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Macrae ML, Plach JM, Carlow R, Little C, Jarvie HP, McKague K, Pluer WT, Joosse P. Trade-offs in nutrient and sediment losses in tile drainage from no-till versus conventional conservation-till cropping systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1011-1023. [PMID: 37449773 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient and soil loss from agricultural areas impairs surface water quality globally. In the Great Lakes region, increases in the frequency and magnitude of harmful and nuisance algal blooms in freshwater lakes have been linked to elevated phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural fields, some of which are transported via tile drainage. This study examined whether concentrations and loads of P fractions, total suspended sediments (TSS), nitrate (NO3 - ), and ammonium (NH4 + ) in tile drainage in a clay soil differed between a continuous no-till system combining cover crops and surface broadcast fertilizer (no-till cover crop [NTCC]), and a more conventional tillage system with shallow tillage, fertilizer incorporation and limited use of cover crops (conventional conservation-till, CT). Both sites had modest soil fertility levels. Year-round, high-frequency observations of tile drainage flow and chemistry are described over 4 full water years and related to management practices on the associated fields. There were similar water yields in tile drainage between the two systems; however, losses of TSS, particulate P (PP), and NO3 - were consistently greater from the CT site, which received larger quantities of fertilizer. In contrast, dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses were considerably greater from the NTCC site, offsetting the lower PP losses, such that there was little difference in TP losses between sites. Approximately 60% of the DRP losses from the NTCC site over the 4 years were associated with incidental losses following surface application of fertilizer in fall. This study provides insight into trade-offs in controlling losses of different nutrient fractions using different management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Macrae
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Plach
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Carlow
- Lower Thames Valley Conservation Authority, Chatham, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Little
- Lower Thames Valley Conservation Authority, Chatham, Ontario, Canada
| | - H P Jarvie
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K McKague
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada
| | - W T Pluer
- Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Joosse
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Bashir F, Bashir A, Bouaïcha N, Chen L, Codd GA, Neilan B, Xu WL, Ziko L, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Arruda RS, Ganai BA. Cyanotoxins, biosynthetic gene clusters, and factors modulating cyanotoxin biosynthesis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:241. [PMID: 37394567 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a global environmental concern that encompasses public health issues, water availability, and water quality owing to the production of various secondary metabolites (SMs), including cyanotoxins in freshwater, brackish water, and marine ecosystems. The frequency, extent, magnitude, and duration of CHABs are increasing globally. Cyanobacterial species traits and changing environmental conditions, including anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and global climate change, together allow cyanobacteria to thrive. The cyanotoxins include a diverse range of low molecular weight compounds with varying biochemical properties and modes of action. With the application of modern molecular biology techniques, many important aspects of cyanobacteria are being elucidated, including aspects of their diversity, gene-environment interactions, and genes that express cyanotoxins. The toxicological, environmental, and economic impacts of CHABs strongly advocate the need for continuing, extensive efforts to monitor cyanobacterial growth and to understand the mechanisms regulating species composition and cyanotoxin biosynthesis. In this review, we critically examined the genomic organization of some cyanobacterial species that lead to the production of cyanotoxins and their characteristic properties discovered to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Bashir
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Arif Bashir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Government College for Women, Nawa-Kadal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Noureddine Bouaïcha
- Laboratory Ecology, Systematic, and Evolution, UMR 8079 Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science (SEES), Yunnan University (YNU), 650500, Kunming, China.
