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Mo G, Hu B, Wei P, Luo Q, Zhang X. The Role of Chicken Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Their Receptors in the Immune System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900041. [PMID: 35910654 PMCID: PMC9331192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) exhibit important roles in the immune system maintenance. In poultry, PRL mainly plays its roles in nesting, hatching, and reproduction, while GH is primarily responding to body weight, fat formation and feed conversion. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the relationship between PRL and GH, PRLR and GHR, and the immune response of poultry. We also propose a hypothesis that PRL, GH and their receptors might be used by viruses as viral receptors. This may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of viral infection and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu S, Li L, Ren X, Qing E, Deng D, He H, Li L, Wang J. Evidence for the Existence of Two Prolactin Isoforms in the Developing Pituitary Gland of the Goose ( Anser cygnoides). Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Compared to Galliformes such as chicken and turkey, very little is known about the existence and expression of isoforms of prolactin (PRL) in the pituitary glands of Anseriformes. In this study, by generating a rabbit-anti-goose (Anser cygnoides) PRL polyclonal
antibody, we analysed the expression patterns of goose PRL isoforms in the embryonic and post-hatch development of the pituitary gland. Our results showed that two immunoreactive bands with molecular weights of about 23 and 26 kDa were detected using the Western blot technique, corresponding
to the non-glycosylated (NG-) and the glycosylated (G-) isoform of PRL, respectively. The protein levels of the total PRL in a goose increased gradually from the embryonic day (ED) 22 to the post-hatch day (PD) 28, with a non-significant decrease on PD6. Furthermore, the percentage of G-PRL
in the pituitary gland of the goose fluctuated from about 30.3% to 54.7% throughout the embryonic and post-hatch development. At the mRNA level, the expression of PRL increased steadily during the development and reached the highest levels on PD12, but later showed a non-significant
decrease on PD28. The inconsistent expression patterns between the PRL mRNA and protein during the stages from PD6 to PD28 indicated that the PRL gene expression involves both transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Taken together, our data unequivocally demonstrated
the existence of NG- and G-PRL in the pituitary gland of a goose and that the expression of the total PRL as well as the percentage of G-PRL significantly changed during embryonic and post-hatch development, indicating that the versatile biological functions of PRL during the ontogenesis of
a goose could be closely related to changes in both its total expression and the degree of glycosylation in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xufang Ren
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Enhua Qing
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghang Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Purwantini D, Santosa RSS, Santosa SA, Susanto A, Candrasari DP, Ismoyowati I. Prolactin gene polymorphisms and associations with reproductive traits in Indonesian local ducks. Vet World 2020; 13:2301-2311. [PMID: 33363319 PMCID: PMC7750233 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2301-2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Reproductive traits play an important role in population increases and the egg production (EP) abilities of Indonesian local ducks (ILD). The prolactin (PRL) gene is a single chain polypeptide hormone belonging to a family of growth hormone genes that are mainly synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland in all vertebrates. It has a significant effect on reproductive traits and EP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in PRL are a useful molecular marker for EP. This study aimed to identify the PRL polymorphisms based on these SNPs and to uncover the associations with reproductive traits in ILD. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 ILDs consisting of Tegal and Magelang (F0) ducks and their reciprocal crosses, namely, Gallang (F1) and Maggal (F1), were maintained and specific variables were recorded, that is, age at first egg, body weight at first egg, first egg weight, and EP, for 90 days. Allele and genotype frequencies were used to determine the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. The association between the SNP genotypes of PRL and reproductive traits was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, following the GLM procedure of SAS. The genotypic effects on the reproductive traits were determined using regression analysis. Results: This study successfully amplified a polymerase chain reaction product of 190 bp, which was used to identify the SNP. Results indicated that PRL in ILDs is polymorphic. A SNP was found at position 164 nt (c.164G >A), consisting of three different genotypes, namely, GG, GA, and AA. The genotypes of Tegal and Magelang (F0), and Gallang (F1) populations were not in H-W equilibrium. The Maggal population (F1) was in H-W equilibrium. Significant associations were detected between the genotypes and EP in all ILDs (p<0.01), following a regression line of y=2.337x+64.605, with a determination coefficient of 0.0188 (r=0.14). Conclusion: PRL can be recommended as a candidate gene for reproductive traits in ILD, especially EP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agus Susanto
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
