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Lee J, Kim WK. Applications of Enteroendocrine Cells (EECs) Hormone: Applicability on Feed Intake and Nutrient Absorption in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2975. [PMID: 37760373 PMCID: PMC10525316 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of hormones derived from enteroendocrine cells (EECs) on appetite and nutrient absorption in chickens. In response to nutrient intake, EECs release hormones that act on many organs and body systems, including the brain, gallbladder, and pancreas. Gut hormones released from EECs play a critical role in the regulation of feed intake and the absorption of nutrients such as glucose, protein, and fat following feed ingestion. We could hypothesize that EECs are essential for the regulation of appetite and nutrient absorption because the malfunction of EECs causes severe diarrhea and digestion problems. The importance of EEC hormones has been recognized, and many studies have been carried out to elucidate their mechanisms for many years in other species. However, there is a lack of research on the regulation of appetite and nutrient absorption by EEC hormones in chickens. This review suggests the potential significance of EEC hormones on growth and health in chickens under stress conditions induced by diseases and high temperature, etc., by providing in-depth knowledge of EEC hormones and mechanisms on how these hormones regulate appetite and nutrient absorption in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Salahuddin M, Hiramatsu K, Kita K. Dietary carbohydrate influences the colocalization pattern of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with neurotensin in the chicken ileum. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 79:106693. [PMID: 34973620 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 colocalizes with neurotensin (NT) in the same enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the chicken ileum. The present study was designed to clarify the influence of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on the colocalization pattern of GLP-1 with NT in the chicken distal ileum. Male White Leghorn chickens at 6 weeks of age (n = 15) were divided into three groups, a control and two experimental (low-CHO and CHO-free), with five chickens in each, and fed control or experimental diets for 7 d. Distal ileum was collected from each bird as a tissue sample and subjected to double immunofluorescence staining to detect GLP-1 and NT. Three types of EEC, GLP-1+/NT+, GLP-1+/NT- and GLP-1-/NT+, were demonstrated in the chicken ileum. GLP-1+/NT+ cells in the control group had a spindle-like shape with a long cytoplasmic process, but those in the experimental groups were round and lacked a cytoplasmic process. The ratio of GLP-1+/NT+ cells was significantly decreased in the two experimental groups compared with that in the control group. The ratio of GLP-1+/NT+ cells was significantly lower than those of GLP-1+/NT- and GLP-1-/NT+ cells in the two experimental groups. Most cells that were immunoreactive for GLP-1 and NT antisera lacked signals of proglucagon (PG) and NT precursor (NTP) mRNA in the experimental groups. The number of EECs expressing PG and NTP mRNA signals showed tendencies for decreases with a reduction of dietary CHO level. These findings suggest that dietary CHO could be a significant regulator of the pattern of colocalization pattern of GLP-1 with NT in the chicken ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salahuddin
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - K Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - K Kita
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Salahuddin M, Hiramatsu K, Nishimoto I, Kita K. Dietary carbohydrate modifies the density of L cells in the chicken ileum. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:265-274. [PMID: 34980756 PMCID: PMC8920715 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) are secreted from intestinal L cells and stimulate various
physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The secretion of GLPs is influenced
by macronutrient ingestion. This study aims to clarify the effects of dietary carbohydrate
(CHO) on L cells in the chicken ileum. Six-week-old, male White Leghorn chickens were
divided into three groups: control, low-CHO and CHO-free, with five chickens in each
group. Paraffin sections were made from the proximal and distal ileum of each animal and
subjected to immunohistochemistry for GLP-1 and GLP-2 peptides and in
situ hybridization for proglucagon (PG) mRNA. A significant reduction of GLP-1-
and GLP-2-immunoreactive cells was observed in the two experimental groups compared with
that in the control. A reduction of cells expressing PG mRNA was observed in the proximal
and distal ileum of the CHO-free group compared with that in the control. The ratio of
GLP-1-immunoreactive cells showing Ki-67 immunoreactivity was significantly lower in the
distal ileum of the CHO-free group than that in the control group. These data suggest that
dietary CHO is an effective stimulator for modifying L cell density in the chicken
ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salahuddin
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kohzy Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Iori Nishimoto
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kita
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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4
