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Impacts of particle size and multienzyme supplementation on growth, cost-benefit, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of broilers. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Attia YA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Alqhtani AH, Abd El-Hamid HS, Alyileili SR, El-Hamid AEHEA, Bovera F, El-Shafey AA. The impact of multi-enzyme fortification on growth performance, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed a standard or low-density diet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1012462. [PMID: 36504838 PMCID: PMC9731804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1012462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the impact of supplementation of three multi-enzyme levels (0, 0.1, and 0.2% of feed) and two levels of dietary treatments [standard diet (SD) and low-density diet (LDD)] on growth performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and meat quality of broilers from 1 to 38 days of age. A total of 216 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a factorial experiment (2 × 3) comprising six dietary treatments, each with six replicates and each replicate with six chickens. The results showed that the LDD significantly reduced body weight gain by 5.0%, compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly improved body weight gain and the production index (PI) relative to the SD. The feed conversion ratio was significantly enhanced with increased multi-enzymes from 1 to 21 days. A significant relation between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment was observed in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio from 1 to 21 days of age. Nitrogen-free extract digestibility was significantly increased by using the SD diet compared with using the LDD. Multi-enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract in the LDD. A significant relationship was found between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment on the pancreas, liver, and intestinal length percentages. The meat dry matter concentration was significantly higher in the LDD group than in the SD group. The low-density diet significantly reduced the total revenue compared with the SD, whereas broilers fed the SD recorded significantly higher total revenue and economic efficiency than those fed the LDD. The low-density diet significantly increased economic efficiency compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly increased the total revenue, net revenue, and economic efficiency than the standard set. In conclusion, using multi-enzymes in broiler diets improved body weight gain. The LDD with multi-enzymes showed enhanced body weight gain compared with the SD without multi-enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Poultry and Fish Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Salem R. Alyileili
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ali A. El-Shafey
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Zaky AA, Shim JH, Abd El-Aty AM. A Review on Extraction, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Peptides From Pressed Black Cumin Seed Cake. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743909. [PMID: 34540882 PMCID: PMC8440799 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of black cumin cake was generated as a natural waste material after pressing the oil. Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds and cakes are of precious nutritional value as they contain proteins, phenolics, essential amino acids, and bioactive compounds. Owing to their antioxidant properties, scientists and food manufacturers have extensively developed them. Notably, global awareness among consumers about the benefits of innovative food ingredients has been increased. Meanwhile, it has to be noted that vast amounts of cake by-products are not effectively utilized, which might cause economic loss and environmental consequences. This review aimed to highlight the antioxidant abilities, extraction, characterization, functional characteristics, and utilization of active peptides acquired from black seed oil cake. This overview would critically evaluate black seed cake proteins, plentiful in bioactive peptides that might be utilized as valuable additives in feed, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The addition of bioactive peptides to restrain the oxidation of fat-based products and preserve food safety is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Zaky
- Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Academy of Science, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Al-Harthi MA, Attia YA, El-Shafey AS, Elgandy MF. Impact of phytase on improving the utilisation of pelleted broiler diets containing olive by-products. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1740896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. El-Shafey
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Elgandy
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, El-Shafey AS. Influence of Different Time and Frequency of Multienzyme Application on the Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Rearing and Some Selected Metabolic Indicators. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030450. [PMID: 32182709 PMCID: PMC7143333 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enzymes are a useful, valuable and economic tool to improve feed utilization and thus animal performance. Costs of enzymes supplementation and time and application frequency of enzymes have received little attention other than dose and type of enzymes. This study showed that multienzymes offered intermittently during both early and late growth periods up to market age of broilers enhanced productive performance and economic profits and can substitute the daily administration with a considerable lowering of the supplementation cost. Abstract This study looks at the influence of time and/or frequency of multienzymes application on productivity, carcass characteristics, metabolic profile, and red blood cell characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred and eighty, one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler male chicks were randomly distributed into seven treatment groups. Each group consisted of eight replicates of five unsexed birds. The same basal diet was fed in a crumble form to all experimental groups: group one was the unsupplemented control that did not receive multienzymes supplementation. Additionally, multienzymes in water were supplemented in six groups in a factorial arrangement, including three times of application (starter time only which included days 1–21 of age, grower time only which included days 22–37 of age, and starter and grower time which included days 1–37 of age) and two application frequencies (continuously or intermittently). In the continuous application, the multienzymes were added to water over 24 h in a day, while in the intermittent frequency multienzymes were added to water for one day followed by a day off according to the time of application. Regardless of time and frequency of application, enzymes supplementation significantly increased growth rate, feed intake, European Production Index (EPI), protein digestibility, serum albumin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent multienzymes application during days 1–21 of age or days 22–37 of age resulted in significantly greater growth, better feed conversion rate (FCR), and higher EPI of broilers during the whole rearing period than those under continuous multienzymes during different growth periods. Besides, intermittent multienzymes addition during days 1–37 of age improved FCR of broiler chicks compared to constant application. The intermittent addition of multienzymes during days 1–21 of age or 22–37 days of age and days 1–37 of age caused a significant increase in dry matter (DM) digestibility than the continuous application. The intermittent addition of multienzymes during days 1–21 of age significantly increased the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF) compared to continuous application. A similar trend was shown in the digestibility of CP and EE due to intermittent use during days 22–37 of age. Intermittent enzymes addition significantly increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) of groups receiving enzymes during days 22–37 of age compared to continuous application of enzymes. In conclusion, the use of multienzymes intermittently during days 1–21 of age and 22–37 days of age significantly increased growth, improved FCR, and raised EPI. Intermittent use can replace continuous multienzyme applications which can save 68.6% of the cost, even though further research is need from the cost-saving edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A. Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Ali S. El-Shafey
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt;
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Attia YA, Al-Khalaifah H, Abd El-Hamid HS, Al-Harthi MA, El-Shafey AA. Effect of Different Levels of Multienzymes on Immune Response, Blood Hematology and Biochemistry, Antioxidants Status and Organs Histology of Broiler Chicks Fed Standard and Low-Density Diets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:510. [PMID: 32195272 PMCID: PMC7015166 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was executed to investigate the effect of supplementing three multienzyme levels (0, 0. 1, and 0.2%) with two types of diet [standard diet (SD) vs. low-density diet (LDD)] on immune response, blood hematology and biochemistry, antioxidant status, and organ histology of broilers during 1–38 days of age. A total of 216 unsexed 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed, on a factorial design (2 × 3), to six treatments each with six replicates. There were six chicks per replicate. Results showed that LDD significantly decreased body weight gain (BWG) of broilers, but did not affect the European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI). Addition of multienzymes at both levels (0.1 and 0.2%) significantly increased BWG and improved EPEI, compared to the control diet. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspirate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), lymphocyte, lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and phagocyte activity (PA) were significantly higher for LDD than the SD, but eosinophil was lower. Supplementation of multienzymes significantly decreased ALT, AST, and MDA, compared to the control group, but increased packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), lymphocytes, and monocytes. Immune organs, such as spleen, thymus, and the bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased with multienzyme supplementation. It could be concluded that multienzyme supplementation at either 0.1 or 0.2% to SD or LDD improved EPEI and immune status of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - H Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - H S Abd El-Hamid
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - M A Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A El-Shafey
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
