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Wang LL, Li YF, Wu LZ, Yu YS, Panyavong X, Kim JG. Effects of fruit and vegetable waste addition on corn stalk silage quality. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1595-1602. [PMID: 38938040 PMCID: PMC11366521 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the effect of fruit and vegetable waste addition on the quality of corn stalk silage. METHODS Corn stalks were ensiled 20 days after ear harvesting and mixed with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) consisting of apple, orange, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage waste as 3% of fresh matter. Fruit waste consisted of solid residue obtained after juicing, and vegetable waste was collected from farms and cut into small pieces (2 to 3 cm). The materials were stored anaerobically in 20-L silo buckets and opened after 60 days of fermentation. RESULTS There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) levels in FVW derived from all tested raw materials (p<0.05). Corn stalk mixed with orange waste (CSOW) had the highest DM content (28.77%), lowest ADF and NDF content (47.78% and 26.62% of DM, respectively), and highest TDN and RFV content (69.21 and 133, respectively). After 60 days, there were significant differences in all chemical parameters examined (p<0.05). Corn stalk mixed with broccoli waste (CSBW) had the lowest DM loss (2.23%), and the CSOW group had the lowest NDF and ADF content and highest in vitro DM digestibility. CSBW had the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen content, but the highest lactic acid/acetic acid ratio among the treatment groups. CSOW had the highest lactic acid content (2.27% of DM). The microbial contents of each group differed only in lactic acid bacteria counts before and after ensiling, showing a slight increase (p>0.05) and significant decreases in yeast and mold counts (p<0.05) after ensiling. CONCLUSION These findings confirmed that mixing various FVW materials, particularly orange waste, with corn stalks improved the nutritional value of silage. Adding broccoli waste resulted in better fermentation quality than the addition of other FVW materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Wang
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Yan Fen Li
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Li Zhuang Wu
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Young Sang Yu
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Xaysana Panyavong
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Jong Geun Kim
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
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2
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Zhao M, Bao J, Wang Z, Sun P, Liu J, Yan Y, Ge G. Utilisation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and propionic acid to improve silage quality of amaranth before and after wilting: fermentation quality, microbial communities, and their metabolic pathway. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415290. [PMID: 38903783 PMCID: PMC11187283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and propionic acid (PA) on fermentation characteristics and microbial community of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriaus) silage with different moisture contents. Methods Amaranth was harvested at maturity stage and prepared for ensiling. There were two moisture content gradients (80%: AhG, 70%: AhS; fresh material: FM) and three treatments (control: CK, L. plantarum: LP, propionic acid: PA) set up, and silages were opened after 60 d of ensiling. Results The results showed that the addition of L. plantarum and PA increased lactic acid (LA) content and decreased pH of amaranth after fermentation. In particular, the addition of PA significantly increased crude protein content (p < 0.05). LA content was higher in wilted silage than in high-moisture silage, and it was higher with the addition of L. plantarum and PA (p < 0.05). The dominant species of AhGLP, AhSCK, AhSLP and AhSPA were mainly L. plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis. The dominant species in AhGCK include Enterobacter cloacae, and Xanthomonas oryzae was dominated in AhGPA, which affected fermentation quality. L. plantarum and PA acted synergistically after ensiling to accelerate the succession of dominant species from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria, forming a symbiotic microbial network centred on lactic acid bacteria. Both wilting and additive silage preparation methods increased the degree of dominance of global and overview maps and carbohydrate metabolism, and decreased the degree of dominance of amino acid metabolism categories. Conclusion In conclusion, the addition of L. plantarum to silage can effectively improve the fermentation characteristics of amaranth, increase the diversity of bacterial communities, and regulate the microbial community and its functional metabolic pathways to achieve the desired fermentation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqier Zhao
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuting Yan
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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3
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Adnane I, Taoumi H, Elouahabi K, Lahrech K, Oulmekki A. Valorization of crop residues and animal wastes: Anaerobic co-digestion technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26440. [PMID: 38439870 PMCID: PMC10909651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To switch the over-reliance on fossil-based resources, curb environmental quality deterioration, and promote the use of renewable fuels, much attention has recently been directed toward the implementation of sustainable and environmentally benign 'waste-to-energy' technology exploiting a clean, inexhaustible, carbon-neutral, and renewable energy source, namely agricultural biomass. From this perspective, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) technology emerges as a potent and plausible approach to attain sustainable energy development, foster environmental sustainability, and, most importantly, circumvent the key challenges associated with mono-digestion. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of AcoD as a biochemical valorization pathway of crop residues and livestock manure for biogas production. Furthermore, this manuscript aims to assess the different biotic and abiotic parameters affecting co-digestion efficiency and present recent advancements in pretreatment technologies designed to enhance feedstock biodegradability and conversion rate. It can be concluded that the substantial quantities of crop residues and animal waste generated annually from agricultural practices represent valuable bioenergy resources that can contribute to meeting global targets for affordable renewable energy. Nevertheless, extensive and multidisciplinary research is needed to evolve the industrial-scale implementation of AcoD technology of livestock waste and crop residues, particularly when a pretreatment phase is included, and bridge the gap between small-scale studies and real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Adnane
