1
|
Chan T, Champagne JN, Boudreault JS. Efficacy and Safety of Bendamustine-Rituximab as Frontline Therapy for Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Real-World, Single-Center, Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e66124. [PMID: 39229411 PMCID: PMC11370709 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of bendamustine with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody as frontline therapy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has become a standard of care. We aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of bendamustine-rituximab (BR) frontline therapy for indolent NHL. Patients and methods Patients with indolent NHL treated with frontline BR therapy in Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, from January 2015 to August 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Results Our cohort included 42 adults with a median age of 63 years. Follicular lymphoma was the most common histology (n = 31, 74%). Most patients had advanced disease (Lugano stage III or IV, 88%). The overall response rate was 84% (complete response = 62% and partial response = 22%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached. At 30 months, PFS was 74.8% and overall survival was 90%. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 21% of patients. Infection-related adverse events were observed in 17 patients (40%). Most were grade 1 and 2 events (84%). One case of grade 5 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy related to John Cunningham (JC) virus reactivation was observed. The most common non-infectious-related adverse events were mild nausea and fatigue. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of BR treatment for indolent NHL were comparable in our real-life cohort compared to prior studies. This supports BR as a standard of care for indolent NHL. Future studies should assess whether the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors as primary prophylaxis effectively mitigates the hematological and infection-related adverse events related to BR therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tevy Chan
- Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, CAN
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao L, Li Y, Zuo Z, Gong Z, Zhu J, Feng X, Sun D, Wang K. Studying the Interaction between Bendamustine and DNA Molecule with SERS Based on AuNPs/ZnCl 2/NpAA Solid-State Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13517. [PMID: 37686321 PMCID: PMC10487454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bendamustine (BENDA) is a bifunctional alkylating agent with alkylating and purinergic antitumor activity, which exerts its anticancer effects by direct binding to DNA, but the detailed mechanism of BENDA-DNA interaction is poorly understood. In this paper, the interaction properties of the anticancer drug BENDA with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) were systematically investigated based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique mainly using a novel homemade AuNPs/ZnCl2/NpAA (NpAA: nano porous anodic alumina) solid-state substrate and combined with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and molecular docking simulation to reveal the mechanism of their interactions. We experimentally compared and studied the SERS spectra of ctDNA, BENDA, and BENDA-ctDNA complexes with different molar concentrations (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), and summarized their important characteristic peak positions, their peak position differences, and hyperchromic/hypochromic effects. The results showed that the binding modes include covalent binding and hydrogen bonding, and the binding site of BENDA to DNA molecules is mainly the N7 atom of G base. The results of this study help to understand and elucidate the mechanism of BENDA at the single-molecule level, and provide guidance for the further development of effective new drugs with low toxicity and side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China (D.S.)
| | | | - Kaige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morton LM, Curtis RE, Linet MS, Schonfeld SJ, Advani PG, Dalal NH, Sasse EC, Dores GM. Trends in risk for therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia after initial chemo/immunotherapy for common and rare lymphoid neoplasms, 2000-2018. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102060. [PMID: 37457112 PMCID: PMC10344829 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, survivors of common lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) had increased risks for therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (tMDS/AML). Despite major treatment advances in the treatment of LNs over the last two decades, a comprehensive evaluation of tMDS/AML trends following both common and rare LNs treated in this contemporary period is lacking. Methods In US cancer registries during 2000-2018, we identified 1496 tMDS/AML cases among 186,503 adults who were treated with initial chemo/immunotherapy for first primary LN and survived ≥1 year. We quantified tMDS/AML standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), excess absolute risks (EARs, per 10,000 person-years), and cumulative incidence. Findings The highest tMDS/AML risks occurred after precursor leukemia/lymphoma (SIR = 39, EAR = 30), Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma (SIR = 20, EAR = 24), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (SIR = 12, EAR = 23), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; SIR = 9.0, EAR = 27), and mantle cell lymphoma (SIR = 8.5, EAR = 25). Elevated risks (SIRs = 4.2-6.9, EARs = 4.9-15) also were observed after all other LN subtypes except hairy cell leukemia and mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome. Among patients treated more recently, tMDS/AML risks were significantly higher after CLL/SLL (SIR2000-2005 = 4.8, SIR2012-2017 = 10, Ptrend = 0.0043), significantly lower after Hodgkin (SIR2000-2005 = 15, SIR2012-2017 = 6.3, Ptrend = 0.024) and marginal zone (SIR2000-2005 = 7.5, SIR2012-2017 = 2.3, Ptrend = 0.015) lymphomas, and non-significantly lower after mantle cell lymphoma (SIR2000-2005 = 10, SIR2012-2017 = 3.2, Ptrend = 0.054), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (SIR2000-2005 = 6.9, SIR2012-2017 = 1.0, Ptrend = 0.067), and plasma cell neoplasms (SIR2000-2005 = 5.4, SIR2012-2017 = 3.1, Ptrend = 0.051). EAR and cumulative incidence trends generally were similar to SIR trends. Median survival after tMDS/AML was 8.0 months (interquartile range, 3.0-22.0). Interpretation Although tMDS/AML risks are significantly elevated after initial chemo/immunotherapy for most LNs, patients treated more recently have lower tMDS/AML risks, except after CLL/SLL. Though rare, the poor prognosis following tMDS/AML emphasizes the importance of continued efforts to reduce treatment-associated toxicity. Funding This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. LMM, GMD, REC, and CBS verified the data, and all authors had access to the data and made the decision to submit for publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rochelle E. Curtis
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara J. Schonfeld
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pragati G. Advani
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole H. Dalal
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Sasse
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graça M. Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ishizawa K, Yokoyama M, Kato H, Yamamoto K, Makita M, Ando K, Ueda Y, Tachikawa Y, Suehiro Y, Kurosawa M, Kameoka Y, Nagai H, Uoshima N, Ishikawa T, Hidaka M, Ito Y, Utsunomiya A, Fukushima K, Ogura M. A phase I/II study of 10-min dosing of bendamustine hydrochloride (rapid infusion formulation) in patients with previously untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japan. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:83-95. [PMID: 35796785 PMCID: PMC9300521 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This phase I/II clinical study was conducted to examine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of 10-min dosing of bendamustine in patients with previously untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (Group 1) and patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) (Group 2). Methods Rituximab 375 mg/m2 was administered intravenously every 28 days to Group 1 patients on day 1 and every 21 days to Group 2 patients on day 1. Bendamustine 90 mg/m2/day was administered to the former on days 1 and 2; bendamustine 120 mg/m2/day was administered to the latter on days 2 and 3. Each regimen was delivered up to six cycles for both groups. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Results Among 37 enrolled patients, safety was assessed in 36. In Group 1 (n = 30), 27 patients (90%) had follicular lymphoma. Adverse events (AEs) were observed in all 30 patients in Group 1. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in two of six patients in Group 2. Common AEs included lymphocyte count decreased (86.7%, 100%). In Group 1, overall response and complete response rates were 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77.2–99.2%) and 75.9% (95% CI 56.5–89.7%), respectively. The Cmax and AUC of bendamustine tended to be higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Conclusions This study showed that bendamustine is safe, well-tolerated and effective for patients with previously untreated iNHL, MCL or rrDLBCL. Pharmacokinetic data were equivalent to those obtained outside of Japan. Registration numbers Registration NCT03900377; registered April 3, 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00280-022-04442-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Kato
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ueda
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Ohara HealthCare Foundation Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Tachikawa
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Kurosawa
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Uoshima
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hidaka
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Ito
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Michinori Ogura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blosser N, Jupp J, Yau P, Stewart D. Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in Treating Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 59:7-23. [PMID: 31385204 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes a variety of closely related malignancies that originate from lymphoid precursors. The majority of NHLs are of B-cell lineage, for which traditional therapy involves chemotherapy in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Ongoing research into the pathogenesis of NHL subtypes has given rise to the use of novel agents that target specific molecular pathways. While the incidence of NHL extends over a range of ages from pediatric to elderly settings, the majority of diagnoses occur over age 60 years. Increasing the use of concomitant medication coupled with declining organ function among this group of patients creates pharmacokinetic (PK) challenges in administering a number of agents involved in the treatment of NHL. In addition, since many of the new agents are administered orally, there are a number of added PK factors that must be taken into consideration with their prescribing and administration. This article will review the available literature on the PK and pharmacodynamic properties of agents commonly used in the treatment of NHL, and intends to provide information that can assist with properly using these drugs in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Blosser
- Pharmacy Services, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jupp
- Pharmacy Services, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick Yau
- Pharmacy Services, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas Stewart