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Arif M, Rehman A, Abd El-Hack ME, Saeed M, Khan F, Akhtar M, Swelum AA, Saadeldin IM, Alowaimer AN. Growth, carcass traits, cecal microbial counts, and blood chemistry of meat-type quail fed diets supplemented with humic acid and black cumin seeds. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1930-1938. [PMID: 29879835 PMCID: PMC6212732 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study attempted to determine safe and sufficient growth promoters in poultry feeding. METHODS A total of 520 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups in a 4×2 factorial design experiment to evaluate the effect of different levels of humic acid (HA) and black cumin (BC) seed and their interactions on growth, carcass traits, gut microbes, and blood chemistry of growing quails. Quails were randomly distributed into 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design, included 4 HA levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg diet) and 2 BC levels (0 or 5 g/ kg diet). RESULTS Increasing HA level associated with a gradual increase in final weight, feed intake and body weight gain along with an improvement in feed conversion ratio. Dietary addition of 5 g BC powder/kg diet gave similar results. The highest level of HA (2.25 g/kg diet) recorded the best values of carcass weight, breast yield, intestinal length, and intestinal weight comparing with the control and other HA levels. Total viable microbial counts decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of HA except the intermediate level (1.5 g/kg diet). The concentration of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (excluding that 0.75 g HA) decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein increased (p = 0.034) along with increasing HA level. The interaction between the 2.25 g HA×5 g gave the best results regarding most studied parameters. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that HA combined with BC could be used as effective growth promoters, with the recommended level being 2.25 g HA+5 g BC/kg of quail diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040,
Pakistan
| | - Fateh Khan
- CVSD Remount Depot Sargodha Cantt, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | | | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511,
Egypt
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511,
Egypt
| | - Abdullah N. Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
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Soliman ES, Hamad RT, Ahmed A. Prophylactic and immune modulatory influences of Nigella sativa Linn. in broilers exposed to biological challenge. Vet World 2017; 10:1447-1455. [PMID: 29391685 PMCID: PMC5771169 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1447-1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Prophylaxis and disease prevention is an essential strategy among biorisk management in poultry farms that stimulate and maintain the birds’ immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic, and immune-stimulant influence of Nigella sativa Linn. in broilers under biological stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 1-day-old (ross) chicks were divided into 5 groups; four of which were supplemented with 1.4%, 2.8%, 4.2%, and 5.6% N. sativa Linn., respectively. The four supplemented groups were challenged with Escherichia coli O157:H7 1.5×108 at a 14th day old. A total of 1050 samples (150 serum, 150 swab, and 750 organ samples) were collected and examined. Results: A highly significant increase (p<0.01) in 5.6% N. sativa Linn. supplemented group in performance traits (body weight, weight gain, and performance index), biochemical parameters (proteinogram, liver enzymes, and creatinine), immunoglobulins concentration, and immune organs’ weight. Meanwile, liver showed improvement of histoarchitecture without fibrosis. Heart showed a mild pericarditis with a mild degree of hydropic degeneration. Bursa, thymus, and spleen showed lymphoid hyperplasia. Conclusion: A concentration of 5.6% N. sativa Linn. in broiler’s feed can improve the immune response and subsequent resistance of broilers against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S Soliman
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rania T Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amira Ahmed
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Evaluation of Different Levels of Canola Meal on Performance, Organ Weights, Hepatic Deiodinase Gene Expression and Thyroid Morphology in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:282-291. [PMID: 32908438 PMCID: PMC7477266 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inclusion level of canola meal (CM) on performance, organ weights and hepatic type I deiodinase gene expression in broilers. A completely randomized design with 4 levels of CM (0, 10, 20 and 30%) as a substitute for soybean meal (SBM) was utilized with 5 replicates of 9 birds each. The results showed that body weight gain (1 to 42 d) decreased linearly (P<0.01) as the inclusion of CM increased. An increase in dietary level of CM also resulted in a linear (P<0.05) increase in feed conversion ratio (1 to 42 d). Proportion of thyroids (P<0.05) and liver (P<0.01) increased linearly with increased levels of CM. A significant linear increase in right ventricular weight: total ventricular weight ratio (P<0.01) and heart weight (P<0.05) were observed by substituting CM for SBM. The concentration of plasma triiodothyronine and triiodothyronine: tetraiodothyronine ratio decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing level of CM. Expression of hepatic type I deiodinase gene (D1) decreased linearly (P<0.01) as inclusion level of CM in diets increased. Moreover, increasing linear (P<0.01) and quadratic responses (P<0.05) were observed in follicles number and epithelial thickness in broilers thyroids followed by increased levels of CM. In addition, increases in dietary CM inclusion led to a linear (P<0.01) increase in thyroid follicles diameters. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that feeding increasing CM inclusions from 0 to 30% negatively affect growth performance of broiler chickens. From this study, it can also be concluded that substitution of CM for SBM adversely interferes with thyroid and liver functions and decrease D1 gene expression, likely because of higher dietary concentration of glucosinolates.
