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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang F, Jiang D, Song Y, Yang L, Zhang M, Wang Y, Ruan Y, Fang J, Fei F. Septal stimulation attenuates hippocampal seizure with subregion specificity. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:1445-1457. [PMID: 38831626 PMCID: PMC11296123 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising approach for the treatment of epilepsy. However, the optimal target for DBS and underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Here, we compared the therapeutic effects of DBS on distinct septal subregions, aimed to find the precise targets of septal DBS and related mechanisms for the clinical treatment. METHODS Assisted by behavioral test, electroencephalography (EEG) recording and analyzing, selectively neuronal manipulation and immunohistochemistry, we assessed the effects of DBS on the three septal subregions in kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse seizure model. RESULTS DBS in the medial septum (MS) not only delayed generalized seizure (GS) development, but reduced the severity; DBS in the vertical diagonal band of Broca (VDB) only reduced the severity of GS, while DBS in the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) subregion showed no anti-seizure effect. Notably, DBS in the MS much more efficiently decreased abnormal activation of hippocampal neurons. EEG spectrum analysis indicated that DBS in the MS and VDB subregions mainly increased the basal hippocampal low-frequency (delta and theta) rhythm. Furthermore, ablation of cholinergic neurons in the MS and VDB subregions blocked the anti-seizure and EEG-modulating effects of septal DBS, suggesting the seizure-alleviating effect of DBS was dependent on local cholinergic neurons. SIGNIFICANCE DBS in the MS and VDB, rather than HDB, attenuates hippocampal seizure by activation of cholinergic neurons-augmented hippocampal delta/theta rhythm. This may be of great therapeutic significance for the clinical treatment of epilepsy with septal DBS. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY The optical target of deep brain stimulation in the septum is still not clear. This study demonstrated that stimulation in the medial septum and vertical diagonal band of Broca subregions, but not the horizontal diagonal band of Broca, could alleviate hippocampal seizure through cholinergic neurons-augmented hippocampal delta/theta rhythm. This study may shed light on the importance of precise regulation of deep brain stimulation therapy in treating epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dongxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yingjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Yeping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Bukanova JV, Solntseva EI, Skrebitsky VG. Factors promoting the release of picrotoxin from the trap in the GABA(A) receptor pore. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105703. [PMID: 38395151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Picrotoxin (PTX), a convulsant of plant origin, has been used in many studies as research tool. PTX is the open channel blocker of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR). Being in the pore, PTX initiates transfer of the channel to the closed state and thus it falls into the "trap". The consequence of this PTX trapping is so-called aftereffect, i.e. continuation of the blockade of the GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) after removal of PTX from the external solution. The present work shows that the positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAA receptor, allopregnanolone (Allo) and zolpidem (Zolp) as well as a high concentration of GABA shortened the PTX aftereffect. Experiments were carried out on isolated Purkinje neurons of the rat cerebellum using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. IGABA was induced by applications of 5 μM GABA (EC30) for 1 s with 30 s intervals. 50 μM PTX completely blocked IGABA, and recovery upon PTX washout occurred with a time constant (τrec) of 20.2 min. 1 μM Allo reduced the blocking effect of PTX by 30% and accelerated the recovery of IGABA by almost 10 times (τrec = 2.4 min). 0.5 μM Zolp did not change the IGABA block in the presence of PTX but accelerated the recovery of IGABA by more than 3 times (τrec = 5.6 min). Increasing the GABA concentration to 20 μM did not change the blocking effect of PTX, but accelerated recovery by 6 times (τrec = 3.3 min). The mechanism of the shortening of the PTX aftereffect is presumably the expansion of the GABAAR pore in the presence of PAMs and a high concentration of the agonist and, as a consequence, the escape of PTX from the "trap". The work describes new pharmacological properties of Allo and Zolp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Bukanova
- Brain Research Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Solntseva
- Brain Research Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.
