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Przemieniecki SW, Kalisz B, Katzer J, Wamelink GWW, Kosewska O, Kosewska A, Sowiński P, Mastalerz J. Effect of vermicompost on rhizobiome and the growth of wheat on Martian regolith simulant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173299. [PMID: 38761954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
As humanity embarks on the journey to establish permanent colonies on Mars, ensuring a reliable source of sustenance will be crucial. Therefore, detailed studies regarding crop cultivation using Martian simulants are of great importance. This study aimed to grow wheat on substrates based on soil and Martian simulants, with the addition of vermicompost, to investigate the differences in wheat development. Basic physical and chemical properties of substrates were examined, including determination of macro- and microelements as well as their microbiological properties. Plant growth parameters were also determined. The addition of vermicompost positively affected wheat grown on soil, but the effect on plants grown on substrate with Martian simulants was negligible. Comparing the microbiological and chemical components, it was observed that plants can defend themselves against the negative effects of growth on the Martian simulants, but their success depends on having the PGPR (Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) present, which can provide the plant with additional nitrogen. The presence of beneficial symbiotic microbiota will allow the wheat to wait out the negative growth time rather than adapt to the regolith environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kalisz
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Katzer
- Center of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - G W Wieger Wamelink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Kosewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kosewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Sowiński
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Mastalerz
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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Vareda JP, Fonseca AC, Ribeiro ACF, Pontinha ADR. Silica-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Aerogel: A Promising Electrolyte for Solid-State Sodium Batteries. Gels 2024; 10:293. [PMID: 38786210 PMCID: PMC11120664 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from fossil fuels is in part limited by our inability to store energy at different scales. Batteries are therefore in high demand, and we need them to store more energy, be more reliable, durable and have less social and environmental impact. Silica-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite aerogels doped with sodium perchlorate were synthesized as novel electrolytes for potential application in solid-state sodium batteries. The aerogels, synthesized by one-pot synthesis, are light (up to 214 kg m-3), porous (~85%), exhibit reduced shrinkage on drying (up to 12%) and a typical silica aerogel microstructure. The formation of a silica network and the presence of PVA and sodium perchlorate in the composite were confirmed by FTIR and TGA. The XRD analysis also shows that a predominantly amorphous structure is obtained, as crystalline phases of polymer and salt are present in a very reduced amount. The effects of increasing polymer and sodium salt concentrations on the ionic conductivity, assessed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were studied. At a PVA concentration of 15% (w/w silica precursors), the sodium conduction improved significantly up to (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10-5 S cm-1. Thus, this novel material has promising properties for the envisaged application.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Vareda
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Clotilde Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | | | - Ana Dora Rodrigues Pontinha
- University of Coimbra, ISISE, ARISE, Department of Civil Engineering, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;
- SeaPower, Associação Para o Desenvolvimento da Economia do Mar, Rua Das Acácias, Nº 40A, Parque Industrial da Figueira Da Foz, 3090-380 Figueira Da Foz, Portugal
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Rizzuto C, Barberi RC, Castriota M. Development of Electrochromic Devices, Based on Polymeric Gel, for Energy Saving Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3347. [PMID: 37631404 PMCID: PMC10458007 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the implementation of an electrochromic device (10 cm × 10 cm in size) for energy saving applications has been presented. As electrochromic system has been used with an electrochromic solution (ECsol) made by ethyl viologen diperchlorate [EV(ClO4)2], 1,1'-diethyl ferrocene (DEFc) and propylene carbonate (PC), as solvent. The final system has been obtained by mixing the ECsol, described above, with a polymeric system made by Bisphenol-A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA) and 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Irgacure 651) in a weight percentage equal to 60:40% w/w, respectively. Lithography has been used to make a spacer pattern with a thickness of about 15-20 µm between the two substrates. Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the EV•+ as justified by the blue color of the electrochromic device in the ON state. Electrochemical and optical properties of the electrochromic device have been studied. The device shows reversible electrochromic behavior as confirmed by cyclic color variation due to the reduction and oxidation process of the EV2+/EV•+ couple. The electrochromic device shows a variation of the % transmittance in the visible region at 400 nm of 59.6% in the OFF state and 0.48% at 3.0 V. At 606 nm the transmittance in the bleached state is 84.58% in the OFF state and then decreases to 1.01% when it is fully colored at 3.0 V. In the NIR region at 890 nm, the device shows a transmittance of 74.3% in the OFF state and 23.7% at 3.0 V while at 1165 nm the values of the transmittance changed from 83.21% in the OFF state to 1.58% in the ON state at 3.0 V. The electrochromic device shows high values of CCR% and exhibits excellent values of CE in both visible and near-infrared regions when switched between OFF/ON states. In the NIR region at 890 nm, electrochromic devices can be used for the energy-saving of buildings with a promising CE of 120.9 cm2/C and 420.1 cm2/C at 1165 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzuto
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Barberi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Castriota
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Couto RAA, Miguel RB, Vieira EG, Brendlé J, Limousy L, Constantino VRL, Ferreira AMDC. Synthetic beidellite clay as nanocarrier for delivery of antitumor oxindolimine-metal complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112099. [PMID: 36584559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the immobilization of oxindolimine‑copper(II) or zinc(II) complexes [ML] in synthetic beidellite (BDL) clay were developed to obtain a suitable inorganic carrier capable of promoting the modified-release of metallopharmaceuticals. Previous investigations have shown that the studied metal complexes are promising antitumor agents, targeting DNA, mitochondria, and some proteins. They can bind to DNA, causing oxidative damage via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mitochondria they lead to a decrease in membrane potential, acting as decoupling agents, and therefore efficiently inducing apoptosis. Additionally, they inhibit human topoisomerase IB and cyclin dependent kinases, proteins involved in the cell cycle. BDL clays in the sodium form were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by a set of physicochemical techniques while the BDL-[ML] hybrid materials were prepared by ion exchange method. The characterization of pristine clay and the obtained hybrids were performed by Infrared, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, specific surface area, zeta potential and surface ionic charge measurements. The [ML] release assays under the same cell incubation conditions were performed monitoring metals by X-ray fluorescence. The BDL-[CuL] hybrid materials were stable and able to derail tumor HeLa cells, with corresponding IC50 values in the 0.11-0.41 mg mL-1 range. By contrast, the analogous hybrid samples of zinc(II) and the pristine BDL proved to be non-toxic facing the same cells. These results indicate a promising possibility of using synthetic beidellite as a carrier of such antitumor metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alexandre Alves Couto
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Bernardi Miguel
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guimarães Vieira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jocelyne Brendlé
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, cedex, France.
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, cedex, France.
| | - Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Da Costa Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Balashova E, Zolotarev A, Levin AA, Davydov V, Pavlov S, Smirnov A, Starukhin A, Krichevtsov B, Zhang H, Li F, Luo H, Ke H. Crystal Structure, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis Absorption, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, TG-DSC and Dielectric Properties of New Semiorganic Crystals of 2-Methylbenzimidazolium Perchlorate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1994. [PMID: 36903111 PMCID: PMC10004103 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of 2-methylbenzimidazolium perchlorate were prepared for the first time with a slow evaporation method from an aqueous solution of a mixture of 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) crystals and perchloric acid HClO4. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by XRD of powder. Angle-resolved polarized Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of crystals consist of lines caused by molecular vibrations in MBI molecule and ClO4- tetrahedron in the region ν = 200-3500 cm-1 and lattice vibrations in the region of 0-200 cm-1. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy show a protonation of MBI molecule in the crystal. An analysis of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra gives an estimation of an optical gap Eg~3.9 eV in the crystals studied. Photoluminescence spectra of MBI-perchlorate crystals consist of a number of overlapping bands with the main maximum at Ephoton ≅ 2.0 eV. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) revealed the presence of two first-order phase transitions with different temperature hysteresis at temperatures above room temperature. The higher temperature transition corresponds to the melting temperature. Both phase transitions are accompanied by a strong increase in the permittivity and conductivity, especially during melting, which is similar to the effect of an ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Balashova
