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Koone JC, Dashnaw CM, Alonzo EA, Iglesias MA, Patero KS, Lopez JJ, Zhang AY, Zechmann B, Cook NE, Minkara MS, Supalo CA, Wedler HB, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Shaw BF. Data for all: Tactile graphics that light up with picture-perfect resolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2640. [PMID: 35977019 PMCID: PMC9385137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People who are blind do not have access to graphical data and imagery produced by science. This exclusion complicates learning and data sharing between sighted and blind persons. Because blind people use tactile senses to visualize data (and sighted people use eyesight), a single data format that can be easily visualized by both is needed. Here, we report that graphical data can be three-dimensionally printed into tactile graphics that glow with video-like resolution via the lithophane effect. Lithophane forms of gel electropherograms, micrographs, electronic and mass spectra, and textbook illustrations could be interpreted by touch or eyesight at ≥79% accuracy (n = 360). The lithophane data format enables universal visualization of data by people regardless of their level of eyesight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Koone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Chad M. Dashnaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Emily A. Alonzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Miguel A. Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kelly-Shaye Patero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Juan J. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Ao Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Noah E. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mona S. Minkara
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bryan F. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Zirak N, Shirinbayan M, Deligant M, Tcharkhtchi A. Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010097. [PMID: 35012120 PMCID: PMC8747499 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impellers are referred to as a core component of turbomachinery. The use of impellers in various applications is considered an integral part of the industry. So, increased performance and the optimization of impellers have been the center of attention of a lot of studies. In this regard, studies have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency of rotary machines through aerodynamic optimization, using high-performance materials and suitable manufacturing processes. As such, the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their lower weight when compared to metals has been the focus of studies. On the other hand, methods of the manufacturing process for polymer and polymer composite impellers such as conventional impeller manufacturing, injection molding and additive manufacturing can offer higher economic efficiency than similar metal parts. In this study, polymeric and polymer composites impellers are discussed and conclusions are drawn according to the manufacturing methods. Studies have shown promising results for the replacement of polymers and polymer composites instead of metals with respect to a suitable temperature range. In general, polymers showed a good ability to fabricate the impellers, however in more difficult working conditions considering the need for a substance with higher physical and mechanical properties necessitates the use of composite polymers. However, in some applications, the use of these materials needs further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Zirak
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.S.); (A.T.)
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammadali Shirinbayan
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.S.); (A.T.)
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Michael Deligant
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Abbas Tcharkhtchi
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.S.); (A.T.)
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