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Attia YA, Bovera F, Hassan RA, Hassan EA, Attia KM, Assar MH, Tawfeek F. Reducing ammonia emission by aluminum sulfate addition in litter and its influence on productive, reproductive, and physiological parameters of dual-purpose breeding hens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25093-25110. [PMID: 34837619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the impact of aluminum sulfate (AS) as amendment to different types of litter (new, reused, and mixed litters) for reducing ammonia emission and improving productive performance of local dual-purpose breeding hens. A total of 450 hens and 60 cocks from the Inshas strain were randomly assigned to six groups (five replicates each of 15 hens + 2 cocks) raised in pen floor furnished with a wheat straw litter. The groups included: (1) new, (2) reused, (3) mixed (50% new + 50% reused) litter; the other groups (4, 5 and 6) were respectively housed on the same litter as groups 1, 2 and 3 but with the addition of 495 g of AS/m2 litter. The feed conversion ratio was better for layers raised on new litter with or without AS than other groups. Different kinds of litter had different moisture (p < 0.05) and pH (p < 0.05) values. Birds raised on litter types treated with AS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased intestinal pH and decreased total bacterial count compared to the same litter types without AS at the end of the experiment. Birds raised on new litter supplemented with AS had the highest plasma T3, total protein, globulin, Hgb, and PCV% and the lowest levels of uric acid and cholesterol at the end of the experimental period. Therefore, litter amendment with AS, also the mixed or reused one, could be recommended to reduce ammonia and, in turn, increasing plasma T3 and decreasing total bacterial count, leading to increasing bird's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via F. Delpino,1, 80137, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Reda A Hassan
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal A Hassan
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalil M Attia
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Assar
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fouad Tawfeek
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Eid YZ, Amber KA, Hassan MS, Hassan RA, Abo-ouf AM. Efficacy of Aluminum Sulfate Addition to Poultry Litter on Productive Performance of Laying Hens, Ammonia Emissions, and Litter Quality. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YZ Eid
- Kafer Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - KA Amber
- Kafer Elsheikh University, Egypt
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Johnson J, Zwirzitz B, Oladeinde A, Milfort M, Looft T, Chai L, Zock G, Sommers M, Tunim S, Aggrey SE. Succession patterns of the bacterial community in poultry litter after bird removal and sodium bisulfate application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:923-933. [PMID: 34000068 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-based acid amendments are used for treating litter between broiler chicken flocks and during grow-out for in-house ammonia abatement. These amendments reduce litter pH and inhibit ammonia volatilization by converting ammonia to nonvolatile ammonium. Research on the effects of acid amendments on litter microbiota is limited and usually done in microcosms, which do not replicate natural environments. In this study, we determined the changes in bacterial populations present in litter during downtime (the period after a flock was removed and before new broiler chicks were placed) and 24 h before and after the application of a sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4 )-based amendment. We used DNA sequencing technologies to characterize the litter microbiota, elucidating microbial shifts in litter samples with respect to downtime, litter depth, and NaHSO4 application. During downtime (∼18 d), the litter microbiota was dominated by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Sodium bisulfate affected the microbiota in the top layer (3 cm) of reused litter topdressed with fresh pine shavings and resulted in an increase in Escherichia spp. and Faecalibacterium spp. and a decrease in members of the phylum Acidobacteria. Furthermore, culturable Escherichia coli decreased by 1.5 log units during downtime, but an increase was observed for topdressed litter after NaHSO4 was applied. Although the effect of acidifiers on ammonia reduction, bird performance, and litter performance are well documented, their effect on litter bacteria is not well understood. Our results suggest that acidifiers may perturb litter bacteria when topdressed with fresh pine shavings and that further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Johnson
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Univ. of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety, and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Marie Milfort
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Lilong Chai
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gregory Zock
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marlo Sommers
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Supanon Tunim
- Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen Univ., Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Dep. of Poultry Science, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Li Y, Tewolde H, Miles D, Munyon J, Brooks JP, Feng G, Zhang F, Yang M. Decomposition of poultry litter organic matter co-applied with industrial and agricultural products/by-products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:364-374. [PMID: 33368306 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) is one purpose of applying manures to soils, but soil-applied manures decompose and disappear in a short time, leaving very little trace as SOM. The objective of this study was to test and identify agricultural and industrial products and by-products (PBPs) that reduce the speed of manure decomposition and, potentially, increase SOM. Raw poultry litter (PL) was amended with selected PBPs (15% fresh weight) and incubated for 1-3 mo. Unamended PL lost an average of 19% of its dry weight after 1 mo incubation and 24% of its dry weight after 3 mo. Monitoring the CO2 release during a 1-mo incubation revealed that decomposition and weight loss of unamended PL is greatest in the first 2 d. Amending PL with Al2 (SO4 )3 · 18H2 O and CaO reduced cumulative CO2 release and final dry biomass loss during the incubation period of 1-3 mo. Amending PL with Al2 (SO4 )3 · 18H2 O reduced PL temperature by up to 14 °C and pH by ∼4.0, whereas CaO elevated its temperature by up to 24 °C and pH by ∼4.0. Both products suppressed total culturable bacteria and reduced dehydrogenase activity soon after mixing. Amending PL with flue gas desulfurization gypsum, CaCO3 , cement kiln dust, or biochar either enhanced or had no effect on suppressing litter decomposition. Our results overall show that the decomposition of PL and possibly other manures may be slowed and that the soil-residence life of manure C may be increased using PBPs that raise or lower manure pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Lab. of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haile Tewolde
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Dana Miles
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jay Munyon
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, 97331
| | - John P Brooks
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Gary Feng
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- State Key Lab. of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- State Key Lab. of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Joerger RD, Ganguly A, de Los Santos M, Li H. Effect of sodium bisulfate amendments on bacterial populations in broiler litter. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5560-5571. [PMID: 33142473 PMCID: PMC7647852 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of ammonia in poultry houses is of concern to bird and human health. Acidification of the litter by application of acidifying amendments such as sodium bisulfate (SBS) retains ammonia generated by microbial degradation of uric acid as harmless ammonium in the litter. Although some studies on the effects of litter amendments on specific bacteria and groups of bacteria have been carried out previously, wide gaps in knowledge remain. In the present study, 2 types of samples were prepared and either left unamended or amended with 2.5 or 10% SBS. One set of samples consisted of a 1:1 mixture of built-up litter and fresh poultry manure (L/M); the other of fresh wood shavings and fresh poultry manure (S/M). The samples were kept in the laboratory at room temperature for 35 d. The pH of unamended mixtures increased to 7.3 and 6.9 for L/M and S/M, respectively. A pH of 6.7 and 3.9 on day 35 was observed for L/M and SM with 2.5% SBS, respectively. The corresponding values for LM and SM amended with 10% SBS were 3.5 and 2.5, respectively. Plating data indicated that coliforms became less numerous in the unamended samples than the SBS-amended samples. This difference was also seen in data obtained by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. The sequencing data also indicated that sequences from the genus Oceanisphaera accounted for as much as 80% of the sequences from L/M and about 40% of those from S/M samples early on. Sequences from members of the order Clostridiales were enriched in L/M and S/M amended with 10% SBS as were sequences from the genus Turicibacter. Weisella species sequences were more prevalent in SBS-amended samples than in unamended ones. Sequences from the genus Corynebacterium, Brachybacterium, and Arthrobacter were more common in L/M samples than in S/M samples regardless of the SBS content. The data indicate that litter amendments affect some bacteria populations and not others. Further studies are required to determine if the observed population changes such as increased survival of coliforms warrant actions to improve the microbial quality of litter to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf D Joerger
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Arpeeta Ganguly
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Hong Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Netthisinghe AMP, Cook KL, Gilfillen RA, Woosley PB, Kingery T, Sistani KR. Managing Beef Backgrounding Residual Soil Contaminants by Alum and Biochar Amendments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:1275-1283. [PMID: 30272780 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.02.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy manure-derived contamination of soils can make animal congregating areas nonpoint sources for environmental pollution. In situ soil stabilization is a cost-effective management strategy with a focus on lowering contaminant availability and limiting release to the environment. Soil stabilizing amendments can help mitigate the negative environmental impacts of contaminated soils. In this 2-yr study, we examined the effects of adding no amendment (control) or treating with alum [Al (SO)⋅18HO] or biochar as soil amendments on Mehlich-3 extractable soil P, Cu, and Zn contents, antimicrobial monensin concentrations, total bacteria (16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA] gene), antibiotic resistance genes (1 and B), and Class 1 integrons (1) in an abandoned beef backgrounding setting. The alum reduced soil P (1374 to 1060 mg kg), Cu (7.7 to 3.2 mg kg), and Zn (52.4 to 19.6 mg kg) contents. Both alum and biochar reduced monesin concentrations (1.8 to 0.7 and 2.1 to 1.1 ng g, respectively). All the treatments harbored consistent 16 rRNA concentrations (10 copies g) throughout. The B gene concentration (10 copies g) was lower than either the 1 or the 1 genes (10 copies g), regardless of treatments. However, concentrations of all genes in the soils of animal congregation areas were higher than those in background soils with the least animal impact. In contrast with the effect on other contaminants, the effect of soil amendments on bacteria with antibiotic resistance genes was not biologically significant. Future research should be directed toward evaluating effective alternative methods to mitigate these bacterial populations.
