Application of the green fluorescent protein as a reporter for Ace1-based, two-hybrid studies

Red fluorescent protein (DsRed) as a reporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We describe the utilization of a red fluorescent protein (DsRed) as an in vivo marker for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clones expressing red and/or green fluorescent proteins with both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization were obtained. A series of vectors are now available which can be used to create amino-terminal (N-terminal) and carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) fusions with the DsRed protein.

The beauty of the yeast: live cell microscopy at the limits of optical resolution

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a very powerful system for cell biological research. Recent advances in electronic light microscopy together with the application of green fluorescent protein and other in vivo staining techniques have allowed novel and exciting insights into structural organization and dynamics of cells as small as yeast. Methods for staining yeast for microscopic inspection and for introducing tags for localization studies of proteins in living or fixed cells are summarized. Electronic light microscopy, video/deconvolution methods, and confocal laser scanning microscopy as novel tools for structural analyses, and their practical applications in yeast, are discussed.