input keywords, the anticancer mechanisms of flavonoids and paclitaxel and their synergistic effects on different targets raging from cell lines to animal models are discussed in terms of the corresponding involved signaling transduction. Most studies demonstrated that these signaling pathways will induce apoptotic / pro-apoptotic proteins, which in turn may activate several caspases leading to apoptosis. Finally, it can be concluded that the results of this review may be beneficial in serving as a theoretical foundation and reference for future studies of paclitaxel synthesis, anticancer processes, and clinical applications involving different clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Amjad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Jamwal A, Chand J, Dash A, Bhatt S, Dhiman S, Wazir P, Singh B, Goswami A, Nandi U. Glabridin plays dual action to intensify anti-metastatic potential of paclitaxel via impeding CYP2C8 in liver and CYP2J2/EETs in tumor of an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110605. [PMID: 37419298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In spite of unprecedented advances in modern cancer therapy, there is still a dearth of targeted therapy to circumvent triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Paclitaxel is the front-line therapy against TNBC, but the main constraints of its treatment are dose-related adverse effects and emerging chemoresistance. In this context, glabridin (phytoconstituent from Glycyrrhiza glabra) is reported to hit multiple signalling pathways at the in-vitro level, but hardly any information is known at the in-vivo level. We aimed here to elucidate glabridin potential with an underlying mechanism in combination with a low dose of paclitaxel using a highly aggressive mouse mammary carcinoma model. Glabridin potentiated the anti-metastatic efficacy of paclitaxel by substantially curtailing tumor burden and diminishing lung nodule formation. Moreover, glabridin remarkably attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) traits of hostile cancer cells via up-regulating (E-cadherin & occludin) and down-regulating (Vimentin & Zeb1) vital EMT markers. Besides, glabridin amplified apoptotic induction effect of paclitaxel in tumor tissue by declining or elevating pro-apoptotic (Procaspase-9 or Cleaved Caspase-9 & Bax) and reducing anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) markers. Additionally, concomitant treatment of glabridin and paclitaxel predominantly lessened CYP2J2 expression with marked lowering of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET)'s levels in tumor tissue to reinforce the anti-tumor impact. Simultaneous administration of glabridin with paclitaxel notably enhanced plasma exposure and delayed clearance of paclitaxel, which was mainly arbitrated by CYP2C8-mediated slowdown of paclitaxel metabolism in the liver. The fact of intense CYP2C8 inhibitory action of glabridin was also ascertained using human liver microsomes. Concisely, glabridin plays a dual role in boosting anti-metastatic activity by augmenting paclitaxel exposure via CYP2C8 inhibition-mediated delaying paclitaxel metabolism and limiting tumorigenesis via CYP2J2 inhibition-mediated restricting EETs level. Considering the safety, reported protective efficacy, and the current study results of boosted anti-metastatic effects, further investigations are warranted as a promising neoadjuvant therapy for crux paclitaxel chemoresistance and cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiya Jamwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Anshurekha Dash
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Buddh Singh
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Wang Z, Liu A, Liu J, Huang X, Xiao F, Tian M, Ding S, Qin S, Shan Y. Substrates and Loaded Iron Ions Relative Position Influence the Catalytic Characteristics of the Metalloenzymes Angelica archangelica Flavone Synthase I and Camellia sinensis Flavonol Synthase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902672. [PMID: 35754498 PMCID: PMC9213739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are a class of enzymes that catalyze through the metal ions they load. Angelica archangelica flavone synthase I (AnFNS I) and Camellia sinensis flavonol synthase (CaFLS), both of which belong to metalloenzymes, have highly similar structures and metal catalytic cores. However, these two enzymes catalyze the same substrate to produce significantly different products. To identify the cause for the differences in the catalytic characteristics of AnFNS I and CaFLS, their protein models were constructed using homology modeling. Structural alignment and molecular docking