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, 1331-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Penne M, Sarraf Yazdy M, Nair KS, Cheson BD. Extended Follow-up of Patients Treated With Bendamustine for Lymphoid Malignancies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:637-644. [PMID: 28797620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bendamustine, typically in combination with rituximab, is an effective treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite its acceptable short-term toxicity profile, long-term toxicities are less well established. This study investigated the long-term adverse effects of bendamustine and responses to subsequent treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS Charts of 194 patients were retrospectively reviewed; 54% had received prior treatment (76% attained complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]). RESULTS Patients who did not achieve a CR or PR did not respond well to subsequent treatments. Malignancies following bendamustine were diagnosed in 11% (21) of patients (first line [7] and salvage [14]), including squamous (8) or basal cell (4) skin cancers; prostate cancer (3), renal cancer (3), bladder cancer (2), melanoma (2), lung cancer (1), and histiocytic sarcoma (1). There were no occurrences of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia reported. Infections occurred in 63% of patients; however, no deaths were attributable to bendamustine. CONCLUSION Bendamustine is an effective therapy with limited long-term sequelae in patients with lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Penne
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Maryam Sarraf Yazdy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kruti Sheth Nair
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Bruce D Cheson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gentile M, Vigna E, Recchia AG, Morabito L, Mendicino F, Giagnuolo G, Morabito F. Bendamustine in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2015; 95:377-88. [PMID: 26085055 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), the availability of novel agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide (immunomodulatory drugs or IMiDs) and bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) and improvements in supportive care have allowed to increase overall survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients; nevertheless, MM remains an incurable pathology. For this reason, newer agents are required for continued disease control. Bendamustine is an old drug rediscovered in the last decade. In fact, its unique mechanism of action with structural similarities to both alkylating agents and antimetabolities, but which is not cross-resistant to alkylating agents, has reawakened interest in the use of this drug in the treatment of MM. Studies have proven the safety and efficacy of bendamustine administered alone or in combination with new drugs in both upfront and relapse/refractory settings of MM patients, including those with renal impairment. Moreover, bendamustine has been successfully used as conditioning for autologous stem-cell transplantation. Finally, the use of bendamustine does not compromise peripheral blood stem-cell collection. This drug is generally well tolerated, with the majority of adverse events being due to myelosuppression. Non-haematological adverse events are infrequent and usually mild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gentile
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Recchia
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucio Morabito
- Medical Oncology & Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Mendicino
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giagnuolo
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Haematology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, A.O. of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gentile M, Recchia AG, Mazzone C, Vigna E, Martino M, Morabito L, Lucia E, Bossio S, De Stefano L, Granata T, Palummo A, Morabito F. An old drug with a new future: bendamustine in multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:2263-80. [PMID: 24053161 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.837885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bendamustine is a unique bifunctional alkylating agent with promising activity in multiple myeloma (MM). It is currently licensed in Europe for use as frontline treatment with prednisolone for patients with MM who are unsuitable for transplantation and who are contraindicated for thalidomide and bortezomib therapy. AREAS COVERED Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of bendamustine administered alone or in combination in both the upfront and relapse settings of MM patients, including those with renal insufficiency, were reviewed. The use of bendamustine as conditioning for autologous stem-cell transplantation and the possibility of stem-cell mobilization after bendamustine therapy are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Bendamustine seems to be efficacious either in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs in previously treated or untreated patients. This is due to its unique mechanism of action including its ability to activate apoptosis and inhibit mitotic checkpoints, making it potentially more effective than other alkylating agents. Moreover, it has an acceptable toxicity profile and is suitable for patients with renal impairment. Finally, this drug does not seem to compromise the possibility of achieving a stem-cell mobilization. Nonetheless, data from Phase III studies demonstrating its effectiveness in terms of overall survival are not yet available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gentile
- Unitá Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Dipartimento Oncoematologico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza , Viale della Repubblica, 87100 Cosenza , Italy +39 0 984 681329 ; +39 0 984 791751 ;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Korycka-Wołowiec A, Robak T. Pharmacokinetic evaluation and therapeutic activity of bendamustine in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1455-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.723690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
10
|
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following treatment with bendamustine and rituximab. Int J Hematol 2012; 96:274-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|