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Besing GLK, St. John EK, Potesta CV, Gallagher MJ, Zhou C. Artificial sleep-like up/down-states induce synaptic plasticity in cortical neurons from mouse brain slices. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:948327. [PMID: 36313618 PMCID: PMC9615418 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.948327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, cortical neuron activity alternates between a depolarized (firing, up-state) and a hyperpolarized state (down-state) coinciding with delta electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave oscillation (SWO, 0. 5-4 Hz) in vivo. Recently, we have found that artificial sleep-like up/down-states can potentiate synaptic strength in layer V cortical neurons ex vivo. Using mouse coronal brain slices, whole cell voltage-clamp recordings were made from layer V cortical pyramidal neurons to record spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents (sEPSCs) and inhibitory synaptic currents (sIPSCs). Artificial sleep-like up/down-states (as SWOs, 0.5 Hz, 10 min, current clamp mode) were induced by injecting sinusoidal currents into layer V cortical neurons. Baseline pre-SWO recordings were recorded for 5 min and post-SWO recordings for at least 25-30 min. Compared to pre-SWO sEPSCs or sIPSCs, post-SWO sEPSCs or sIPSCs in layer V cortical neurons exhibited significantly larger amplitudes and a higher frequency for 30 min. This finding suggests that both sEPSCs and sIPSCs could be potentiated in layer V cortical neurons by the low-level activity of SWOs, and sEPSCs and sIPSCs maintained a balance in layer V cortical neurons during pre- and post-SWO periods. Overall, this study presents an ex vivo method to show SWO's ability to induce synaptic plasticity in layer V cortical neurons, which may underlie sleep-related synaptic potentiation for sleep-related memory consolidation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Linn Kay Besing
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Emily Kate St. John
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cobie Victoria Potesta
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Martin J. Gallagher
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chengwen Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Diurnal rhythm regulates the frequency of carbachol-induced beta oscillation via inhibitory neural system in rat hippocampus. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:507-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Voss LJ, Garcia V. Electrophysiological field potential identification of an intact GABAergic system in mouse cortical slices. Brain Res 2021; 1756:147295. [PMID: 33516817 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In brain slice experiments there's currently no validated electrophysiological method for differentiating viability between GABAergic and glutamatergic cell populations. Here we investigated the neurophysiology of high frequency field potential activity - and its utility for probing the functional state of the GABAergic system in brain slices. Field potentials were recorded from mouse cortical slices exposed to 50 mM potassium ("elevated-K") and the induced high frequency (>20 Hz) response characterized pharmacologically. The elevated-K responses were also related to the high frequency activity imbedded in no-magnesium seizure-like events (SLE) from the same slices. The elevated-K response, comprising a transient burst of high frequency activity, was strongly GABAA-dependent. The size of the high frequency response was reduced by 71% (p = 0.001) by picrotoxin, but not significantly attenuated by either APV or CNQX. High frequency activity embedded in no-magnesium SLEs correlated with the elevated-K response. The success rate for generating an elevated-K response - and high frequency SLE activity - declined rapidly with increasing time since slicing. These findings support the hypothesis that in cortical slices, a functioning synaptic GABAergic system is evidenced by a strong high frequency component to no-magnesium SLE activity - and that the integrity of the GABAergic system degrades quicker than the excitatory glutamatergic system in this preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Voss
- Anaesthesia Department, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Zhang CQ, Catron MA, Ding L, Hanna CM, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL, Zhou C. Impaired State-Dependent Potentiation of GABAergic Synaptic Currents Triggers Seizures in a Genetic Generalized Epilepsy Model. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:768-784. [PMID: 32930324 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic activity in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) patients preferentially appears during sleep and its mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that sleep-like slow-wave oscillations (0.5 Hz SWOs) potentiated excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in layer V cortical pyramidal neurons from wild-type (wt) mouse brain slices. In contrast, SWOs potentiated excitatory, but not inhibitory, currents in cortical neurons from a heterozygous (het) knock-in (KI) Gabrg2+Q/390X model of Dravet epilepsy syndrome. This created an imbalance between evoked excitatory and inhibitory currents to effectively prompt neuronal action potential firings. Similarly, physiologically similar up-/down-state induction (present during slow-wave sleep) in cortical neurons also potentiated excitatory synaptic currents within brain slices from wt and het KI mice. Moreover, this state-dependent potentiation of excitatory synaptic currents entailed some signaling pathways of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Consequently, in het KI mice, in vivo SWO induction (using optogenetic methods) triggered generalized epileptic spike-wave discharges (SWDs), being accompanied by sudden immobility, facial myoclonus, and vibrissa twitching. In contrast, in wt littermates, SWO induction did not cause epileptic SWDs and motor behaviors. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanism to explain why epileptic SWDs preferentially happen during non rapid eye-movement sleep and quiet-wakefulness in human GGE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mackenzie A Catron
- Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Hanna
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martin J Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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