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Condensed and Hydrolyzable Tannins for Reducing Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Dairy Manure-A Laboratory Incubation Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202876. [PMID: 36290258 PMCID: PMC9598578 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of plant condensed (CT) and hydrolyzable tannin (HT) extracts on CH4 and N2O emissions; (2) identify the reactions responsible for manure-derived GHG emissions, and (3) examine accompanying microbial community changes in fresh dairy manure. Five treatments were applied in triplicate to the freshly collected dairy manure, including 4% CT, 8% CT, 4% HT, 8% HT (V/V), and control (no tannin addition). Fresh dairy manure was placed into 710 mL glass incubation chambers. In vitro composted dairy manure samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 336 h after the start of incubation. Fluxes of N2O and CH4 were measured for 5-min/h for 14 d at a constant ambient incubation temperature of 39 °C. The addition of quebracho CT significantly decreased the CH4 flux rates compared to the tannin-free controls (215.9 mg/m2/h), with peaks of 75.6 and 89.6 mg/m2/h for 4 and 8% CT inclusion rates, respectively. Furthermore, CT significantly reduced cumulative CH4 emission by 68.2 and 57.3% at 4 and 8% CT addition, respectively. The HT treatments failed to affect CH4 reduction. However, both CT and HT reduced (p < 0.001) cumulative and flux rates of N2O emissions. The decrease in CH4 flux with CT was associated with a reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
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Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9166. [PMID: 35655074 PMCID: PMC9163071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sources of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in diets on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle were evaluated. We hypothesized that the use of different RUP sources in diets would reduce N loss via urine and contribute to reduced N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions to the environment. Nellore cattle received different diets (18 animals/treatment), including soybean meal (SM, RDP source), by-pass soybean meal (BSM, RUP source) and corn gluten meal (CGM, RUP source). The protein source did not affect the N and C concentration in urine, C concentration in feces, and N balance (P > 0.05). The RUP sources resulted in a higher N2O emission than the RDP source (P = 0.030), while BSM resulted in a higher N2O emission than CGM (P = 0.038) (SM = 633, BSM = 2521, and CGM = 1153 g ha−2 N–N2O); however, there were no differences in CH4 and NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of RUP in diets did not affect N excretion of beef cattle or CH4 and NH3 emission from manure, but increased N2O emission from the manure.
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Leitner S, Ring D, Wanyama GN, Korir D, Pelster DE, Goopy JP, Butterbach-Bahl K, Merbold L. Effect of feeding practices and manure quality on CH 4 and N 2O emissions from uncovered cattle manure heaps in Kenya. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:209-220. [PMID: 33774581 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rely on IPCC emission factors (EF) for GHG emission reporting. However, these were derived for industrialized livestock farms and do not represent conditions of smallholder farms (small, low-producing livestock breeds, poor feed quality, feed scarcity). Here, we present the first measurements of CH4 and N2O emissions from cattle-manure heaps representing feeding practices typical for smallholder farms in the highlands of East Africa: 1) cattle fed below maintenance energy requirements to represent feed scarcity, and 2) cattle fed tropical forage grasses (Napier, Rhodes, Brachiaria). Sub-maintenance feeding reduced cumulative manure N2O emissions compared to cattle receiving sufficient feed but did not change EFN2O. Sub-maintenance feeding did not affect cumulative manure CH4 emissions or EFCH4. When cattle were fed tropical forage grasses, cumulative manure N2O emissions did not differ between diets, but manure EFN2O from Brachiaria and Rhodes diets were lower than the IPCC EFN2O for solid storage (1%, 2019 Refinement of IPCC Guidelines). Manure CH4 emissions were lower in the Rhodes grass diet than when feeding Napier or Brachiaria, and manure EFCH4 from all three grasses were lower than the IPCC default (4.4 gCH4kg-1 VS, 2019 Refinement of IPCC Guidelines). Regression analysis revealed that manure N concentration and C:N were important drivers of N2O emissions, with low N concentrations and high C:N reducing N2O emissions. Our results show that IPCC EFs overestimate excreta GHG emissions, which calls for additional measurements to develop localized EFs for smallholder livestock systems in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Leitner
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Dónal Ring
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Trinity College Dublin, Department of Botany, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - George N Wanyama
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Korir
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David E Pelster
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - John P Goopy
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Lutz Merbold
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
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Nitrous Oxide from Beef Cattle Manure: Effects of Temperature, Water Addition and Manure Properties on Denitrification and Nitrification. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beef feedyards produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Limited research has evaluated the processes that produce feedyard N2O, and how rainfall and temperature impact N2O losses. Manure in feedyard pens develops into a complex ecosystem of microbes, extracellular enzymes, feces, and urine, with varying H2O content. This study aimed to improve understanding of feedyard N cycling under differing environmental conditions by incubation of manure in simulated feedyard pens using large chambers under laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that nitrification was the primary source of feedyard N2O, with interactions among temperature, H2O content, and manure properties. Emissions of N2O were monitored with a real–time N2O analyzer. Manure samples were taken at intervals for analyses of physicochemical properties, denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and nitrification activity (NA). Due to equipment limitations, there was only one chamber per temperature tested. Correlation was poor among N2O emissions and rates of DEA and NA. However, significant relationships were found among key manure characteristics, such as ammonia/ammonium and nitrate/nitrite concentrations, manure dry matter, redox status, and temperature. These data suggest that most N2O was derived from denitrification in the top 5 cm of the manure pack. Further study is warranted to identify the processes involved in flushes of N2O emitted immediately after rainfall, possibly due to abiotic chemical reactions that release N2O sequestered in manure pores.
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Cole NA, Parker DB, Todd RW, Leytem AB, Dungan RS, Hales KE, Ivey SL, Jennings J. Use of new technologies to evaluate the environmental footprint of feedlot systems. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 2:89-100. [PMID: 32704692 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased concern over the effects of livestock production on the environment, a number of new technologies have evolved to help scientists evaluate the environmental footprint of beef cattle. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of some of those techniques. These techniques include methods to measure individual feed intake, enteric methane emissions, ground-level greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions, feedlot and pasture emissions, and identify potential pathogens. The appropriate method to use for measuring emissions will vary depending upon the type of emission, the emission source, and the goals of the research. These methods should also be validated to assure they produce accurate results and achieve the goals of the research project. In addition, we must not forget to properly use existing technologies and methods such as proper feed mixing, feeding management, feed/ingredient sampling, and nutrient analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andy Cole
- USDA-ARS-Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX
| | - David B Parker
- USDA-ARS-Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX
| | - Richard W Todd
- USDA-ARS-Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX
| | - April B Leytem
- USDA-ARS-Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID
| | - Robert S Dungan
- USDA-ARS-Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID
| | | | - Shanna L Ivey
- Department of Animal and Range Science at New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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