was also used to elucidate the molecular basis of the differences observed. To analyze and verify the cause for the differences in the catalytic characteristics of AnFNS I and CaFLS, partial fragments of AnFNS I were used to replace the corresponding fragments on CaFLS, and the catalytic characteristics of the mutants were determined by bioconversion assay in E. coli and in vitro catalytic test. The results suggest that the difference in catalytic characteristics between AnFNS I and CaFLS is caused by the depth of the active pockets and the relative position of the substrate. Mutant 10 which present similar dock result with AnFNS I increased the proportion of diosmetin (a flavone) from 2.54 to 16.68% and decreased the proportion of 4′-O-methyl taxifolin (a flavanol) from 47.28 to 2.88%. It was also indicated that the atoms in the substrate molecule that determine the catalytic outcome may be H-2 and H-3, rather than C-2 and C-3. Moreover, it is speculated that the change in the catalytic characteristics at the changes relative spatial position of H-2/H-3 of hesperetin and the loaded carbonyl iron, caused by charged residues at the entrance of the active pocket, is the key factor for the biosynthesis of flavone from flavanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - An Liu
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyao Xiao
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
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Di Paolo V, Ferrari FM, Poggesi I, Quintieri L. A Quantitative Approach to the Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1345-1352. [PMID: 34720033 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1998453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ohno and Colleagues proposed an approach for predicting drug-drug interactions (DDIs) mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 based on the use of the ratio of the inhibited to non-inhibited area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of substrates to estimate the fraction of the dose metabolized via CYP3A4 (contribution ratio, CR) and the in vivo inhibitory potency of a perpetrator (inhibition ratio, IR). This study evaluated the performance of this approach on DDIs mediated by CYP2C8 inhibitors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Initial estimates of CR and IR of CYP2C8 substrates and inhibitors were calculated for 33 DDI in vivo studies. The approach was externally validated with 17 additional studies. Bayesian orthogonal regression was used to refine the estimates of the parameters. Assessment of prediction success was conducted by plotting observed versus predicted AUC ratios. RESULTS Final estimates of CRs and IRs were obtained for 19 CYP2C8 substrates and 23 inhibitors, respectively. The method demonstrated good predictive capacity, with only two values outside of the prespecified limits. CONCLUSIONS The approach may help to adapt dose regimens for CYP2C8 substrates when given in combination with CYP2C8 inhibitors and to map the potential DDIs of new molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Italo Poggesi
- Department Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen-Cilag S.p.A, Cologno Monzese, Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pharmacology of Diosmin, a Citrus Flavone Glycoside: An Updated Review. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:1-18. [PMID: 34687440 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phytochemicals that are well known for their beneficial pharmacological properties. Diosmin is a flavone glycoside derived from hesperidin, a flavanone abundantly found in citrus fruits. Daflon is an oral phlebotonic flavonoid combination containing diosmin and hesperidin (9:1) that is commonly used for the management of blood vessel disorders. After oral administration, diosmin is converted to diosmetin, which is subsequently absorbed and esterified into glucuronide conjugates that are excreted in the urine. Pharmacological effects of diosmin have been investigated in several in vitro and in vivo studies, and it was found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antifibrotic effects in different disease models. Diosmin also demonstrated multiple desirable properties in several clinical studies. Moreover, toxicological studies showed that diosmin has a favorable safety profile. Accordingly, diosmin is a potential effective and safe treatment for many diseases. However, diosmin exhibits inhibitory effects on different metabolic enzymes. This encourages the investigation of its potential therapeutic effect and safety in different diseases in clinical trials, while taking potential interactions into consideration.