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Brett Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Laila Ziko
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
| | - Renan Silva Arruda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Center of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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Williamson TN, Dobrowolski EG, Kreiling RM. Phosphorus sources, forms, and abundance as a function of streamflow and field conditions in a Maumee River tributary, 2016-2019. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:492-507. [PMID: 34543452 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Total phosphorus (TP), dissolved P (DP), and suspended sediment (SS) were sampled in Black Creek, Indiana, monthly during base flow and for 100 storm events during water years 2016-2019, enabling analysis of how each of these varied as a function of streamflow and field conditions at nested edge-of-field sites. Particulate P was normalized for SS (PSS = [TP - DP]/SS). Streamflow events were differentiated by maximum TP concentrations co-occurring with maximum SS (SED) or DP (SOL). The combination of new precipitation and high antecedent soil-water storage during months when fields were exposed coincided with higher streamflow that drove SED events. These SED events carried more SS, including sediment eroded from streambanks that added sediment P but also may have provided for sorption of DP. During SOL events, DP was higher and contributed approximately half of TP; SS was lower. These SOL events had higher PSS , more similar to that in base flow as well as composited samples of overland flow and tile-drain discharge from fields. Base-flow samples had significantly higher PSS concentrations than most event samples, with ≤25 times enrichment relative to soil P concentrations in fine-grained source material. Combining base-flow and event samples showed that PSS integrates SS, DP, and streamflow. Addition of new suspended sediment during events may provide for sorption of DP during and after events and storage in the system, delaying delivery of this P to Lake Erie relative to what would be expected for the dissolved form but adding to the legacy P stored in the stream system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja N Williamson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, 9818 Bluegrass Parkway, Louisville, KY, 40299, USA
| | - Edward G Dobrowolski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, 5957 Lakeside Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN, 46278, USA
| | - Rebecca M Kreiling
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
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Shin S, Her Y, Muñoz-Carpena R, Yu X. Quantifying the contribution of external loadings and internal hydrodynamic processes to the water quality of Lake Okeechobee. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163713. [PMID: 37105475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The water quality of a waterbody is determined by internal hydrodynamic processes as well as external loadings. Understanding the interaction between the external loading and internal process of a waterbody is essential for efficient water management and water quality improvement. Studies and efforts have focused on water and nutrient loading from drainage watersheds, but the contribution of the waterbody's internal process to water quality is often ignored and not well documented. This study investigated how the water quality of Lake Okeechobee is controlled by external and internal factors using statistical and numerical modeling approaches. Water quantity and quality observed at the outlets of the Lake Okeechobee drainage basins and 19 monitoring sites located within the lake were statistically analyzed using multilinear regression. A three-dimensional numerical model, namely Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), was calibrated to the observations to mathematically represent the lake's internal hydrodynamic process. The multilinear regression found that the water quality was the most sensitive to air temperature, the total phosphorus (TP) concentration of inflow entering the lake from the Kissimmee River basins, and the amount of outflow discharged from the lake among external factors. However, the regression models and their explanatory power were substantially varied by the monitoring stations. The model parameter sensitivity analysis of the calibrated EFDC model showed that model parameters related to the lake's internal algal processes including algal growth, predation, and basal metabolism rates had greater impacts on algal biomass than other model parameters controlling nutrient-related processes such as nutrient half-saturation and hydrolysis rates. The EFDC input data sensitivity analysis found that wind (speed) is the major driving force for the internal hydrodynamic processes; its impact on algal biomass was greater than those of the external loadings. In addition, the algal biomass was found to have an inverse relationship with wind-induced horizontal currents. The results demonstrate the dynamic contribution of the internal and external drivers to the water quality of Lake Okeechobee, suggesting the need to consider both internal hydrodynamic and external loading processes for efficient water quality improvement of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbyeol Shin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Carpena
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Implementation of a watershed modelling framework to support adaptive management in the Canadian side of the Lake Erie basin. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Macrae M, Jarvie H, Brouwer R, Gunn G, Reid K, Joosse P, King K, Kleinman P, Smith D, Williams M, Zwonitzer M. One size does not fit all: Toward regional conservation practice guidance to reduce phosphorus loss risk in the Lake Erie watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:529-546. [PMID: 33742722 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural phosphorus (P) losses to surface water bodies remain a global eutrophication concern, despite the application of conservation practices on farm fields. Although it is generally agreed upon that the use of multiple conservation practices ("stacking") will lead to greater improvements to water quality, this may not be cost effective to farmers, reducing the likelihood of adoption. At present, wholesale recommendations of conservation practices are given; however, the application of specific conservation practices in certain environments (e.g., no-till with surface application, cover crops) may not be effective and can even lead to unintended consequences. In this paper, we present the Lake Erie watershed as a case study. The Lake Erie watershed contains regions with unique physical geographies that include differences in climate, soil, topography, and land use, which have implications for both P transport from agricultural fields and the efficacy of conservation practices in mitigating P losses. We define major regions within the Lake Erie watershed where common strategies for conservation practice implementation are appropriate, and we propose a five-step plan for bringing regionally tailored, adaptive, and cost-conscious conservation practice into watershed planning. Although this paper is specific to the Lake Erie watershed, our framework can be transferred across broader geographic regions to provide guidance for watershed planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrin Macrae