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Naseem S, King AJ. Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment-techniques for its reduction during poultry production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15269-15293. [PMID: 29705898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to greater consumption of poultry products and an increase in exports, more poultry houses will be needed. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways that poultry facilities can coexist in close proximity to residential areas without odors and environmental challenges. Ammonia (NH3) is the greatest concern for environmental pollution from poultry production. When birds consume protein, they produce uric acid, ultimately converted to NH3 under favorable conditions. Factors that increase production include pH, temperature, moisture content, litter type, bird age, manure age, relative humidity, and ventilation rate (VR). NH3 concentration and emissions in poultry houses depend on VR; seasons also have effects on NH3 production. Modern ventilation systems can minimize NH3 in enclosed production spaces quickly but increase its emissions to the environment. NH3 adversely affects the ecosystem, environment, and health of birds and people. Less than 10 ppm is the ideal limit for exposure, but up to 25 ppm is also not harmful. NH3 can be minimized by housing type, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, manure handling practices, litter amendment, and diet manipulation without affecting performance and production. Antibiotics can minimize NH3, but consumers have concerns about health effects. Administration of probiotics seems to be a useful replacement for antibiotics. More studies have been conducted on broilers, necessitating the need to evaluate the effect of probiotics on NH3 production in conjunction with laying hen performance and egg quality. This comprehensive review focuses on research from 1950 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naseem
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Annie J King
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Figueroa A, Hauck R, Saldias-Rodriguez J, Gallardo R. Combination of quaternary ammonia and glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Moore PA. Development of a New Manure Amendment for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphorus Runoff from Poultry Litter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1421-1429. [PMID: 27380093 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.09.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Treating poultry litter with alum is a best management practice that reduces phosphorus (P) runoff and ammonia (NH) emissions. However, alum prices have increased substantially during the past decade. The goal of this research was to develop inexpensive manure amendments that are as effective as alum in reducing NH volatilization and P runoff. Sixteen amendments were developed using mixtures of alum mud, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, liquid alum, and water. Alum mud is the residual left over from alum manufacture when produced by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid. A laboratory NH volatilization study was conducted using 11 treatments: untreated poultry litter, poultry litter treated with liquid or dry alum, or eight new mixtures. All of the litter amendments tested resulted in significantly lower NH volatilization than untreated litter. Dry and liquid alum reduced NH losses by 86 and 75%, respectively. The eight new litter amendments reduced NH losses from 62 to 73% compared with untreated litter, which was not significantly different from liquid alum; the three most effective mixtures were not significantly different from dry alum. Water-extractable P (WEP) was significantly reduced by all of the amendments, three of which resulted in significantly lower WEP than dry alum. The most promising new amendments were mixtures of alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid. The potential impact of these amendments could be enormous because they could be produced for less than half the price of alum while being as effective in reducing NH emissions and P runoff.
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Doydora SA, Sun P, Cabrera M, Thompson A, Love-Myers K, Rema J, Calvert V, Pavlostathis SG, Huang CH. Stacking Time and Aluminum Sulfate Effects on Polyether Ionophores in Broiler Litter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1923-1929. [PMID: 26641344 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.03.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionophores as antiparasitic drugs plays an important role in US poultry production, especially in the broiler () industry. However, administered ionophores can pass through the bird's digestive system and appear in broiler litter, which, when applied to agricultural fields, can present an environmental hazard. Stacking (storing or stockpiling) broiler litter for some time might decrease the litter ionophore concentrations before land application. Because ionophores undergo abiotic hydrolysis at low pH, decreasing litter pH with acidic aluminum sulfate (alum) might also decrease ionophore concentrations. We assessed the change in ionophore concentrations in broiler litter in response to the length of time broiler litter was stored (stacking time) and alum addition. We spiked broiler litter with monensin and salinomycin, placed alum-amended litter (∼pH 4-5) and unamended litter (∼pH 8-9) into 1.8-m bins, and repeatedly sampled each bin for 112 d. Our findings showed that stacking broiler litter alone did not have an impact on monensin concentration, but it did slowly reduce salinomycin concentration by 55%. Adding alum to broiler litter reduced monensin concentration by approximately 20% relative to unamended litter, but it did not change salinomycin concentration. These results call for continued search for alternative strategies that could potentially reduce the concentration of ionophores in broiler litter before their application to agricultural soils.