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Ocłoń E, Leśniak-Walentyn A, Solomon G, Shpilman M, Hrabia A, Gertler A. Comparison of in vitro bioactivity of chicken prolactin and mammalian lactogenic hormones. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:27-34. [PMID: 27641684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant chicken prolactin, expressed in Escherichia coli as an unfolded protein, was successfully refolded and purified to homogeneity as a monomeric protein. Its biological activity was evidenced by its ability to interact with rabbit prolactin receptor extracellular domain and stimulate prolactin receptor-mediated proliferation in three cell types possessing mammalian prolactin receptors. Chicken prolactin activity in those assays was 20-100-fold lower than that of mammalian lactogenic hormones, likely due to lower affinity for mammalian prolactin receptors and not to improper refolding, because in two homologous bioassays, chicken prolactin activity was equal to or higher than that of ovine prolactin and the CD spectra of chicken and human prolactin were almost identical. Our results using seven mammalian lactogenic hormones from five species in three bioassays revealed the major role of species specificity in testing biological activity in vitro. Heterologous bioassays may be misleading and homologous assays are strongly recommended for predicting the activity of species-specific lactogenic hormones in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ocłoń
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Leśniak-Walentyn
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gili Solomon
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Shpilman
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arieh Gertler
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Kansaku N, Tobari Y, Hiyama G, Wakui S, Minoguchi N, Numata M, Kino K, Zadworny D. Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Forskolin on mRNA Expression of Prolactin and Prolactin Regulatory Element-Binding Protein in the Anterior Pituitary Gland of Chicken Embryo and Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:313-317. [PMID: 32908399 PMCID: PMC7477168 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) treatment induced mRNA expression of Prolactin (PRL) in the chicken anterior pituitary gland. VIP responsive element (VRE) of the PRL promoter was identified in the various bird species. However, transcription factor, which binds to VRE, has not yet been identified. Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein (PREB) gene cloned as a candidate transcription factor binds to VRE. Increases of mRNA levels of PRL and PREB during embryogenesis were identified. However, whether VIP affects levels of PRL and PREB mRNA during embryogenesis remains unknown. The effects of VIP and forskolin on mRNA expression of PRL and PREB in the embryonic anterior pituitary gland were assessed. Furthermore, administration of VIP to laying hens was conducted to examine the relationship between VIP and PREB mRNA expression. At day 14 of the embryonic growth stage, VIP treatment did not affect mRNA levels of either PRL or PREB, whereas forskolin treatment induced the increase of these mRNA levels. At day 20, both VIP and forskolin induced an increase of PRL and PREB mRNA levels. The administration of VIP significantly increased mRNA levels of PRL and PREB in the anterior pituitary gland of White Leghorn and Nagoya. These results indicate that the effects of VIP on PRL and PREB mRNA expression levels of VIP receptor may in turn affect PRL and PREB mRNA levels in the chicken anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kansaku
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tobari
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Gen Hiyama
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shin Wakui
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naokazu Minoguchi
- Animal Husbandry Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research Center, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi-ken, 480-1193, Japan
| | - Masazumi Numata
- Animal Husbandry Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research Center, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi-ken, 480-1193, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kino
- Animal Husbandry Research Division, Aichi Agricultural Research Center, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi-ken, 480-1193, Japan
| | - David Zadworny
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P.Q., H9X 3V9, Canada
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Characterization and Expression of Turkey Prolactin Regulatory Element Binding in the Anterior Pituitary Gland and Pancreas During Embryogenesis. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:67-75. [PMID: 32908367 PMCID: PMC7477242 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRL regulatory element-binding (PREB) protein is a transcription factor that was originally cloned from the rat anterior pituitary gland and characterized as a regulator of the PRL promoter. It is also strongly expressed in several extrapituitary tissues; however, its functional role is not well understood to date. In this study, we aimed to clone and characterize the turkey PREB gene and investigate its mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary gland and pancreas during embryogenesis. Based on the conserved sequence of chicken and mammalian PREB cDNAs, a turkey PREB cDNA fragment was obtained, and after sequencing of the fragment, the 5′-and 3′-ends of mRNA were amplified and determined. To identify the PREB gene structure, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed. The turkey PREB gene consists of 9 exons and 8 introns, and it encodes a 411-amino-acid protein. The expression of PREB mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland was measured during embryogenesis. Levels of PREB mRNA significantly increased at embryonic day 22, with maximum levels being detected on day 25 of ontogeny, which correlated with similar changes in levels of PRL mRNA. The highest level of PREB mRNA was detected on day 19 in the pancreas. However, the highest level of insulin mRNA was detected at embryonic day 25. These results indicate that PREB may be involved in the expression of PRL mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland, whereas insulin mRNA may be expressed independently of the expression of PREB mRNA in the pancreas during embryogenesis.