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamza Taoumi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Elouahabi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khadija Lahrech
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), ENSA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Oulmekki
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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4
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Leon-Tinoco A, Guimarães B, Almeida S, Reyes D, Rivera S, Killerby M, Wu C, Perkins B, Knight C, Romero J. Effect of lignosulfonates on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, and microbial counts of high moisture alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Sadhasivam S, Marshi R, Barda O, Zakin V, Britzi M, Gamliel A, Sionov E. Ensiling process and pomegranate peel extract as a natural additive in potential prevention of fungal and mycotoxin contamination in silage. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1557-1565. [PMID: 35936058 PMCID: PMC9347003 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted on six animal feed centers in Israel where fungal and mycotoxin presence was examined in maize and wheat silages. Fumonisin mycotoxins FB1 and FB2 were present in every maize silage sample analyzed. Interestingly, no correlation was found between the occurrence of specific mycotoxins and the presence of the fungal species that might produce them in maize and wheat silages. We further investigated the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on Fusarium infection and fumonisin biosynthesis in laboratory-prepared maize silage. PPE had an inhibitory effect on FB1 and FB2 biosynthesis by Fusarium proliferatum, which resulted in up to 90 % reduction of fumonisin production in silage samples compared to untreated controls. This finding was supported by qRT-PCR analysis, showing downregulation of key genes involved in the fumonisin-biosynthesis pathway under PPE treatment. Our results present promising new options for the use of natural compounds that may help reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination in agricultural foodstuff, and potentially replace traditionally used synthetic chemicals. The mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and B2 were detected in all analyzed maize silage samples. No correlation was found between mycotoxins and their fungal sources in silages. Treatment with PPE demonstrated strong anti-mycotoxigenic activity in silages samples.
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6
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Cheng Q, Chen Y, Bai S, Chen L, You M, Zhang K, Li P, Chen C. Study on the bacterial community structure and fermentation characteristics of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13656. [PMID: 34734664 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the bacterial community of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry prepared with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants in South China. In Experiment 1, the bacterial community, chemical composition, and fermentation products of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that fresh paper mulberry had high crude protein content, buffering capacity value, and amounts of uncultured bacteria. Ensiled paper mulberry showed poor fermentation with high pH value, ammonia-N content, and butyric acid content. In addition, Enterobacter was the dominant genus in silage, followed by Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Water-soluble carbohydrates, ammonia-N, propionic acid, pH, and lactic acid (LA) were the main factors affecting bacterial community of silage. In Experiment 2, the BP17 (Lactobacillus plantarum) from natural fermented paper mulberry silage and two commercial inoculants (Silage-help [SH] and Chikuso-1 [CH]) were used as additives. Compared with other treatments, BP17 inoculant decreased (p < 0.05) pH and ammonia-N content and increased (p < 0.05) LA content of silage. Inoculation of BP17 also increased the dominance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria in silage. These results confirmed that paper mulberry could be ensiled and epiphytic LAB inoculant can improve its fermentation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangyin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Minhong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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7
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He L, Li S, Wang C, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effects of Vanillic Acid on Dynamic Fermentation Parameter, Nitrogen Distribution, Bacterial Community, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Stylo Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690801. [PMID: 34512568 PMCID: PMC8424185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic acid derivative commonly found in plants and foods, with a pleasant creamy odor and pharmacologic activities, which is hypothesized to help improve silage fermentation. The silage profile of stylo silage ensiled with addition of VA was evaluated. The results showed that VA addition resulted in the decrease of pH value (5.22 vs. 4.33), dry matter loss (5.37 vs. 2.51% DM), and ammonia-N proportion (14.57 vs. 1.51% CP) of stylo silage as well as the increase of lactic acid concentration (0.51 vs. 1.17% DM), true protein proportion (51.18 vs. 58.47% CP), and saccharification yield (113.64 vs. 126.40 mg/g DM). Meanwhile, bacterial community of stylo silage was altered, where the relative abundance of Enterobacter, Clostridium, and Kosakonia decreased and that of Commensalibacter and Methylobacterium increased. In conclusion, it is suggested that VA could be used as a novel silage additive to improve silage fermentation and nutrient preservation of stylo silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Shan G, Rosner V, Milimonka A, Buescher W, Lipski A, Maack C, Berchtold W, Wang Y, Grantz DA, Sun Y. A Multi-Sensor Mini-Bioreactor to Preselect Silage Inoculants by Tracking Metabolic Activity in situ During Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673795. [PMID: 