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Al-Harthi MA, El-Deek AA. The effects of preparing methods and enzyme supplementation on the utilization of brown marine algae (Sargassum dentifebium) meal in the diet of laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. El-Deek
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Flores-Cervantes S, Casillas-Franco JC, Orozco-Hernández JR. Effect of a multi-enzymatic mix in a sorghum-soybean meal-based ration on hen performance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Al-Harthi MA. Sexual Maturity and Performance of Pullets Fed Different Preparations and Concentrations of Brown Marine Algae (Sargassum Dentifebium) in Pre-Laying and Early Laying Periods. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Attia YA, El-Tahawy WS, Abd El-Hamid AEHE, Hassan SS, Nizza A, El-Kelaway MI. Effect of phytase with or without multienzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient digestibility of young broiler chicks fed mash or crumble diets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Das M, Mandal SK. Oxya hyla hyla (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Japanese Quail. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:269810. [PMID: 27355015 PMCID: PMC4897473 DOI: 10.1155/2014/269810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient composition of the grasshoppers Oxya hyla hyla showed that they are a rich nutrient source containing 687.7 g protein/kg of dry body weight. Their antinutrient values fell within nutritionally acceptable values of the poultry bird Coturnix japonica japonica (Japanese quail). The most required essential amino acids and fatty acids were also present in sufficient amount. For feeding trial nine diets were formulated on an equal crude protein (230 g/kg) basis with grasshopper meal, fish meal, and soybean meal. Three sets of diets with grasshopper meal were prepared with 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg, and 150 g/kg grasshopper of total feed. Similarly, other diet sets were prepared with fish meal and also with soybean meal. Results were compared with another group of Japanese quails fed on a reference diet that was considered as control. Two experiments were conducted with a total number of 600, seven-day-old, Japanese quails. In experiment 1 for determination of growth performance, quails were randomly distributed into ten groups of males and ten groups of females containing 30 birds each. In experiment 2 for determination of laying performance, identical ten groups were prepared in ten repetitions (2 females and 1 male in each group) from the six-week-old birds of experiment 1. Birds of diet set GM2 have gained the highest body weight (male 4.04 g/bird/day; female 5.01 g/bird/day) followed by birds of FM3 diet set (male 3.72 g/bird/day; female 4.40 g/bird/day), whereas birds of reference diet have gained 3.05 g/bird/day for male and 3.23 g/bird/day for female. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds fed with GM2 was the lowest (male 3.33; female 2.97) whereas FCR of R group was higher (male 4.37; female 4.65) than grasshopper meal and fish meal based diets. Hen day production percentage was higher (72.2) in GM2 group, followed by FM3 (63.5) group. R group had lower 1st egg weight (9.0 g), weight gain (8.2 g), percentage of hen day production (41.8%), higher feed intake (33.6 g/day/bird), and age at 1st laid egg than the grasshopper meal and fish meal based diets. So growth and laying performance of the birds were significantly better in grasshopper meal and fish meal added diet fed sets than the reference diet fed group; among all the dietary groups 100 g/kg grasshopper meal added diet mostly gave significantly better results followed by 150 g/kg fish meal added diets. It was ascertained that the O. hyla hyla meal had pronounced positive response on the birds. So, the quails could be easily fed 100 g/kg grasshopper meal added diet as it was the most suitable alternative feedstuff compared to the conventional protein source based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Das
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Mandal
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Ginsenosides promote proliferation of granulosa cells from chicken prehierarchical follicles through PKC activation and up-regulated cyclin gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:769-75. [PMID: 20402666 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of GS (ginsenosides) on proliferation of chicken GCs (granulosa cells) from prehierarchical SYF (small yellow follicles) was evaluated, and involvement of the PKC (protein kinase C) signalling pathway as well as mRNA expression of cyclins and CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) were investigated. Whole SYF or GCs isolated from SYF were cultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 0.5% FCS (fetal calf serum). After 16 h, the cells were challenged with GS alone or in combination with PKC inhibitor H7 or activator PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for 24 h in serum-free medium. Results showed that in both whole follicles and pure GCs monolayer culture system, GS (0.1-10 microg/ml) significantly increased the number of GCs in SYF in a dose-dependent manner, and this stimulatory effect was inhibited by H7, but enhanced by PMA. Meanwhile, the PCNA-LI (proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index) of GCs displayed similar changes with the cell number. Mechanism of GS action was further evaluated in cultured GCs separated from SYF. Western blot analysis showed that 10 microg/ml GS increased PKC translocation from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane of the GCs to become the active state. This effect was blocked by H7. Furthermore, GS up-regulated the expression of cyclin D1/CDK6 and cyclin E/CDK2 mRNAs in GCs; however, inhibition of PKC with H7 attenuated this stimulatory effect. These results indicated that GS could stimulate proliferation of chicken GCs through activated PKC-involved up-regulation of cyclin D1/CDK6 and cyclin E/CDK2 genes, subsequently promoting development of the chicken prehierarchical follicles.
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The Effect of Malic Acid on Performance and Some Digestive Tract Traits of Japanese Quails. J Poult Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.46.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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