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7
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Wang Z, Huang X, Liu J, Xiao F, Tian M, Ding S, Shan Y. Screening and heterologous expression of flavone synthase and flavonol synthase to catalyze hesperetin to diosmetin. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2161-2183. [PMID: 34514540 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, 44 flavone synthases (FNS) and flavonol synthases (FLS) from different origins were collected. The instability index and conserved domain of the enzymes were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis, the results of which allowed us to screen suitable enzymes for constructing recombinant Escherichia coli. Defective enzymes were selected as controls. RESULTS Native- and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were conducted to isolate the heterologously expressed proteins. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the products. The cellular transformation results showed that recombinant E. coli catalyzed the synthesis of diosmetin from hesperetin, and in vitro catalysis showed that heterologously expressed FNS/FLS played a catalytic role in this reaction. AnFNS (from Angelica archangelica) showed the highest substrate conversion (38.80% for cellular transformation, 12.93% for in vitro catalysis). CONCLUSIONS The catalytic capacity of FNS/FLS from different origins exhibited the expected results, indicating that bioinformatics analysis is useful for screening enzymes. In addition, the catalytic properties of AnFNS and CaFLS (from Camellia sinensis) differed significantly, although these enzymes are structurally similar. Based on this difference, C-2 was predicted as the key site for FNS/FLS catalytic synthesis of diosmetin rather than C-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyao Xiao
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory On Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory On Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Metabolism and pharmacological activities of the natural health-benefiting compound diosmin. Food Funct 2020; 11:8472-8492. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin is a famous natural flavonoid for treating chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
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Chen X, Xu L, Guo S, Wang Z, Jiang L, Wang F, Zhang J, Liu B. Profiling and comparison of the metabolites of diosmetin and diosmin in rat urine, plasma and feces using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:58-71. [PMID: 31177049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin (diosmetin-7-O-rutinoside) and its aglycone diosmetin, natural bioflavonoids distributing in a variety of citrus fruits and Chinese herbal medicines, possessed positive effects against hepatic, renal, lung, gastric, cerebral and cardiac injury. However, the in vivo metabolic profiles of diosmin and diosmetin in urine, plasma and feces still remain ambiguous. In this study, metabolites of diosmin and diosmetin were identified using an UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn strategy coupled with multiple metabolite templates, extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) and diagnostic product ions (DPIs). As a result, 46 diosmetin metabolites and 64 diosmin metabolites were respectively identified in rat biological samples. Methylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, glycosylation, glucuronidation, diglucuronidation and sulfation were common metabolic pathways of diosmetin and diosmin, while demethoxylation, decarbonylation, dihydroxylation and dehydroxylation were particular metabolic pathways of diosmin comparing with that of diosmetin. Diosmetin was not detected in all the biological samples, suggesting that it was quickly transformed into other metabolites in vivo. Diosmin and diosmetin-7-O-glucoside identified in urine and feces as well as their subsequent metabolites accounted for a substantial part of all the diosmin metabolic products. Metabolic profiles of diosmetin and diosmin indicated that they were primarily excreted through the urine route possibly originating from the dominant role of their phase II metabolism in vivo. Our results have provided a better understanding of the similarities and differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of diosmetin and diosmin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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10
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Oak C, Khalifa AO, Isali I, Bhaskaran N, Walker E, Shukla S. Diosmetin suppresses human prostate cancer cell proliferation through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:835-843. [PMID: 29767250 PMCID: PMC6017185 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin, a plant flavonoid, has been shown to exert promising effects on prostate cancer cells as an anti‑proliferative and anticancer agent. In this study, using western blot analysis for protein expression and flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, we determined that the treatment of the LNCaP and PC‑3 prostate cancer cells with diosmetin resulted in a marked decrease in cyclin D1, Cdk2 and Cdk4 expression levels (these proteins remain active in the G0‑G1 phases of the cell cycle). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in c-Myc and Bcl-2 expression, and by an increase in Bax, p27Kip1 and FOXO3a protein expression, which suggests the potential modulatory effects of diosmetin on protein transcription. The treatment of prostate cancer cells with diosmetin set in motion an apoptotic machinery by inhibiting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and increasing cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels. On the whole, the findings of this study provide an in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulatory effects of diosmetin on key molecules that perturb the cell cycle to inhibit cell growth, and suggest that diosmetin may prove to be an effective anticancer agent for use in the treatment of prostate cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Oak
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ahmad O Khalifa
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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11
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Qu W, Liu X. Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of artocarpin and assessment of its drug-drug interaction. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qu
- Guangxi Medical University; Nanning China
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12