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Kulibaba RA, Yurko PS, Liashenko YV. MspI-polymorphism in fourth intron of the growth hormone gene in chicken populations of different breeds: Analysis of the causes of additional restriction pattern origin. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715060043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anh NTL, Kunhareang S, Duangjinda M. Association of Chicken Growth Hormones and Insulin-like Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms with Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Thai Broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1686-95. [PMID: 26580435 PMCID: PMC4647076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular marker selection has been an acceptable tool in the acceleration of the genetic response of desired traits to improve production performance in chickens. The crossbreds from commercial parent stock (PS) broilers with four Thai synthetic breeds; Kaen Thong (KT), Khai Mook Esarn (KM), Soi Nin (SN), and Soi Pet (SP) were used to study the association among chicken growth hormones (cGH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) genes for growth and carcass traits; for the purpose of developing a suitable terminal breeding program for Thai broilers. A total of 408 chickens of four Thai broiler lines were genotyped, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The cGH gene was significantly associated with body weight at hatching; at 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks of age and with average daily gain (ADG); during 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 0 to 6, 0 to 8, and 0 to 10 weeks of age in PS×KM chickens. For PS×KT populations, cGH gene showed significant association with body weight at hatching, and ADG; during 8 to 10 weeks of age. The single nucleotide polymorphism variant confirmed that allele G has positive effects for body weight and ADG. Within carcass traits, cGH revealed a tentative association within the dressing percentage. For the IGF-I gene polymorphism, there were significant associations with body weight at hatching; at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age and ADG; during 0 to 2, 4 to 6, and 0 to 6 weeks of age; in all of four Thai broiler populations. There were tentative associations of the IGF-I gene within the percentages of breast muscles and wings. Thus, cGH gene may be used as a candidate gene, to improve growth traits of Thai broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sajee Kunhareang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand ; Research and Development Network Center for Animal Breeding (Native Chicken), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand ; Research and Development Network Center for Animal Breeding (Native Chicken), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Characterization of Chicken Prolactin Regulatory Element Binding Protein and its Expression in the Anterior Pituitary Gland during Embryogenesis and Different Reproductive Stages. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kulibaba RA, Podstreshnyi AP. Prolactin and growth hormone gene polymorphisms in chicken lines of Ukrainian selection. CYTOL GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452712060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bhattacharya T, Chatterjee R, Sharma R, Rajkumar U, Niranjan M. Genetic polymorphism at 5′ flanking region of the prolactin gene and its effect on egg quality traits in naked neck chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.565224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hiyama G, Kansaku N, Kinoshita M, Sasanami T, Nakamura A, Noda K, Tsukada A, Shimada K, Zadworny D. Changes in post-translational modifications of prolactin during development and reproductive cycles in the chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:238-45. [PMID: 19523395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in proportion of glycosylated prolactin in the anterior pituitary glands of chickens were assessed using one- and two-dimensional western blotting analysis during the perihatch stage of embryos and reproductive cycles. Multiple isoforms of prolactin were detected by one-dimensional analysis and glycosylated (G) and non-glycosylated (NG) isoforms were identified by N-glycosidase and neuraminidase treatment. Increases of ratio of G to NG isoforms were observed in both embryonic stages and reproductive cycles by the one-dimensional analysis. Although a similar tendency of increase of proportion of G prolactin was obtained, different values of proportion were observed between one-dimensional and two-dimensional analysis. Since two-dimensional analysis may better resolve isoforms differing slightly in molecular size of G prolactin, the results from two-dimensional analysis may reflect the actual proportion of prolactin isoforms. Furthermore, isoforms differing in isoelectric points were detected after N-glycosidase and neuraminidase treatment. These results indicate that prolactin may also be additionally post-translationally modified such as by phosphorylation. Thus function and biological activity of prolactin were, at least in part, regulated by post-translational modification in the various physiological stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Hiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Japan
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