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Doydora SA, Franklin D, Sun P, Cabrera M, Thompson A, Love-Myers K, Rema J, Calvert V, Pavlostathis SG, Huang CH. Alum and Rainfall Effects on Ionophores in Runoff from Surface-Applied Broiler Litter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1657-1666. [PMID: 26436282 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.02.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyether ionophores, monensin, and salinomycin are commonly used as antiparasitic drugs in broiler production and may be present in broiler litter (bird excreta plus bedding material). Long-term application of broiler litter to pastures may lead to ionophore contamination of surface waters. Because polyether ionophores break down at low pH, we hypothesized that decreasing litter pH with an acidic material such as aluminum sulfate (alum) would reduce ionophore losses to runoff (i.e., monensin and salinomycin concentrations, loads, or amounts lost). We quantified ionophore loss to runoff in response to (i) addition of alum to broiler litter and (ii) length of time between litter application and the first simulated rainfall event. The factorial experiment consisted of unamended (∼pH 9) vs. alum-amended litters (∼pH 6), each combined with simulated rainfall at 0, 2, or 4 wk after litter application. Runoff from alum-amended broiler litter had 33% lower monensin concentration ( < 0.01), 57% lower monensin load ( < 0.01), 48% lower salinomycin concentration ( < 0.01), and 66% lower salinomycin load ( < 0.01) than runoff from unamended broiler litter when averaged across all events of rainfall. Ionophore losses to runoff were also less when rainfall was delayed for 2 or 4 wk after litter application relative to applying rainfall immediately after litter application. While the weather is difficult to predict, our data suggest that ionophore losses in runoff can be reduced if broiler litter applications are made to maximize dry time after application.
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Fangueiro D, Hjorth M, Gioelli F. Acidification of animal slurry--a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 149:46-56. [PMID: 25463570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia emissions are a major problem associated with animal slurry management, and solutions to overcome this problem are required worldwide by farmers and stakeholders. An obvious way to minimize ammonia emissions from slurry is to decrease slurry pH by addition of acids or other substances. This solution has been used commonly since 2010 in countries such as Denmark, and its efficiency with regard to the minimization of NH3 emissions has been documented in many studies. Nevertheless, the impact of such treatment on other gaseous emissions during storage is not clear, since the studies performed so far have provided different scenarios. Similarly, the impact of the soil application of acidified slurry on plant production and diffuse pollution has been considered in several studies. Also, the impact of acidification upon combination with other slurry treatment technologies (e.g. mechanical separation, anaerobic digestion …) is important to consider. Here, a compilation and critical review of all these studies has been performed in order to fully understand the global impact of slurry acidification and assess the applicability of this treatment for slurry management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fangueiro
- UIQA/LEAF-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Ulisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maibritt Hjorth
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200 Århus N, Denmark
| | - Fabrizio Gioelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy
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Rothrock MJ, Hiett KL, Gamble J, Caudill AC, Cicconi-Hogan KM, Caporaso JG. A hybrid DNA extraction method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of bacterial communities from poultry production samples. J Vis Exp 2014:52161. [PMID: 25548939 PMCID: PMC4396950 DOI: 10.3791/52161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of DNA extraction protocols can be highly dependent upon both the type of sample being investigated and the types of downstream analyses performed. Considering that the use of new bacterial community analysis techniques (e.g., microbiomics, metagenomics) is becoming more prevalent in the agricultural and environmental sciences and many environmental samples within these disciplines can be physiochemically and microbiologically unique (e.g., fecal and litter/bedding samples from the poultry production spectrum), appropriate and effective DNA extraction methods need to be carefully chosen. Therefore, a novel semi-automated hybrid DNA extraction method was developed specifically for use with environmental poultry production samples. This method is a combination of the two major types of DNA extraction: mechanical and enzymatic. A two-step intense mechanical homogenization step (using bead-beating specifically formulated for environmental samples) was added to the beginning of the "gold standard" enzymatic DNA extraction method for fecal samples to enhance the removal of bacteria and DNA from the sample matrix and improve the recovery of Gram-positive bacterial community members. Once the enzymatic extraction portion of the hybrid method was initiated, the remaining purification process was automated using a robotic workstation to increase sample throughput and decrease sample processing error. In comparison to the strict mechanical and enzymatic DNA extraction methods, this novel hybrid method provided the best overall combined performance when considering quantitative (using 16S rRNA qPCR) and qualitative (using microbiomics) estimates of the total bacterial communities when processing poultry feces and litter samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service;
| | - Kelli L Hiett
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service
| | - John Gamble
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - J Gregory Caporaso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University