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- The Water Institute, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Jarvie
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- The Water Institute, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roy Brouwer
- The Water Institute, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Grant Gunn
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Reid
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pam Joosse
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Marip JB, Yuan X, Zhu H, Nooni IK, Amankwah SOY, Prempeh NA, Norgbey E, Yuguda TK, Khaing ZM. Spatial Distribution and Environmental Significance of Phosphorus Fractions in River Sediments and Its Influencing Factor from Hongze and Tiaoxi Watersheds, Eastern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165787. [PMID: 32785126 PMCID: PMC7459694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the spatial distribution of phosphorus fractions in river sediments and analyzed the relationship between different phosphorus fractions and their environmental influence on the sediments within different watersheds in Eastern China. River sediments from two inflow watersheds (Hongze and Tiaoxi) to Hongze and Taihu Lake in Eastern China were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary phosphorus, including freely sorbed phosphorus (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive phosphorus (BD-P), bound phosphorus metal oxide (NaOH-P), bound phosphorus calcium (HCl-P), and residual phosphorus (Res-P) were all analyzed. The orders of rankings for the P fractions of the rivers Anhe and Suihe were HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P and HCl-P > BD-P > NaOH-P > NH4Cl-P, respectively. For the rank order of the Hongze watershed, HCl-P was higher while the NH4Cl-P contents were significantly lower. The rank order for the Dongtiaoxi River was NaOH-P > HCl-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P, and that of Xitiaoxi River was NaOH-P > BD-P > HCl-P > NH4Cl-P. Compared with the phosphorus forms of the Tiaoxi watershed, NaOH-P contents were significantly higher compared to HCl-P, which was significantly higher in the Hongze watershed. In comparison, NH4Cl-P contents were significantly lower in both. Variations may be attributed to differential discharge of the P form in the watershed due to land-use changes and urban river ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Bawk Marip
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Hai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Isaac Kwesi Nooni
- Binjiang College of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 333, Xishan Road, Wuxi 214105, China;
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Solomon O. Y. Amankwah
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Nana Agyemang Prempeh
- School of Geosciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, PMB, Sunyani 3520, Ghana;
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Taitiya Kenneth Yuguda
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Zaw Myo Khaing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
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Ator SW, Blomquist JD, Webber JS, Chanat JG. Factors driving nutrient trends in streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:812-834. [PMID: 33016477 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of effort toward reducing nitrogen and phosphorus flux to Chesapeake Bay, water-quality and ecological responses in surface waters have been mixed. Recent research, however, provides useful insight into multiple factors complicating the understanding of nutrient trends in bay tributaries, which we review in this paper, as we approach a 2025 total maximum daily load (TMDL) management deadline. Improvements in water quality in many streams are attributable to management actions that reduced point sources and atmospheric nitrogen deposition and to changes in climate. Nutrient reductions expected from management actions, however, have not been fully realized in watershed streams. Nitrogen from urban nonpoint sources has declined, although water-quality responses to urbanization in individual streams vary depending on predevelopment land use. Evolving agriculture, the largest watershed source of nutrients, has likely contributed to local nutrient trends but has not affected substantial changes in flux to the bay. Changing average nitrogen yields from farmland underlain by carbonate rocks, however, may suggest future trends in other areas under similar management, climatic, or other influences, although drivers of these changes remain unclear. Regardless of upstream trends, phosphorus flux to the bay from its largest tributary has increased due to sediment infill in the Conowingo Reservoir. In general, recent research emphasizes the utility of input reductions over attempts to manage nutrient fate and transport at limiting nutrients in surface waters. Ongoing research opportunities include evaluating effects of climate change and conservation practices over time and space and developing tools to disentangle and evaluate multiple influences on regional water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Ator
- USGS, 5522 Research Park Dr., Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
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Jarvie HP, Sharpley AN, Flaten D, Kleinman PJA. Phosphorus mirabilis: Illuminating the Past and Future of Phosphorus Stewardship. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1127-1132. [PMID: 31589703 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.07.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After its discovery in 1669, phosphorus (P) was named ("the miraculous bearer of light"), arising from the chemoluminescence when white P is exposed to the atmosphere. The metaphoric association between P and light resonates through history: from the discovery of P at the start of the Enlightenment period to the vital role of P in photosynthetic capture of light in crop and food production through to new technologies, which seek to capitalize on the interactions between novel ultrathin P allotropes and light, including photocatalysis, solar energy production, and storage. In this introduction to the special section "Celebrating the 350th Anniversary of Discovering Phosphorus-For Better or Worse," which brings together 22 paper contributions, we shine a spotlight on the historical and emerging challenges and opportunities in research and understanding of the agricultural, environmental, and societal significance of this vital element. We highlight the role of P in water quality impairment and the variable successes of P mitigation measures. We reflect on the need to improve P use efficiency and on the kaleidoscope of challenges facing efficient use of P. We discuss the requirement to focus on place-based solutions for developing effective and lasting P management. Finally, we consider how cross-disciplinary collaborations in P stewardship offer a guiding light for the future, and we explore the glimmers of hope for reconnecting our broken P cycle and the bright new horizons needed to ensure future food, water, and bioresource security for growing global populations.
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