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Hiramatsu K. Chicken Intestinal L Cells and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:1-6. [PMID: 32174759 PMCID: PMC7063072 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many types of endocrine cells have been identified in the gastroenteropancreatic system of vertebrates, which have subsequently been named with alphabet (s). L cells which secrete the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 are scattered in the intestinal epithelium. This review discusses the morphological features of chicken L cells and GLP-1 secretion from intestinal L cells. L cells, identified using GLP-1 immunohistochemistry, are open-type endocrine cells that are distributed in the jejunum and ileum of chickens. GLP-1 co-localizes with GLP-2 and neurotensin in the same cells of the chicken ileum. Intestinal L cells secrete GLP-1 in response to food ingestion. Proteins and amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, in the diet trigger GLP-1 secretion from the chicken intestinal L cells. The receptor that specifically binds chicken GLP-1 is expressed in pancreatic D cells, implying that the physiological functions of chicken GLP-1 differ from its functions as an incretin in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohzy Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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5
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Mazzoni M, Karunaratne TB, Sirri F, Petracci M, De Giorgio R, Sternini C, Clavenzani P. Enteroendocrine profile of α-transducin and α-gustducin immunoreactive cells in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) gastrointestinal tract. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4063-4072. [PMID: 29955800 PMCID: PMC6162362 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteroendocrine profile and distribution patterns of the taste signaling molecules, α-gustducin (Gαgust) and α-transducin (Gαtran) protein subunits, were studied in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) using double labeling immunohistochemistry. Gαtran or Gαgust immunoreactivity was observed in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) expressing different peptides throughout the entire GI tract with different density. In the proventriculus tubular gland, Gαtran or Gαgust/gastrin (GAS) immunoreactive (-IR) cells were more abundant than Gαtran/or Gαgust containing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or peptide YY (PYY), whereas only few Gαtran or Gαgust cells co-stored ghrelin (GHR) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In the pyloric mucosa, many Gαtran or Gαgust-IR cells co-expressed GAS or GHR, with less Gαtran or Gαgust cells containing GLP-1, PYY, or 5-HT. In the small intestine, a considerable subset of Gαtran or Gαgust-IR cells co-expressed 5-HT in the villi of the duodenum and ileum, PYY in the villi of the jejunum, CCK or GLP-1 in the villi of the ileum, and GHR in the duodenum crypts. In the large intestine, many Gαtran or Gαgust-IR cells contained 5-HT or GLP-1 in the villi of the rectum, whereas some Gαtran/Gαgust-IR cells co-expressed PYY- or CCK-, and few Gαtran/Gαgust-IR cells were positive for GHR-IR. In the cecum, several Gαtran or Gαgust-IR cells were IR for 5-HT. Finally, many Gαtran/Gαgust cells containing 5-HT were observed in the villi and crypts of the cloaca, whereas there were few Gαtran or Gαgust/CCK-IR cells. The demonstration that Gα-subunits are expressed in the chicken GI enteroendocrine system supports the involvement of taste signaling machinery in the chicken chemosensing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - T B Karunaratne
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Italy
| | - F Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - R De Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Nuovo Arcispedale S.Anna, in Cona, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Sternini
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Departments Medicine and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Watanabe T, Hiramatsu K, Nishimura K, Ono T. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in the Pancreatic D Cells of Three Avian Species; White Leghorn Chickens, Northern Bobwhites, and Common Ostriches. J Poult Sci 2018; 55:199-203. [PMID: 32055175 PMCID: PMC6756505 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is released from the intestinal L cells in response to food ingestion and stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreatic B cells, by binding to its specific receptor (GLP-1R), which is expressed on the pancreatic B cells in the mammalian pancreas. Previously, we demonstrated that chicken GLP-1R was expressed on the pancreatic D cells by using a specific antibody against chicken GLP-1R. In the present study, we compared the localization of GLP-1R in the pancreases of three avian species; white leghorn chicken, northern bobwhite, and common ostrich, using the double immunofluorescence technique. We found that the types of pancreatic islets in the northern bobwhite pancreas were similar to those found in the chicken pancreas. The ostrich pancreas contained several types of pancreatic islets. GLP-1R-immunoreactive cells were found in all types of pancreatic islets in both northern bobwhite and ostrich and expressed somatostatin immunoreactivity. The present results indicate that the pancreatic D cells are the target cells of GLP-1, and GLP-1 might play a physiological role via somatostatin in the avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kohzy Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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7