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Zolotarev
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Valery Davydov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly Starukhin
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris Krichevtsov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fangzhe Li
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huijiadai Luo
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hua Ke
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Sathya U, Nirmalram JS, Gomathi S, Perdih F, Jegan Jennifer S, Abdul Razak I. Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of hypoxanthine salts involving 5-sulfosalicylate and perchlorate anions. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:574-583. [PMID: 36072155 PMCID: PMC9431789 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022004753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two salts of 1,9-di-hydro-purin-6-one (hypoxanthine), namely, 6-oxo-1,9-di-hydro-purin-7-ium 5-sulfosalicylate dihydrate, C5H5N4O+·C7H5O6S-·2H2O, (I), and 6-oxo-1,9-di-hydro-purin-7-ium perchlorate monohydrate, C5H5N4O+·ClO4 -·H2O, (II), have been synthesized and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld analysis. In both salts, the hypoxanthine mol-ecule is protonated at the N7 position of the purine ring. In salt (I), the cation and anion are connected through N-H⋯O inter-actions. The protonated hypoxanthine cations of salt (I) form base pairs with another symmetry-related hypoxanthine cation through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2(8) ring motif, while in salt (II), the hypoxanthine cations are paired through a water mol-ecule via N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds with an R 3 3(11) ring motif. The packings within the crystal structures are stabilized by π-π stacking inter-actions in salt (I) and C-O⋯π inter-actions in salt (II). The combination of several inter-actions leads to the formation of supra-molecular sheets extending parallel to (010) in salts (I) and (II). Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots reveal that O⋯H/H⋯O contacts play the major role in the crystal packing of each of the salts, with a 54.1% contribution in salt (I) and 62.3% in salt (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayasuriyan Sathya
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sundaramoorthy Gomathi
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna, pot 113, PO Box 537, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samson Jegan Jennifer
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Abdul Razak
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
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7
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Electrochemically driven cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl halides. Nature 2022; 604:292-297. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A Review of Sample Analysis at Mars-Evolved Gas Analysis Laboratory Analog Work Supporting the Presence of Perchlorates and Chlorates in Gale Crater, Mars. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover has detected evidence of oxychlorine compounds (i.e., perchlorates and chlorates) in Gale crater, which has implications for past habitability, diagenesis, aqueous processes, interpretation of in situ organic analyses, understanding the martian chlorine cycle, and hazards and resources for future human exploration. Pure oxychlorines and mixtures of oxychlorines with Mars-analog phases have been analyzed for their oxygen (O2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) releases on SAM laboratory analog instruments in order to constrain which phases are present in Gale crater. These studies demonstrated that oxychlorines evolve O2 releases with peaks between ~200 and 600 °C, although the thermal decomposition temperatures and the amount of evolved O2 decrease when iron phases are present in the sample. Mg and Fe oxychlorines decompose into oxides and release HCl between ~200 and 542 °C. Ca, Na, and K oxychlorines thermally decompose into chlorides and do not evolve HCl by themselves. However, the chlorides (original or from oxychlorine decomposition) can react with water-evolving phases (e.g., phyllosilicates) in the sample and evolve HCl within the temperature range of SAM (<~870 °C). These laboratory analog studies support that the SAM detection of oxychlorine phases is consistent with the presence of Mg, Ca, Na, and K perchlorate and/or chlorate along with possible contributions from adsorbed oxychlorines in Gale crater samples.