34475854 PMCID: PMC8406527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome in silage may vary substantially from the onset to the completion of fermentation. Improved additives and inoculants are being developed to accelerate the ensiling process, to enhance fermentation quality, and to delay spoilage during feed-out. However, current methods for preselecting and characterizing these amendments are time-consuming and costly. Here, we have developed a multi-sensor mini-bioreactor (MSMB) to track microbial fermentation in situ and additionally presented a mathematical model for the optimal assessment among candidate inoculants based on the Bolza equation, a fundamental formula in optimal control theory. Three sensors [pH, CO2, and ethanol (EtOH)] provided data for assessment, with four additional sensors (O2, gas pressure, temperature, and atmospheric pressure) to monitor/control the fermentation environment. This advanced MSMB is demonstrated with an experimental method for evaluating three typical species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB) alone, and LB mixed with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LBLP) or with Enterococcus faecium (LBEF), all cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The fermentation process was monitored in situ over 48 h with these candidate microbial strains using the MSMB. The experimental results combine acidification characteristics with production of CO2 and EtOH, optimal assessment of the microbes, analysis of the metabolic sensitivity to pH, and partitioning of the contribution of each species to fermentation. These new data demonstrate that the MSMB associated with the novel rapid data-processing method may expedite development of microbial amendments for silage additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Shan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Buescher
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - André Lipski
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Maack
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilfried Berchtold
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David A Grantz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Yurui Sun
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Pitiwittayakul N, Bureenok S, Schonewille JT. Selective Thermotolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Effects on Fermentation Quality of Stylo Silages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673946. [PMID: 34381426 PMCID: PMC8350162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented juice of tropical crops such as Napier grass, Ruzi grass, Purple guinea grass, Stylo legume, and Leucaena and their application to improve the quality of tropical crop silage. Fifteen strains of LAB were isolated. The LAB strains were Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria and could be divided into three groups, i.e., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactiplantibacillus (para)plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum according to the biochemical API 50CH test. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the strains isolated in the group L. (para)plantarum were distinguished. Two isolates (N3 and G4) were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Three isolates (St1, St2, and St3) were identified as L. paraplantarum. In addition, the identification of other isolates was confirmed in the group P. pentosaceus (R1, R4, R5, R8, R11, and L1) and the group L. fermentum (N4, G6, G7, and N4). All selected strains were able to grow at 50°C. All LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Four selected LAB strains (St1, St3, N4, and R4) were tested for their capacity to successfully ensile Stylo legume (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT184). Stylo silages treated with LAB were well preserved, the NH3–N and butyric acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content was higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). The acetic acid content was the highest in R4-treated silage among the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of St1-silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the others. The inoculation of thermotolerant LAB selected from fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) was found to be highly instrumental to obtain well-preserved silage from the Stylo legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Pitiwittayakul
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Smerjai Bureenok
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jan Thomas Schonewille
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Jiao T, Lei Z, Wu J, Li F, Casper DP, Wang J, Jiao J. Effect of additives and filling methods on whole plant corn silage quality, fermentation characteristics and in situ digestibility. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1776-1783. [PMID: 33705630 PMCID: PMC8563256 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project aimed to evaluate the effects of both different additives and filling methods on nutritive quality, fermentation profile, and in situ digestibility of whole plant corn silage. METHODS Whole plant corn forage harvested at 26.72% dry matter (DM) was chopped and treated with two filling methods, i) fill silos at one time (F1), ii) fill silos at three times (F3), packing samples into one/three silo capacity at the first day, another one/three capacity at the second day, then one/three at the third day, three replicates. For each replicate, samples were treated with three additives, i) control (CTRL, no additive), ii) Sila-Max (MAX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., Marshall, MN, USA), and iii) Sila-Mix (MIX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., USA). With three replicates of each secondary treatment, there were nine silos, 54 silos in total. Each silo had a packing density of 137.61 kg of DM/m3. All silos were weighed and stored in lab at ambient temperature. RESULTS After 60 d of ensiling, all items showed good silage fermentation under MAX filled one time or three times (p<0.01). Higher silage quality for all additives was obtained at filling one time than that filled three times (p<0.01). The highest DM and lowest DM loss rate (DMLR) occurred to MAX treatment at two filling methods (p<0.01); Digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and curde protein had the same results as silage quality (p<0.01). Yield of digestible DM and digestible NDF also showed higher value under MAX especially for filling one time (p<0.05). CONCLUSION All corn silages showed good fermentation attributes (pH<4.0). The forage filled one time had higher silage quality than that filled three times (p<0.01). MAX with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the lactic acid fermentation, silage quality and nutrient digestibility, and so improved the digestible nutrient yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.,Animal Husbandry, Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - David P Casper