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Chen JJ, Zhang JX, Zhang XQ, Qi MJ, Shi MZ, Yang J, Zhang KZ, Guo C, Han YL. Effects of diosmetin on nine cytochrome P450 isoforms, UGTs and three drug transporters in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Shu Y, Liu Z, Zhao S, Song Z, He D, Wang M, Zeng H, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. Integrated and global pseudotargeted metabolomics strategy applied to screening for quality control markers of Citrus TCMs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4849-4865. [PMID: 28691151 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exerts its therapeutic effect in a holistic fashion with the synergistic function of multiple characteristic constituents. The holism philosophy of TCM is coincident with global and systematic theories of metabolomics. The proposed pseudotargeted metabolomics methodologies were employed for the establishment of reliable quality control markers for use in the screening strategy of TCMs. Pseudotargeted metabolomics integrates the advantages of both targeted and untargeted methods. In the present study, targeted metabolomics equipped with the gold standard RRLC-QqQ-MS method was employed for in vivo quantitative plasma pharmacochemistry study of characteristic prototypic constituents. Meanwhile, untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-QE Orbitrap HRMS with better specificity and selectivity was employed for identification of untargeted metabolites in the complex plasma matrix. In all, 32 prototypic metabolites were quantitatively determined, and 66 biotransformed metabolites were convincingly identified after being orally administered with standard extracts of four labeled Citrus TCMs. The global absorption and metabolism process of complex TCMs was depicted in a systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menglei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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14
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Tan S, Dong Z, Zhang J, Efferth T, Fu Y, Hua X. Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping and inhibition and induction studies of pinostrobin in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; 150040 Harbin PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; 150040 Harbin PR China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin PR China
| | - Zhimin Dong
- Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute; Tianjin PR China
- Veteria Veterinary Research Institute; Tianjin PR China
| | - Jiashuo Zhang
- College of Life Science; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Institute of Pharmacy, University of Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; 150040 Harbin PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; 150040 Harbin PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin PR China
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15
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Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:168-241. [PMID: 26721703 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 10-15 years, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 has emerged as an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. CYP2C8 is highly expressed in human liver and is known to metabolize more than 100 drugs. CYP2C8 substrate drugs include amodiaquine, cerivastatin, dasabuvir, enzalutamide, imatinib, loperamide, montelukast, paclitaxel, pioglitazone, repaglinide, and rosiglitazone, and the number is increasing. Similarly, many drugs have been identified as CYP2C8 inhibitors or inducers. In vivo, already a small dose of gemfibrozil, i.e., 10% of its therapeutic dose, is a strong, irreversible inhibitor of CYP2C8. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that the acyl-β-glucuronides of gemfibrozil and clopidogrel cause metabolism-dependent inactivation of CYP2C8, leading to a strong potential for drug interactions. Also several other glucuronide metabolites interact with CYP2C8 as substrates or inhibitors, suggesting that an interplay between CYP2C8 and glucuronides is common. Lack of fully selective and safe probe substrates, inhibitors, and inducers challenges execution and interpretation of drug-drug interaction studies in humans. Apart from drug-drug interactions, some CYP2C8 genetic variants are associated with altered CYP2C8 activity and exhibit significant interethnic frequency differences. Herein, we review the current knowledge on substrates, inhibitors, inducers, and pharmacogenetics of CYP2C8, as well as its role in clinically relevant drug interactions. In addition, implications for selection of CYP2C8 marker and perpetrator drugs to investigate CYP2C8-mediated drug metabolism and interactions in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Pertti J Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
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16
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Strong inhibition of celastrol towards UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A6 and 2B7 indicating potential risk of UGT-based herb-drug interaction. Molecules 2012; 17:6832-9. [PMID: 22669039 PMCID: PMC6268241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., has various biochemical and pharmacological activities, and is now being developed as a promising anti-tumor agent. Inhibitory activity of compounds towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is an important cause of clinical drug-drug interactions and herb-drug interactions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the inhibition of celastrol towards two important UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7. Recombinant UGT isoforms and non-specific substrate 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) were used. The results showed that celastrol strongly inhibited the UGT1A6 and 2B7-mediated 4-MU glucuronidation reaction, with 0.9 ± 0.1% and 1.8 ± 0.2% residual 4-MU glucuronidation activity at 100 μM of celastrol, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition kinetic study (Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot) demonstrated that celastrol noncompetitively inhibited the UGT1A1-mediated 4-MU glucuronidation, and competitively inhibited UGT2B7-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation. The inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 0.49 μM and 0.045 μM for UGT1A6 and UGT2B7, respectively. At the therapeutic concentration of celastrol for anti-tumor utilization, the possibility of celastrol-drug interaction and celastrol-containing herbs-drug interaction were strongly indicated. However, given the complicated nature of herbs, these results should be viewed with more caution.
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