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 is co-localized with neurotensin in the chicken ileum. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:277-286. [PMID: 28108848 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and neurotensin (NT) are distributed throughout the chicken ileum. Here, we attempt to determine if GLP-1 and NT co-localize in the chicken ileum by using immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Three types of enteroendocrine cells, GLP-1+/NT+, GLP-1+/NT- and GLP-1-/NT+ cells, were detected in the mucosal epithelium by the double immunofluorescence method. The ratio of GLP-1+/NT+ cells at the crypts in the distal ileum was significantly higher than that in the proximal ileum. The ratios of the three cell types were similar along the crypt-villous axis in the proximal ileum but the percentage of GLP-1+/NT+ cells significantly decreased at the middle part of villi relative to crypts and the bottom part of villi in the distal ileum. Enteroendocrine cells that were immunoreactive to both GLP-1 and NT peptides and showed both proglucagon and NT precursor mRNA signals were found in the crypts of the distal ileum but not in the villous epithelium. The results from performing an immunocytochemical method with colloidal gold indicated that the GLP-1 content within GLP-1+/NT+ cell secretory granules decreased stepwise from the crypt to the middle part of the villus but the NT content in these granules increased in this direction. These findings reveal that the cells producing both GLP-1 and NT are mainly localized in the crypts of the chicken ileum but these endocrine cells specialize in NT-producing cells at the villous epithelium of the distal ileum.
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8
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Nishimura K, Hiramatsu K, Watanabe T. Dynamics of L cells along the crypt-villous axis in the chicken ileum. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56:70-4. [PMID: 27131336 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of L cells along the crypt-villous axis were investigated in the ileum of male White Leghorn chicks (7 d of age, n = 5). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and an in situ hybridization technique to detect proglucagon messenger RNA (mRNA). Immunocytochemistry using colloidal gold was also applied to quantitatively evaluate the GLP-1 content. The cells expressing a proglucagon mRNA signal were distributed mainly in the crypts and the bottom of the villi but were never found in the upper part of the villi. Most of the cells expressing a proglucagon mRNA signal (97%) were immunoreactive for GLP-1 antiserum. In contrast, GLP-1 immunoreactive cells were distributed from the crypts to the middle part of the villi, and only 55% of them expressed a proglucagon mRNA signal. Quantitative evaluation by immunocytochemistry of GLP-1 using colloidal gold revealed that the GLP-1 content was significantly lower in L cells located in the villous epithelium than that of L cells located in the crypts (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that L cells in the chicken ileum mature and complete GLP-1 production in the crypts. L cells in the villous epithelium secrete GLP-1 but do not synthesize this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishimura
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - K Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - T Watanabe
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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9
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Amino Acid Supplementation to Diet Influences the Activity of the L Cells in Chicken Small Intestine. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Monir MM, Hiramatsu K, Matsumoto S, Nishimura K, Takemoto C, Shioji T, Watanabe T, Kita K, Yonekura S, Roh SG. Influences of protein ingestion on glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the chicken ileum. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:581-7. [PMID: 24506838 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influences of a specific dietary nutrient on glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-containing cells in the chicken intestine are not yet clear. Significance of dietary protein level on GLP-1-containing cells in the chicken ileum was investigated. Chickens fed control or experimental diets of varying protein levels were examined using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. We show that the protein ingestion had an impact on the activities of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells in the chicken ileum. Weight gains declined with decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels, but no significant differences were detected in the daily feed intake and villous height. GLP-1-immunoreactive cells with a round or oval shape were frequently observed in the lower CP level groups (4.5% and 0%). Frequencies of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells were 41.1 ± 4.1, 38.5 ± 4, 34.8 ± 3.1 and 34.3 ± 3.7 (cells/mm(2) , mean ± SD) for dietary CP level of 18%, 9%, 4.5% and 0% groups, respectively and significant differences were recognized between the control and lower CP level groups (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between the daily protein intake and frequencies of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells. The protein ingestion is one of the signals that influence GLP-1-containing cells in the chicken small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Monir