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Khosravinia H, Azarfar A, Sokhtehzary A. Effects of substituting fish meal with poultry by-product meal in broiler diets on blood urea and uric acid concentrations and nitrogen content of litter. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.963085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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AUNG W, WATANABE Y, HASHINAGA F. Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Thermotolerant, Fermentative Yeast Strains from Liquid Tapé Ketan (Indonesian Rice Wine). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cook KL, Rothrock MJ, Eiteman MA, Lovanh N, Sistani K. Evaluation of nitrogen retention and microbial populations in poultry litter treated with chemical, biological or adsorbent amendments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:1760-1766. [PMID: 21371808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Poultry litter is a valuable nutrient source for crop production. Successful management to reduce ammonia and its harmful side-effects on poultry and the environment can be aided by the use of litter amendments. In this study, three acidifiers, two biological treatments, one chemical urease inhibitor and two adsorber amendments were added to poultry litter. Chemical, physical and microbiological properties of the litters were assessed at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Application of litter amendments consistently reduced organic N loss (0-15%) as compared to unamended litter (20%). Acidifiers reduced nitrogen loss through both chemical and microbiological processes. Adsorbent amendments (water treatment residuals and chitosan) reduced nitrogen loss and concentrations of ammonia-producing bacteria and fungi. The use of efficient, cost-effective litter amendments to maximum agronomic, environmental and financial benefits is essential for the future of sustainable poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Cook
- USDA-ARS, Animal Waste Management Research Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USA.
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ZHANG HF, JIAO HC, SONG ZG, LIN H. Effect of Alum-Amended Litter and Stocking Density on Ammonia Release and Footpad and Hock Dermatitis of Broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Penn CJ, Vitale J, Fine S, Payne J, Warren JG, Zhang H, Eastman M, Herron SL. Alternative poultry litter storage for improved transportation and use as a soil amendment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:233-241. [PMID: 21488512 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transportation of poultry litter out of nutrient limited watersheds such as the Illinois River basin (eastern Oklahoma) is a logical solution for minimizing phosphorus (P) losses from soils to surface waters. Transportation costs are basedon mass of load and distance transported. This study investigated an alternative litter storage technique designed to promote carbon (C) degradation, thereby concentrating nutrients for the purpose of decreasing transportation costs through decreased mass. Poultry litter was stored in 0.90-Mg conical piles under semipermeable tarps and adjusted to 40% moisture content, tested with and without addition of alum (aluminum sulfate). additional study was conducted using 3.6-Mg piles under the same conditions, except tested with and without use of aeration pipes. Samples were analyzed before and after (8 wk) storage. Litter mass degradation (i.e., loss in mass due to organic matter decomposition) was estimated on the basis of changes in litter total P contents. Additional characterization included pH, total nutrients, moisture content, total C, and degree of humification. Litter storage significantly decreased litter mass (16 to 27%), concentrated nutrients such as P and potassium (K) and increased proportion of fulvic and humic acids. The addition of aeration pipes increased mass degradationrelative to piles without aeration pipes. Nitrogen volatilization losses were minimized with alum additions. Increases in P and K concentrations resulted in greater monetary value per unit mass compared with fresh litter. Such increases translate to increased litter shipping distance and cost savings of $17.2 million over 25 yr for litter movement out of eastern Oklahoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Penn
- Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Rothrock MJ, Cook KL, Warren JG, Eiteman MA, Sistani K. Microbial mineralization of organic nitrogen forms in poultry litters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:1848-1857. [PMID: 21043291 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia volatilization from the mineralization of uric acid and urea has a major impact on the poultry industry and the environment. Dry acids are commonly used to reduce ammonia emissions from poultry houses; however, little is known about how acidification affects the litter biologically. The goal of this laboratory incubation was to compare the microbiological and physiochemical effects of dry acid amendments (Al+Clear, Poultry Litter Treatment, Poultry Guard) on poultry litter to an untreated control litter and to specifically correlate uric acid and urea contents of these litters to the microbes responsible for their mineralization. Although all three acidifiers eventually produced similar effects within the litter, there was at least a 2-wk delay in the microbiological responses using Poultry Litter Treatment. Acidification of the poultry litter resulted in >3 log increases in total fungal concentrations, with both uricolytic (uric acid degrading) and ureolytic (urea degrading) fungi increasing by >2 logs within the first 2 to 4 wk of the incubation. Conversely, total, uricolytic, and ureolytic bacterial populations all significantly declined during this same time period. While uric acid and urea mineralization occurred within the first 2 wk in the untreated control litter, acidification resulted in delayed mineralization events for both uric acid and urea (2 and 4 wk delay, respectively) once fungal cell concentrations exceeded a threshold level. Therefore, fungi, and especially uricolytic fungi, appear to have a vital role in the mineralization of organic N in low-pH, high-N environments, and the activity of these fungi should be considered in best management practices to reduce ammonia volatilization from acidified poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rothrock
- USDA-ARS, Animal Waste Management Research Unit, 230 Bennett Ln., Bowling Green, KY 42104, USA.