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Bishop JL, Yeşilbaş M, Hinman NW, Burton ZFM, Englert PAJ, Toner JD, McEwen AS, Gulick VC, Gibson EK, Koeberl C. Martian subsurface cryosalt expansion and collapse as trigger for landslides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe4459. [PMID: 33536216 PMCID: PMC7857681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
On Mars, seasonal martian flow features known as recurring slope lineae (RSL) are prevalent on sun-facing slopes and are associated with salts. On Earth, subsurface interactions of gypsum with chlorides and oxychlorine salts wreak havoc: instigating sinkholes, cave collapse, debris flows, and upheave. Here, we illustrate (i) the disruptive potential of sulfate-chloride reactions in laboratory soil crust experiments, (ii) the formation of thin films of mixed ice-liquid water "slush" at -40° to -20°C on salty Mars analog grains, (iii) how mixtures of sulfates and chlorine salts affect their solubilities in low-temperature environments, and (iv) how these salt brines could be contributing to RSL formation on Mars. Our results demonstrate that interactions of sulfates and chlorine salts in fine-grained soils on Mars could absorb water, expand, deliquesce, cause subsidence, form crusts, disrupt surfaces, and ultimately produce landslides after dust loading on these unstable surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bishop
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
- Space Science and Astrobiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - M Yeşilbaş
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N W Hinman
- Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Z F M Burton
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P A J Englert
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - J D Toner
- Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - A S McEwen
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - V C Gulick
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Space Science and Astrobiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E K Gibson
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - C Koeberl
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ion recognition properties of new pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide bearing propeller-like pendant residues: multi-spectroscopic approach. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis and ion binding properties of new amide derived from propeller-like tris(2-pyridyl)amine and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid chloride were described. Amide binds divalent metal cations: copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), and lead(II) in acetonitrile. In acetonitrile:water mixture (9:1 v/v) amide interacts only with copper(II) and nickel(II) cations forming complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry. It was found that the introduction of bulky, nitrogen donor atom bearing pendant groups can influence coordination mode of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamides. The probable model of ligand-ion interactions is proposed on the basis of 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.
Graphic abstract
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11
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Korablev OI, Dobrolensky Y, Evdokimova N, Fedorova AA, Kuzmin RO, Mantsevich SN, Cloutis EA, Carter J, Poulet F, Flahaut J, Griffiths A, Gunn M, Schmitz N, Martín-Torres J, Zorzano MP, Rodionov DS, Vago JL, Stepanov AV, Titov AY, Vyazovetsky NA, Trokhimovskiy AY, Sapgir AG, Kalinnikov YK, Ivanov YS, Shapkin AA, Ivanov AY. Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars: A Mast-Mounted Instrument for the Rover. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:542-564. [PMID: 28731817 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) is a pencil-beam infrared spectrometer that will measure reflected solar radiation in the near infrared range for context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity of the ExoMars rover. The instrument will be accommodated on the mast of the rover and will be operated together with the panoramic camera (PanCam), high-resolution camera (HRC). ISEM will study the mineralogical and petrographic composition of the martian surface in the vicinity of the rover, and in combination with the other remote sensing instruments, it will aid in the selection of potential targets for close-up investigations and drilling sites. Of particular scientific interest are water-bearing minerals, such as phyllosilicates, sulfates, carbonates, and minerals indicative of astrobiological potential, such as borates, nitrates, and ammonium-bearing minerals. The instrument has an ∼1° field of view and covers the spectral range between 1.15 and 3.30 μm with a spectral resolution varying from 3.3 nm at 1.15 μm to 28 nm at 3.30 μm. The ISEM optical head is mounted on the mast, and its electronics box is located inside the rover's body. The spectrometer uses an acousto-optic tunable filter and a Peltier-cooled InAs detector. The mass of ISEM is 1.74 kg, including the electronics and harness. The science objectives of the experiment, the instrument design, and operational scenarios are described. Key Words: ExoMars-ISEM-Mars-Surface-Mineralogy-Spectroscopy-AOTF-Infrared. Astrobiology 17, 542-564.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruslan O Kuzmin
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 2 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry GEOKHI , Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Mantsevich
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 3 Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia
| | | | - John Carter
- 5 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale IAS-CNRS/Université Paris Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Francois Poulet
- 5 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale IAS-CNRS/Université Paris Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Jessica Flahaut
- 6 Université Lyon 1 , ENS-Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Andrew Griffiths
- 7 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Dorking, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gunn
- 8 Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Javier Martín-Torres
- 10 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden
- 11 Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) , Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Paz Zorzano
- 10 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden
- 12 Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alexander V Stepanov
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 3 Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yurii K Kalinnikov
- 14 National Research Institute for Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements VNIIFTRI , Mendeleevo, Russia
| | - Yurii S Ivanov
- 15 Main Astronomical Observatory MAO NASU , Kyiv, Ukraine
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