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kami-ina, Japan
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Immunohistochemical Study on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1(GLP-1) and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide (PACAP) in the Small Intestine of <i>Muscovy </i>Duck during the Prehatching and Posthatching Periods. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Monir MM, Hiramatsu K, Nishimura K, Takemoto C, Watanabe T. Distribution of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2-immunoreactive cells in the chicken small intestine: antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:565-8. [PMID: 24334814 PMCID: PMC4064143 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An antigen retrieval method for immunohistochemical staining of glucagon-like
peptide (GLP)-2-immunoreactive cells was investigated in the chicken small intestine.
GLP-2-immunoreactive cells were observed as open-typed endocrine cells in the villous
epithelium and crypts on both antigen retrieval agent-treated and untreated preparations.
No obvious differences were detected in morphological features of GLP-2-immunoreactive
cells between treated and untreated preparations. The frequencies of occurrence of
GLP-2-immunoreactive cells, however, were significantly different in treated and untreated
preparations: in the proximal and distal regions of jejunum and ileum obtained from
untreated preparations, the frequencies of occurrence were 0.5 ± 0.2, 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.2
and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively (cell numbers per mucosal area: cells/mm2, mean ±
SD), whereas those from treated sections were 14.7 ± 2.3, 19.8 ± 2.3, 23.5 ± 4.7 and 34.6
± 4.9 cells/mm2, respectively. These data indicate that this antigen retrieval
method is able to make immunoreactive GLP-2 available for detection and that GLP-2 may act
as one of the common hormones secreted by L cells in the chicken small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Monir
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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13
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Nishimura K, Hiramatsu K, Monir MM, Takemoto C, Watanabe T. Ultrastructural study on colocalization of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 with GLP-2 in chicken intestinal L-cells. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1335-9. [PMID: 23759686 PMCID: PMC3942936 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colocalization of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 with GLP-2 in L-cells was investigated in
the chicken ileum by using double immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical techniques.
Ultrastructural features of L-cells were also clarified in this study. L-cells showing
immunoreactivity for both GLP-1 and GLP-2 were distributed in the whole ileum. They showed
comma-like or flask-like shape and were located in epithelium of crypts and lower part of
intestinal villi. L-cells showing GLP-1-immunoreactivity only were found in epithelium of
lower and middle parts of intestinal villi. Transmission electron microscopy indicated
that L-cells identified by colloidal gold-labeled immunocytochemistry were covered
apically with microvilli, open-type and contained many secretory granules in their
perikarya. These secretory granules without halo were round to oval in shape and showed
moderate electron density. The longest and shortest diameters of secretory granules were
355 ± 62 nm (mean ± SD) and 287 ± 48 nm, respectively. Double labeling immunocytochemistry
using two different sizes of particles (6 and 12 nm in diameter) of colloidal gold
revealed that GLP-1 colocalized with GLP-2 in the same secretory granules. This study
advances new morphological data about the endocrine system of the chicken small
intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nishimura
- Department of Food Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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14
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Monir MM, Hiramatsu K, Yamasaki A, Nishimura K, Watanabe T. The influence of restricted feeding on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-containing cells in the chicken small intestine. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:153-8. [PMID: 23651280 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of restricted feeding on the distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-containing endocrine cells in the chicken small intestine was investigated using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. This study demonstrated that the restricted feeding had an influence on the activity of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells in the chicken small intestine. There were differences in the localization and the frequency of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells in the small intestine between control and restricted groups, especially 25% feed supply group provided with 25% of the intake during the adapting period. GLP-1-immunoreactive cells in the control chickens were mainly located in epithelium from crypts to the lower part of intestinal villi. Those in restricted groups, however, tended to be located from crypts to the middle part of intestinal villi. The frequency of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells was lowest in the control group, medium in 50% feed supply group and highest in 25% feed supply group at each intestinal region examined in this study, that is, increased with the advancement of restricting the amount of feed supply. These data show that the quantity of food intake is one of signals that have an influence on the secretion of GLP-1 from L cells in the chicken small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Monir
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa 8304, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
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15
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Pirone A, Ding BA, Giannessi E, Coli A, Stornelli MR, di Cossato MMF, Piano I, Lenzi C. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the gastrointestinal tract of the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Acta Histochem 2012; 114:535-9. [PMID: 22036174 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was investigated in the gastrointestinal tract of the pheasant using immunohistochemistry. GLP-1 immunoreactive cells were common in the small intestine, in the proventriculus and in the pancreas. Immunostained cells were not seen in the crop, in the gizzard and in the large intestine. Double labelling demonstrated that GLP-1 and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) were occasionally co-localized only in the duodenal villi. In contrast to what was previously described in the chicken and ostrich, we noted GLP-1 positive cells in the duodenum. These data were consistent with the presence of proglucagon mRNA in the chicken duodenum. Our findings indicate that GLP-1 might have an inhibitory effect on gastric and crop emptying and on acid secretion also in the pheasant. Moreover, the results of the present research regarding the initial region of the small intestine suggest a further direct mechanism of the GLP-1 release during the early digestion phase and an enhancement of its incretin role.
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Pirone A, Ding BA, Lenzi C, Baglini A, Giannessi E, Romboli I. The small intestine of the adult New Hampshire chicken: an immunohistochemical study. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:163-8. [PMID: 21133986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gastric-releasing peptide (GRP) and glucagon immunoreactivity were studied in the small intestine of the New Hampshire chicken using immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of the presence of GIP-immunoreactive (ir) cells in avian small intestine. GIP, GRP and glucagon immunoreactivity was localized in the epithelium of the villi and crypts of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In particular, both in the duodenum and in the jejunum immunoreactive endocrine cells to GIP, GRP and glucagon were observed. In the ileum, we noticed GIP-ir and glucagon-ir cells. GRP-ir was found in nerve fibres of all three segments of the small intestine. The distribution of these bioactive agents in the intestinal tract of the chicken suggests that GIP and glucagon may play a role in the enteropancreatic axis in which intestinal peptides modulate pancreas secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pirone
- Department of Animal Productions, Section of Anatomy, University of Pisa, Italy
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Tachibana T, Hiramatsu K, Furuse M, Hasegawa S, Yoshizawa F, Sugahara K. Distribution of proglucagon mRNA and GLP-1 in the brainstem of chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:203-7. [PMID: 15748860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), structurally similar to glucagon, synthesized from the precursor proglucagon, is a well known anorexigenic peptide in the brain of several animal species. However, there are no previous reports concerning GLP-1-containing neurons in the chick brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of proglucagon mRNA and GLP-1-immunoreactive (GLI) perikarya in various regions of the chick brain. We detected proglucagon mRNA in the brainstem, and to a lesser extent in the telencephalon. In the brainstem, a study using immunohistochemistry revealed that GLI perikarya were present in the nucleus motorius nervi facialis pars dosalis, nucleus motoris dorsalis nervi vagi and nucleus tractus solitarii. Furthermore, we found that proglucagon mRNA expression in the brainstem decreased after 24 h fasting. The present findings support the idea that endogenous GLP-1 is involved in feeding behavior of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tachibana
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Immunohistochemical and Morphometrical Studies on the Distribution of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)-immunoreactive Cells in the Chicken Intestine. J Poult Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.42.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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