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Entry JA, Sojka RE, Hicks BJ. Matrix-based fertilizers reduce nutrient and bacterial leaching after manure application in a greenhouse column study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:384-392. [PMID: 20048326 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) to reduce Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., NH(4), NO(3), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in leachate and soil after dairy manure application in greenhouse column studies. The MBFs are composed of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF8) to more tightly bound (MBF9) mixtures using combinations of starch, cellulose, lignin, Al(2)(SO(4))(3)18H(2)O, and/or Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)3H(2)O to create a matrix that slowly releases the nutrients. One day after the first dairy manure application, E. coli numbers were greater in leachate from control columns than in leachate from columns receiving MBFs. After three dairy manure applications, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. numbers in leachates were not consistently different between controls and columns receiving MBFs. When MBF8 was applied to the soil, the total amount of DRP, TP, NH(4), and NO(3) in leachate was lower than in the control columns. Bermudagrass receiving MBFs had greater shoot, root, and total biomass than grass growing in the control columns. Grass shoot, root, and total biomass did not differ among columns receiving MBFs. Nitrogen and phosphorus bound to the Al(2)(SO(4))(3)18H(2)O or Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)3H(2)O-lignin-cellulose matrix become gradually available to plants over the growing season. The MBF8 and MBF9 formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and have the potential with further testing and development to provide an effective method to reduce N and P leaching from soils treated with animal waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Entry
- USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443, USA.
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Choi I, Moore P. Effect of Various Litter Amendments on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Content of Poultry Litter. J APPL POULTRY RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rothrock MJ, Cook KL, Warren JG, Sistani K. The effect of alum addition on microbial communities in poultry litter. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1493-503. [PMID: 18648040 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O] is a common poultry litter amendment used to decrease water-soluble phosphorus or reduce ammonia volatilization, or both. Although the physiochemical effects of alum addition have been well researched, little attention has been given to the poultry litter microbial communities. The goal of this study was to use molecular biological methods [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), community cloning, and quantitative real-time PCR] to characterize general, group-specific and pathogenic microbial communities in alum (10% wt/wt) and non-alum-treated litter. According to quantitative real-time PCR analyses, alum addition to the poultry litter resulted in significant reductions in both Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli concentrations by the end of the first month of the experiment (3 log and 2 log, respectively). The concentrations of Salmonella spp. were below detection (<5 x 10(3) cell.g(-1) of litter) for the entire experiment. The DGGE analyses revealed significant reductions in the Clostridium/Eubacterium and low %GC gram-positive groups in the alum-treated litters by the end of the first month, with no bands detectable for either group after 8 wk of incubation. Conversely, minimal effects of alum addition were observed in the Actinomycetes community. The most significant shift in the microbial community (based on DGGE analyses) occurred in the fungal population, with a large increase in diversity and abundance within 1 mo of alum addition (1 dominant band on d 0 to 9 dominant bands at 4 wk). Specifically, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. increased from 0 to 50% of the sequences in fungal clone libraries (n = 80) over the course of the experiment. This suggests that the addition of alum to poultry litter potentially shifts the microbial populations from bacterially dominated to dominated by fungi. The ramifications of this shift in dominance are still unknown, and future work will be aimed at characterizing these fungi and elucidating their role in the acidified litter environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rothrock
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Waste Management Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USA.
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