- Casper's Calf Ranch, 4890 West Lily Creek Road, Freeport, IL 61032, USA
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianxin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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11
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Drouin P, Tremblay J, Renaud J, Apper E. Microbiota succession during aerobic stability of maize silage inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM-I-4785. Microbiologyopen 2020; 10:e1153. [PMID: 33369186 PMCID: PMC7885010 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic deterioration of silage following feeding out is responsible for the deterioration of its quality. Inoculation of silage with lactic acid bacteria is one strategy to limit these effects. A trial was performed using whole‐plant corn ensiled in bag silo, and forage was inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (Lactobacillus buchneri) and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM‐I‐4785 (Lactobacillus hilgardii) or not (Control silage). After 159 days of fermentation, the silos were opened and the silage was sampled at 24‐h intervals during a 10‐day aerobic stability assay to measure pH, the fermentation profile, mycotoxins, and microbial and fungal populations. In inoculated silage, lactic acid concentrations and pH remained stable during the aerobic phase and higher microorganism alpha‐diversity was observed. Treated silage was characterized by a high abundance of Saccharomycetes and maintenance of Lactobacillus throughout the aerobic stability assay. The high aerobic stability of the inoculated silage contrasted with the decrease in lactic acid contents and the increase in pH observed in the Control silage, concomitantly with an increase in lactate‐assimilating yeast (Pichia and Issatchenkia), and in Acetobacter and Paenibacillus OTUs. Remarkably, Penicillium and roquefortine C were detected in this silage by day 8 following exposure to air. Our study highlighted the fact that the use of L. buchneri with L. hilgardii modified the consequences of exposure to air by maintaining higher microbial diversity, avoiding the dominance of a few bacteria, and preventing fungi from having a detrimental effect on silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Tremblay
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy, Mining, and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of silages produced from different sweet sorghum plant components with or without microbial inoculation. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2020-02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang S, Li J, Dong Z, Chen L, Shao T. Effect of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of various forages. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:178-188. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Ensiling characteristics of distillers wet grains with corn stalks and determination of the feeding potential for dairy heifers1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2015-01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Queiroz O, Kim S, Adesogan A. Effect of treatment with a mixture of bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes on the quality and safety of corn silage infested with different levels of rust. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5285-5291. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ramirez-Ramirez HA, Geis AR, Heine CS, Clark KJ, Gehman AM, Kononoff PJ. Storage conditions of wet corn distillers' grains with solubles in combination with other feeds and understanding the effects on performance of lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ramirez-Ramirez, H. A., Geis, A. R., Heine, C. S., Clark, K. J., Gehman, A. M. and Kononoff, P. J. 2011. Storage conditions of wet corn distillers’ grains with solubles in combination with other feeds and understanding the effects on performance of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 331–339. Wet distillers’ grains are commonly stored in polyethylene silo bags until needed for feeding. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the nature of ensiling wet distillers’ grains with soluble (WDGS) alone or in combination with other feeds. A 3×4×3 factorial experiment was conducted in which 36 mixtures were made using three loads of distillers’ grains stored at varying levels with three feeds (corn silage, ground corn, and brome hay). In all mixtures, the addition of feeds to WDGS increased the pH of stored material. The objective of the second experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding WDGS on milk production. Twenty Holstein cows were used in a 4×5 Youden square. Prior to initiation of the study, WDGS were stored alone (WDGS) or mixed with either 12% ground corn (DM basis) (WDGS+C), 15% brome hay (DM basis) (WDGS+H) or 15% corn silage (DM basis) (WDGS+CS) in polyethylene silo bags. Animals were assigned to one of five treatments during each 21-d period. A diet not containing WDGS was formulated (Control), along with one containing 30% WDGS (DM basis) (WDGS). Three additional diets, similar to the WDGS treatment, were formulated to include one of the three blends of WDGS with corn (WDGS+C), brome hay (WDGS+H) or corn silage (WDGS+CS). Dry matter intake (DMI) was affected by diet and, compared with Control (21.9 kg d−1±0.70 kg d−1), was greater for WDGS (23.8±0.70 kg d−1) and WDGS+C (23.7±0.70 kg d−1). Milk yield, 3.5% FCM, and fat yield were not affected by treatment. These results suggest that dairy rations can be formulated to include stored WDGS at 30% DM without negative effects on milk production and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Ramirez-Ramirez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - A. R. Geis
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - C. S. Heine
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - K. J. Clark
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - A. M. Gehman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - P. J. Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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Contreras-Govea F, Muck R, Armstrong K, Albrecht K. Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with climbing beans. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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